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Macrobrachium Rosenbergii (macrobrachium + rosenbergii)
Kinds of Macrobrachium Rosenbergii Selected AbstractsExperimental vertical transmission of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV) from brooders to progeny in Macrobrachium rosenbergii and ArtemiaJOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 1 2007R Sudhakaran Abstract White tail disease (WTD) is a serious problem in hatcheries and nursery ponds of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in India. Experiments were carried out to determine the possibility of vertical transmission of M. rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV) in M. rosenbergii and Artemia. Prawn broodstock inoculated with MrNV and XSV by oral or immersion challenge survived without any clinical signs of WTD. The brooders spawned 5,7 days after inoculation and the eggs hatched. The survival rate of larvae gradually decreased, and 100% mortality was observed at the post-larvae (PL) stage. Whitish muscle, the typical sign of WTD, was seen in advanced larval developmental stages. The ovarian tissue and fertilized eggs were found to be positive for MrNV/XSV by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) whereas the larval stages showed positive by RT nested PCR (nRT-PCR). In Artemia, reproductive cysts and nauplii derived from challenged brooders were normal and survival rates were within the expected range for normal rearing conditions. The reproductive cysts were found to be positive for MrNV/XSV by RT-PCR whereas the nauplii showed MrNV/XSV-positive by nRT-PCR. The PL of M. rosenbergii fed nauplii derived from challenged Artemia brooders died at 9 days post-inoculum with clinical signs of WTD. [source] Extra small virus-like particles (XSV) and nodavirus associated with whitish muscle disease in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergiiJOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 9 2003D Qian Abstract A disease of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the giant freshwater prawn, farmed in China was recently recorded in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Guangxi and Guangdong provinces. The clinical sign of the disease, which develops in post-larvae (PL), is a whitish appearance of the muscles, particularly noticeable in the abdomen. Mortalities may reach 100% in some hatcheries. Investigations by transmission electron microscopy after negative staining of diseased PL homogenates showed the presence of two types of viral particles: one, unenveloped, icosahedral in shape, 26,27 nm in diameter, the second, much smaller, about 14,16 nm in diameter, designated extra small virus particle (XSV). The large virus has a genome with two pieces of ssRNA (RNA-1 and RNA-2), of 3 and 1.2 kb, respectively. Hybridization tests confirmed that this large virus is closely related to M. rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) which was isolated from diseased prawns in a hatchery in the French West Indies. Its very small size and hypothesized biochemical and biological characteristics suggest XSV is a new type of crustacean virus. As XSV has always been found associated with the larger virus (nodavirus) and is located in muscle and connective cells of diseased animals, it could be an autonomous virus, a helper-type virus or a satellite-like virus. [source] A sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (S-ELISA) for detection of MrNV in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 2 2003B Romestand Abstract A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (S-ELISA) was developed to improve diagnosis of white tail disease of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, caused by the nodavirus, Mr NV. Polyclonal antibodies were produced by immunization of Balb/C mice using a purified suspension of the virus and IgG anti- MrNV were purified from ascitic fluid. A sandwich method was successfully developed, coating first with unlabelled antibody and detecting trapped antigens with a second biotinylated antibody. Reaction was demonstrated using an avidin,peroxidase conjugate. Tissue extracts from M. rosenbergii infected with MrNV or purified viral extracts (control) were successfully identified in an individual ELISA, thus confirming the validity of the method. This S-ELISA should be the technique of choice for epidemiological studies of this disease and is a rapid and inexpensive assay with high specificity and sensitivity. [source] Experimental susceptibility of different life-stages of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man), to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 4 2002R B Pramod Kiran Studies were conducted by injecting/feeding white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) derived from infected shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius), to different life-stages, namely post-larvae, juveniles, sub-adults and adults of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). The disease was also induced in brood stock, and the eggs and larvae derived from these animals were subsequently tested for WSSV infection. All the stages except egg used for the experiment were found WSSV positive in histopathology, cross infection bioassay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Experimentally infected post-larvae and juveniles showed a high percentage of mortality and an increased rate of cannibalism. The cumulative mortality in post-larvae was up to 28%; with 28,40% cannibalism resulting in a maximum loss of up to 68%. In juveniles, observed mortality and cannibalism were 10,20% and 6.7,30.0%, respectively, and the maximum loss recorded was 50%. In sub-adults, mortality ranged from 2.8 to 6.7%, cannibalism was up to 20% and the total loss was up to 26.7%. Sub-adults and adults were found to be more tolerant to the infection as evidenced by the mortality pattern. A nested (two-step) PCR resulted in a 570-bp product specific to WSSV in all stages, except the eggs. [source] Using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework to Identify Constraints and Opportunities to the Development of Freshwater Prawn Farming in Southwest BangladeshJOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Issue 5 2008Nesar Ahmed A conceptual framework, drawn from an approach to poverty reduction known as the sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA), is applied to understanding the role of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, farming in gher (modified rice fields with high, broad peripheral dikes) systems in southwest Bangladesh. Gher farming potentially allows incorporation of a wide variety of crops together with prawn, fish, dike crops, and rice culture. The analysis shows how, in a gher farming context, sustainable livelihoods are achieved through access to a range of livelihood assets, which are combined in the pursuit of prawn farming strategies. The study used the SLA framework as a diagnostic tool to identify ways of strengthening the livelihoods of the prawn farmers. [source] An Economic Analysis of Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Farming in Mymensingh, BangladeshJOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Issue 1 2008Nesar Ahmed This paper deals with production systems, cost structure, and profitability of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, farming in a new area of Mymensingh district in the north-central part of Bangladesh. In the study area, prawn farming practice is still extensive, and only a few farmers (20%) cultivate semiintensively. The costs and returns of extensive and semiintensive farming systems are compared. All farmers in different farming systems made a profit, with seed and feed dominating variable costs. Considerable variation in production costs and profitability was observed. Based on the Cobb,Douglas production function model, return to scale indicates that there is scope to increase production and income from prawn farms in extensive and semiintensive systems by applying more inputs (i.e., seed, feed, and fertilizer). [source] Effects of Two Densities of Caged Monosex Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, on Water Quality, Phytoplankton Populations, and Production When Polycultured with Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Temperate PondsJOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Issue 3 2007Jason J. Danaher The effects of different densities of caged Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, on water quality, phytoplankton populations, prawn, and total pond production were evaluated in freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, production ponds. The experiment consisted of three treatments with three 0.04-ha replicates each. All ponds were stocked with graded, nursed juvenile prawn (0.9 ± 0.6 g) at 69,000/ha. Control (CTL) ponds contained only prawns. Low-density polyculture (LDP) ponds also contained two cages (1 m3; 100 fish/cage) of monosex male tilapia (115.6 ± 22 g), and high-density polyculture (HDP) ponds had four cages. Total culture period was 106 d for tilapia and 114 d for prawn. Overall mean afternoon pH level was significantly lower (P , 0.05) in polyculture ponds than in CTL ponds but did not differ (P > 0.05) between LDP and HDP. Phytoplankton biovolume was reduced in polyculture treatments. Tilapia in the LDP treatment had significantly higher (P , 0.05) harvest weights than in the HDP treatment. Prawn weights were higher (P , 0.05) in polyculture than prawn monoculture. These data indicate that a caged tilapia/freshwater prawn polyculture system may provide pH control while maximizing pond resources in temperate areas. [source] Effect of Dietary Administration of 17,-methyltestosterone on the Sex Ratio of Postlarval Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, During the Nursery Stage of CultureJOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Issue 3 2006Cortney L. Ohs First page of article [source] Production of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii Stocked at Different Densities in Polyculture Systems in BrazilJOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Issue 3 2002Marcel J. M. dos Santos Twelve 0.01-ha earthen ponds were stocked with 1 tilapia/m2 and 0, 2, 4, or 6 postlarvae prawn/m2. Three replicates were randomly assigned to each prawn density. Postlarval prawns were stocked a week prior to tilapia juveniles and both were harvested 175 d after the beginning of the experiment. Tilapia final average weight, survival, production, and food conversion rates did not differ significantly among treatments (P > 0.05); the averages were 531 g, 67%. 3,673 kg/ha, and 1.91, respectively. Prawn survival rates did not differ for the three stocking densities (mean 90%). However, final weight and production were significantly different (P < 0.05) as follows: 34.0, 23.0, and 14.7 g and 639, 909, and 818 kg/ha, respectively for 2. 4, and 6 prawns/m2 densities. Stocking densities up to 6 prawn/m2 did not affect tilapia production and required neither additional feeding nor significant changes in management. The polyculture system allowed an increase in total production with the same amount of supplied feed, thus improving the system sustainability. [source] Growth, Survival, and Body Composition of Cage-Cultured Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Fed Pelleted and Unpelleted Distillers Grains with Solubles in Polyculture with Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergiiJOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Issue 4 2000James H. Tidwell Nine 1.0-m3 cages were stocked with 200 juvenile (26 ± 0.9 g) tilapia. Cages were suspended in a 0.2-ha pond stocked with juvenile freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii at 40,000/ha. Three replicate cages were randomly assigned to each dietary treatment. In one dietary treatment DDGS was fed as an unpelleted loose grain ration (26% protein). In a second dietary treatment fish were fed DDGS that had been steam-pelleted (23% protein). Fish in a third dietary treatment were fed a commercial catfish diet (31% protein) for comparison. After 12 wk, individual weight, individual length, and specific growth rate were significantly higher (P < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio was significantly lower (P < 0.05) for fish fed the commercial catfish diet than for fish fed either unpelleted or pelleted DDGS. Specific growth rate was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for fish fed pelleted DDGS than for fish fed unpelleted DDGS. Survival did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) among treatments (>95%). Although growth was increased in fish fed the commercial diet, their cost of production (<0.66/kg gain) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in fish fed unpelleted and pelleted DDGS (<0.26/ kg gain and <0.37/kg gain, respectively). The costs of gain in fish fed unpelleted DDGS was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in fish fed the pelleted DDGS. Prawn production was 1,449 kg/ha and addition of tilapia in polyculture increased total pond productivity approximately 81 %. These data suggest that DDGS provides economical growth in tilapia when fed as a direct feed and that polyculture of tilapia may improve overall pond efficiency in freshwater prawn production ponds, even at temperate latitudes. [source] Growth, Survival, Yield, and Size Distributions of Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in Polyculture and Monoculture Systems in Puerto RicoJOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Issue 3 2000Alfredo Garcia-Pérez The experiment consisted of three treatments with three replicates each. The stocking rates for the prawn monoculture, fish monoculture and polyculture treatments were respectively: 7 prawns/m2, 1 tilapia/M2, and 7 prawns with 1 tilapia/ m2. The mean stocking size for tilapia and prawn were respectively, 7,8 g and 1,1.3 g. After 145 d of culture, yields and mean weight of tilapia in monoculture and polyculture system were not significantly different. Total yields were 2,942 and 2,769 kg/ha, respectively. Mean weights were 348 g in monoculture and 331 g in polyculture. Yields and mean weight of prawns in monoculture and polyculture were significantly different. Total yields were 1,367 and 951 kg/ha, respectively. Mean weights were 55 g in monoculture and 31 g in polyculture. Total yield in polyculture was 3,720 kg/ha showing an increase over the production separately obtained in prawn and fish monoculture. [source] Inhibition of a novel sperm gelatinase in prawn sperm by the male reproduction-related kazal-type peptidase inhibitorMOLECULAR REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT, Issue 8 2008Ye Li Abstract Previously, we have identified and characterized a male reproduction-related kazal-type peptidase inhibitor (MRPINK) gene from the prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In the present study, MRPINK was discovered to have an inhibitory effect on the gelatinolytic activity of M. rosenbergii sperm and immunofluorescence analysis revealed it bound specifically onto the base of sperm. The proteolytic activity of sperm extracts to vitelline coat components was also detected to be interfered by MRPINK. Furthermore, a novel gelatinase on sperm was found to be specifically inhibited by MRPINK and was named M. rosenbergii sperm gelatinase (MSG). MSG was then isolated and purified by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography combining with gelatinolytic assay. By amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis and molecular cloning, the primary structure of MSG was determined. The data presented in this study provided evidence that MRPINK has an inhibitory effect on the gelatinolytic activity as well as proteolytic activity of prawn sperm and specifically blocks the activity of MSG. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 1327,1337, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Liver oil of pharaoh cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831 as a lipid source in the feed of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man 1879)AQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 3 2009G. SHYLA Abstract The efficacy of pharaoh cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831) liver lipid in the feed for juveniles of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man 1879) was tested by feeding five experimental diets prepared using clam meat, groundnut oil cake, wheat bran, tapioca powder, vitamin,mineral mixture and cellulose powder as the major ingredients. The test diets T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, containing five levels (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%, respectively) of lipid, extracted from the liver of pharaoh cuttlefish, were fed to 30-day-old prawn juveniles for 60 days, in triplicates and compared against a control. Analysis of variance of the growth parameters showed that the juveniles fed with T2, containing 2% cuttlefish liver lipid with a total lipid content of 9.85% and lipid,carbohydrate ratio of 1 : 3.8, showed significantly better growth (P < 0.05) with the highest weight gain of 118%, greatest food conversion and protein utilization efficiency, and the highest body protein content, although the survival rates remained unaffected among treatments. Growth of the juveniles, however, declined at lipid levels >2%. Addition of cuttlefish liver lipid led to an increase of ,-3 and ,-6 fatty acids in T2, the proportion of ,-6 being higher than the former. The crude lipid content of the body of test animals also increased with the increase in dietary lipid from 1.51% in T1 to 3.27% in T5. The present study indicates that cuttlefish liver lipid can be successfully used as a substitute for conventional lipid sources in rearing juveniles of giant freshwater prawn, an eco-friendly practice in recycling cuttlefish waste , a discarded fishery by-product. [source] Use of Cyclop-eeze as a substitute for Artemia nauplii in larval rearing of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man 1879)AQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 2 2007C. MOHANAKUMARAN NAIR Abstract Four feeding experiments, replacing 25% (T1), 50% (T2), 75% (T3) and 100% (T4), by dry weight, of the live feed Artemia nauplii for Cyclop-eeze, a new larval feed that was claimed to contain the highest known levels of astaxanthin and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, were compared against a control that was fed with Artemia and egg custard alone, to the larvae of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man 1879). Analysis of different production characteristics of the larvae revealed that the highest survival up to postlarvae (PL) stage was obtained for T2 in which 50% of the Artemia nauplii were replaced by Cyclop-eeze [freeze-dried (FD) deep frozen (DF)], and the highest astaxanthin content of the larval tissue obtained in T4 in which the larvae were fed 100% Cyclop-eeze, although the survival rate was the lowest in this treatment. The costs of different treatments were also compared. The Artemia consumption million,1 larvae was the highest in control (11490 g), followed by T1 (8240 g), T2 (4990 g), T3 (3730 g) and T4, which completely replaced Artemia from stage 5 onwards (1830 g). The highest consumption of Cyclop-eeze million,1 larvae was in T4 (1670 and 10 880 g), followed by T3 (850 and 5560 g), T2 (410 and 2690 g) and T1 (230 and 1490 g) of FD and DF, respectively. The astaxanthin contents of the late-stage larvae fed under the four treatments were 24.90, 27.40, 28.60 and 35.60 ,g g,1 tissue for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively, while that of the control was 23.70 ,g g,1. The lowest cost of live feeds million,1 PL was obtained for T2 (US$ 428.60), followed by T1 (US$ 490.46), control (US$ 529.07) and T3 (US$ 583.26), while it was the highest for T4 (US$ 890.93). The results indicated that Cyclop-eeze could economically replace Artemia nauplii at 50% level that could significantly improve the survival and carotenoid composition of the larvae of M. rosenbergii. [source] Effects of selective harvesting and claw ablation of all-male freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii ) on water quality, production and economics in polyculture pondsAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 10 2010Sheikh Md. Abstract The effects of selective harvesting (SH) and claw ablation (CA) of blue-clawed (BC) prawns on an all-male freshwater prawn,finfish polyculture system were compared with control (Co) in quadruplicate. Ponds were stocked with all-male freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, catla Catla catla and mola Amblypharyngodon mola at 12 000, 2000, 500 and 20 000 ha,1 respectively. Prawns were fed with pelleted feed. Ponds were fertilized regularly with urea, triple super phosphate and cow-dung. SH of BC prawns in treatment SH and CA in treatment CA started on the 60th day during a 137-day culture and continued at 15-day intervals until the final harvest. Water quality parameters and plankton abundance did not vary significantly (P>0.05) among the treatments. Treatment SH resulted in a higher (P<0.05) net production of freshwater prawn (437 kg ha,1), with better survival and mean weight, followed by CA (354 kg ha,1) and Co (322 kg ha,1). The combined net production of prawn plus finfish was also higher in SH (1244 kg ha,1) as compared with CA (1161 kg ha,1) and Co (1137 kg ha,1), although the finfish production did not differ significantly. The periodic SH of BC prawns showed a better economic return with a BCR of 1.71. [source] Density effects of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and catla Catla catla on the production system in all-male freshwater prawn,finfish polyculture pondsAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 10 2010Sheikh Md. Abstract The effects of three different combinations of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and catla Catla catla density on the production system in all-male freshwater prawn,finfish polyculture ponds were evaluated in triplicate. The stocking density of silver carp and catla, respectively, were maintained at 2000 and 500 ha,1 in treatment SC2000C500, 1500 and 1000 ha,1 in treatment SC1500C1000 and 1000 and 1500 ha,1 in treatment SC1000C1500. Male freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and small fish mola Amblypharyngodon mola densities were fixed in all treatments at 12 000 and 20 000 ha,1 respectively. Management practices were same for all treatments. Blue-clawed male prawns were harvested twice during the 122-day culture at 15-day intervals before the final harvest. Plankton and macro-benthos abundance and water quality parameters (except transparency and chlorophyll a) did not vary significantly (P>0.05) among treatments. Mean final weights of both silver carp and catla were decreased with the increasing of their own stocking density. The treatment SC1500C1000 resulted in 25,32% increased net production of silver carp plus catla (461 kg ha,1) and 20,21% increased net production of all species combined (874 kg ha,1) as compared with the other treatments, although the differences in production of prawn and mola among treatments were not significant. [source] Probiotic effect of Bacillus NL110 and Vibrio NE17 on the survival, growth performance and immune response of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 9 2010K M Mujeeb Rahiman Abstract Eight hundred and eighty-five strains of bacterial isolates from various samples associated with the natural habitat of Macrobrachium rosenbergii were screened for their probiotic potential. Two putative probionts namely Bacillus NL110 and Vibrio NE17 isolated from the larvae and egg samples, respectively, were selected for experimental studies and were introduced to the juveniles of M. rosenbergii (0.080±0.001 g) through different modes such as through feed, water and both. The probiotic potential of the above bacteria in terms of improvements in water quality, growth, survival, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio and immune parameters was evaluated. The treatment groups showed a significant improvement in SGR and weight gain (P<0.001). Survival among different treatment groups was better than that in the control group. There were also significant improvements in the water quality parameters such as the concentration of nitrate and ammonia in the treatment groups (P<0.05). Improvements in immune parameters such as the total haemocyte count (P<0.05), phenoloxidase activity and respiratory burst were also significant (P<0.001). It is concluded that screening of the natural microflora of cultured fish and shellfish for putative probionts might yield probiotic strains of bacteria that could be utilized for an environment-friendly and organic mode of aquaculture. [source] Osmoregulation, growth and moulting cycles of the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) at different salinitiesAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 9 2010Do Thi Thanh Huong Abstract The giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is a species with a high commercial value in aquaculture. Two experiments were performed to determine the effects of salinities on the osmoregulation, growth and molting cycles of M. rosenbergii during growout. The first experiment was designed to determine whether these animals are capable of adapting to the changes in salinity seen in salinity intrusions in tropical deltas, with an incremental increase in salinity of 3, per day from 0, to 30, Haemolymph osmolality was rapidly regulated up to salinities of 15, , whereas animals conformed at higher salinities. The second experiment determined the growth, moulting cycle, osmolality, muscle water content and mortality during a 4-month experiment at 0,, 15, or 25, salinity. The weight gains in 0, and 15, were not significantly different and were comparable to the growth rates achieved in production farms with body mass increases of 2.6 and 2.3-fold their initial body mass, respectively, after 4 months. The 25, group suffered from low growth, high mortality and a significantly lower moulting frequency. These data show that this species can be reared in brackish water up to 15,, allowing for farming in the large areas impacted by salt water intrusions in tropical deltas. [source] Effects of different dosages of astaxanthin on giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) challenged with Lactococcus garvieaeAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 1 2009Isagani P Angeles Jr Abstract The effects of astaxanthin (AX) injected at 0.67 and 1.34 nmol g,1 BW,1 on the survival, antioxidant capacity, total haemocyte count (THC) and hepatopancreas astaxanthin content of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, challenged with Lactococcus garvieae were evaluated. AX-injected M. rosenbergii at 1.34 nmol g,1 BW,1 had significantly (P,0.05) higher survival rates. However, AX showed no significant effects on the capacity of certain antioxidant indicators (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase). This implies that L. garvieae infection suppressed the activity of the haemolymph antioxidant system of infected M. rosenbergii. This result suggests that the two different dosages used in this study could not exert significant effects on the tested antioxidant capacity of L. garvieae -infected M. rosenbergii. On the other hand, AX-injected M. rosenbergii at either dose showed a significant increase in the THC and hepatopancreas AX content when compared with the challenged control group. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the injected AX led to an improvement in M. rosenbergii's resistance against L. garvieae infection. [source] Effects of all-male, mixed-sex and all-female freshwater prawn in polyculture with major carps and molas in the fallow rice fieldsAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 1 2009Mrityunjoy Kunda Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of all-male, mixed-sex and all-female freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in a polyculture with major carps (Catla catla and Labeo rohita) and self-recruiting small fish molas (Amblypharyngodon mola) in the fallow rice fields of Bangladesh. There were three treatments with three replicates. All ponds were stocked with carps and molas plus either all-male prawns (treatment MP), mixed-sex prawns (MFP) or all-female prawns (FP). Prawn, mola, catla and rohu were stocked 20 000, 20 000, 1750 and 750 ha,1, respectively, in all treatments. The prawns were fed twice daily, starting at 8% body weight and gradually reduced to 3% body weight. The fish were fed in the morning with mustard oil cake and rice bran (1:2 ratios) at 3% body weight. Significantly higher production of prawns (697 kg ha,1) was obtained in treatment MP, which yielded 34.7% and 56.2% more production than MFP and FP respectively. Significantly higher total production of 1620 kg ha,1 and a higher benefit,cost ratio of 2.10:1 were also obtained in treatment MP. It can be concluded that an all-male prawn culture is economically more viable than all-female and mixed-sex prawn cultures, along with other fish like major carps and the nutrient-dense molas in the polyculture. [source] Effects of including catla and tilapia in a freshwater prawn,mola polyculture in a rotational rice,fish culture systemsAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 9 2009Mrityunjoy Kunda Abstract An on-farm trial was carried out from February to June 2006 to evaluate the growth and production performance of catla (Catla catla) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and mola (Amblypharyngodon mola) in farmer's rice fields. In all treatments, 20 000 mola ha,1 and 20 000 prawn ha,1 were stocked. Besides, stocking included 2500 catla ha,1 in treatment-I, 2500 tilapia ha,1 in treatment-II and catla and tilapia at 1250 ha,1 each in treatment-III . Prawns were fed in the evening with pellets at a feeding rate of 3,8% body weight (initially 8% and gradually decreased to 3%). Catla and tilapia were fed in the morning with a paste of mustard oil cake and rice bran at a feeding rate of 3% body weight. Significantly higher combined production of fish and prawn observed was 2142 kg ha,1 in treatment-I. The benefit:cost ratio was found to be significantly higher in treatment-I than in treatment-II and there were no differences between treatments I and III. From the production and economic point of view, treatment-I was found to be the best proposition for the rotational rice,fish culture systems. [source] Effect of fishmeal replacement with Artemia biomass as a protein source in practical diets for the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergiiAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 6 2009Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh Abstract A 30-day feeding experiment was conducted in 160-L plastic tanks to evaluate the potential use of Artemia biomass as a protein source in practical diets for postlarval Macrobrachium rosenbergii (initial mean weight of 12.12,12.29 mg). Nine isoenergetic and isonitrogenous experimental diets (approximately 40% crude protein) were formulated by replacing levels of the fishmeal (FM) protein difference either with dried or frozen Artemia (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%). The 0%Artemia treatment, in which Peruvian FM was the only main protein source, was considered to be the control diet. The results showed that prawn postlarvae (PLs) fed the FM control diet had a lower survival (46%) compared with all Artemia diets. Significant differences (P<0.05) were, however, only found at 75% and 100%Artemia protein inclusion levels (survival of 68,77%). A gradual increase in growth performance (live weight gain, specific growth rate and total length) of the prawns was achieved on increasing dietary inclusion of Artemia protein. Additionally, the size distribution exhibited the same response as growth performance. However, prawns fed the frozen Artemia diets showed a better performance than the ones fed the dried Artemia diets. It can be suggested that Artemia biomass may totally replace FM in practical diets for PLs of the freshwater prawn M. rosenbergii. [source] Identification and partial characterization of selected proteolytic enzymes in the digestive system of giant freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) PostlarvaeAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 5 2009Mohamed Ayaz Hasan Chisty Abstract Biochemical assays and substrate SDS-PAGE were conducted to partially characterize and identify various types of proteases present in the digestive tract of PL15 giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Casein hydrolytic assay of the enzyme extracts showed major proteolytic activities at pH 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0, while assay of preincubated enzyme extracts with phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride (PMSF), a serine protease inhibitor produced a 33.17% reduction in alkaline protease activity. When specific inhibitors tosyl-lysine chloromethyl ketone and tosyl-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone were used, they resulted in a reduction in activity of proteases in the enzyme extracts by 82.41% and 55.03%, respectively, confirming the presence of trypsin and chymotrypsin, while ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid produced protease activity reduction in 33.92% showing the presence of metalloproteases in the digestive tract of the prawn. Further characterization of the alkaline proteases using SDS-PAGE technique, after incubating the extract in the presence or absence of specific inhibitors, produced six bands corresponding to molecular masses of between 13.48 and 136.1 kDa; two trypsin bands of 13.48 and 36.4 kDa, three chymotrypsin bands in the range of 23.0,73.4 kDa and one for metalloprotease of 136.1 kDa, all of which were identified from a zymogram. This study suggests that protein digestion in M. rosenbergii is initiated by an acid protease followed by a combination of action of alkaline proteases: trypsin, chymotrypsin and metalloproteases. [source] Freshwater prawn farming in Bangladesh: history, present status and future prospectsAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 8 2008Nesar Ahmed Abstract Within the overall agro-based economy in Bangladesh, freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farming is currently one of the most important sectors of the national economy. During the last two decades, its development has attracted considerable attention for its export potential. Freshwater prawn farming offers diverse livelihood opportunities for a large number of rural poor. Although the prospects for prawn farming are positive, it requires some research and development activities for long-term sustainability. This paper provides an overview of freshwater prawn farming in Bangladesh. [source] Growth and carcass composition of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man), fed different isonitrogenous and isocaloric dietsAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 13 2007Akhil Gupta Abstract A feeding experiment was conducted for 135 days to observe the effect of different isonitrogenous (35% crude protein) and isocaloric (385 kcal) diets on the growth and carcass composition of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man 1879). Three experimental diets (ED1, ED2 and ED3) were prepared using locally available ingredients. These diets differed mainly in terms of percent contribution of major protein sources such as fish meal, soybean meal, groundnut oil cake and mustard oil cake. Experimental diets were evaluated against a commercial diet, which served as the control (CD). Juveniles 1.87,2.44 g in size were stocked at a population density of 40 000 ha,1 and fed thrice daily at 10% in the beginning and reducing gradually to 7% and 5% of the body weight during the experimental period. No significant differences (P>0.05) in the growth performance were observed; however, a significantly (P<0.05) higher yield (721.9 kg ha,1 135 days,1) was recorded for prawn fed with control diet, followed by experimental diet 2 (676.5 kg ha,1 135 days,1, having soybean meal as a major protein source). The survival ranged between 63.8% and 77.7%, with different diets showing significantly higher survival. The apparent feed conversion ratio values of diets ranged between 3.15 and 3.49, with experimental and control diets showing non-significantly lower AFCR values. At the end of the experiment, representative specimens from each treatment were collected and their carcass composition was measured. Analysis of variance showed that carcass protein and total carbohydrate contents were significantly (P<0.05) higher in prawns fed on a fish,soybean meal-based diet (ED3) and a control diet. The total lipid contents of prawns, however, did not differ significantly among the various dietary treatments. The results of our study suggest that the experimental diets could be used effectively for M. rosenbergii without compromising growth and flesh quality. [source] Low-cost diet for monoculture of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man) in BangladeshAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 3 2007Md Arshad Hossain Abstract An experiment was conducted for 3 months in 12 experimental ponds, each of 30 m2, with a view to develop a low-cost diet for monoculture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in ponds. Three experimental diets (30% protein) were formulated using fish meal, meat and bone meal, mustard oilcake, sesame meal and rice bran in different combinations partially replacing fish meal by meat and bone meal and sesame meal and assigned to treatments T1, T2 and T3 respectively. A commercial golda feed (Starter-III) was assigned to T4 (reference diet). Each treatment had three replicates. Juveniles of M. rosenbergii (2.90±0.21 g) were stocked at the rate of 40 000 ha,1. Prawns were fed three times daily at the rate of 10% and 5% of their body weight at the beginning and for the last 2 months respectively. The ponds were provided with aeration during the night using air pumps. The ranges of water quality parameters recorded in different ponds were: temperature 28.9,32.5°C, dissolved oxygen 5.1,8.1 mg L,1 and pH 6.4,7.7. The results showed that the weight gain of prawns fed diet 1 was significantly higher (P<0.05) than those fed diets 2 and 3, but was not significantly different from those fed diet 4 (reference diet). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) values of diets ranged between 2.21 and 2.96 with diets 1 and 4 showing significantly lower (P<0.05) FCR values. The survivals (%) ranged between 68% and 78% with prawns fed diets 1 and 4 showing significantly higher survival. The production of prawn ranged between 921 and 1428 kg ha,1 and diet 1 resulted in a significantly high (P<0.05) production. A simple economic analysis showed that diet 1 generated the maximum net profit of Tk 159 178 ha,1. The results of the study showed that a diet containing 20% fish meal, 10% meat and bone meal, 15% mustard oilcake, 15% sesame meal, 35% rice bran, 4% molasses and 1% vitamin,mineral premixes may be recommended to the farmers for monoculture of M. rosenbergii in ponds. [source] Economic analysis of monosex culture of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii De Man): a case studyAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 9 2006C Mohanakumaran Nair Abstract All-male monosex culture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) has emerged as a popular practice in India, especially in the state of Andhra Pradesh. A study was conducted to compare the economics of all-male, mixed and all-female culture in 15 adjacent, rectangular ponds of 4000 m2 each by stocking juveniles previously reared in a nursery for 60 days. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with three treatments; T1 (all male), T2 (mixed) and T3 (all female), and five replicates for a period of 5 months after the nursery phase. Statistical analysis showed highly significant (P<0.01) differences among the three types of culture. The cost of production was estimated and the economic feasibility of the culture methods was evaluated by cost-return and partial budgeting analysis. The average weight, productivity and specific growth rate were the highest for all male culture, being 80.92±2.41 g, 1532 kg ha,1 and 1.97±0.02 respectively. All-female culture registered significantly higher survival (89.16±0.77%) and the best apparent feed conversion ratio of 1.26±0.02. The economic analysis revealed that all-male monosex culture of M. rosenbergii was 63.13% and 60.20% more profitable than mixed and all-female cultures respectively. [source] The androgenic gland and monosex culture of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man): a biotechnological perspectiveAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 3 2005Amir Sagi Abstract Males of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) grow faster and reach a larger size at harvest than females of the species. It is thus obvious that culture of monosex all-male populations would be economically advantageous. Sexual differentiation in crustaceans is regulated by the androgenic gland (AG), which plays a pivotal role in the regulation of male differentiation and in the inhibition of female differentiation. In M. rosenbergii, AG removal from immature males resulted in sex reversal, with complete female differentiation. Similarly, AG implantations into immature females lead to the development of the male reproductive system. Sex-reversed M. rosenbergii animals were capable of mating with normal specimens to produce offspring. Early attempts in Israel and more recently, attempts in other countries to establish all-male populations through manual segregation showed that for the production of monosex prawn populations to be economically feasible, intervention via the AG is probably required. However, a suitable biotechnology is still to be developed, and an androgenic hormone has yet to be identified in decapods. Three lines of aquacultural and biotechnological research and development are proposed for the future: (1) Establishment of monosex cultures through manual segregation, together with the application of selective harvesting and claw ablation, as well as examination of different monosex culture strategies under a variety of economic conditions. (2) Microsurgical intervention in the AG, leading to the development of functional neo-females, which would subsequently be mated with normal males to produce all-male progeny. (3) Elucidation of AG bioactive products to enable biochemical or molecular manipulation of sex differentiation. [source] Management strategies associating batch-graded and size-graded postlarvae can reduce heterogeneous individual growth in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 15 2002K Ranjeet Abstract Two sets of adaptive trials were performed to determine the effects of size grading and batch grading on size heterogeneity in cultured Macrobrachium rosenbergii raised in the Coconut Garden channels of Kuttanad, Southern India. In the first set of trials, postlarvae were batch graded on the basis of their hatching order, segregated and grown separately as first-hatched and second-hatched groups. In the second set of trials, postlarvae were size graded as jumpers and laggards and were grown in separate channels. The average weight attained by prawns after 10 months of culture was highest for jumpers (83.11 g) and lowest for the prawns from the first-hatched group (43.76 g). The percentage of males was highest in the population of jumpers (58.23%). Highest production was recorded in the channel stocked with postlarvae from the second-hatched group (103.4 kg ha,1) and lowest production was obtained from the first-hatched group (63.74 kg ha,1). The proportions of undesirable small males were highest among laggards and the first-hatched group: 24.8% and 15.1% respectively. The level of heterozygosity within morphotypes was also high in these groups. Jumpers attained good growth by the end of culture but, because of their low survival rate, this approach was not economically feasible. However, higher production and survival in the second-hatched group improved economic viability. Thus, for better results, stocking with later-hatched groups would be more appropriate than stocking with the first-hatched group. [source] | ||||||||||