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Maximum Bite Force (maximum + bite_force)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	92%

Selected Abstracts

Maximum bite force after the replacement of complete dentures

JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 9 2002
F. MÜLLER
In complete denture wearers the maximum bite force (MBF) is known to be considerably lower than in dentate people. Low MBF might therefore be an indication of poor denture fit but there is limited evidence on this. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether MBF can be improved by the replacement of complete dentures for elderly people. Nine edentulous volunteers, average age 74·2 ± 5·5 years and average denture experience 19·4 ± 19·5 years (1,50 years), had replacement dentures made. Functional impressions were taken after border moulding using zinc oxide eugenol paste. After a rehearsal session, MBF was recorded with the old dentures, and with the new dentures immediately at insertion, at 3, 8 days, 2,3 weeks, 1, 2, 3 and 6,10 months post-insertion (p.i.). The MBF was recorded with the central bearing point method using a full-bridge strain gauge with a confirmed linearity from 1 to 1000 N and an accuracy of ±1 N. Data were analysed off-line using the mean of two peak readings per patient per session. The results indicate that MBF tended to be impaired when replacement dentures were first fitted (n.s.). However, this trend reversed during the first month p.i. for patients with a ,moderate' lower ridge resorption of Atwood (1963) grade 3 or 4 (n=5). Patients with more severe lower ridge resorption (Atwood grade 5 or 6; n=4) showed a significantly lower MBF over the entire observation period (P=0·05) and took longer to regain bite strength. Only patients with moderate bone resorption exceeded their pre-insertion level of MBF within the observation period of 6,10 months p.i. In contrast to one report of immediate improvement of MBF at insertion of a new or relined denture (Leyka et al., 2000), the present study suggests that, at least for elderly patients with severe bone resorption, delayed improvement of MBF should be expected. [source]

Comparison of maximum bite force and dentate status between healthy and frail elderly persons

JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 6 2001
H. Miura
The purpose of the present study was to (1) determine the standard value of maximum bite force and to (2) compare the maximum bite force of the elderly between healthy and frail subjects. Subjects included 349 healthy elderly individuals (149 males, 200 females) and 24 frail elderly individuals (seven males, 17 females) ranging from 65 to 74 years of age. Maximum bite force was evaluated using a Dental Prescale systemÔ. The maximum bite force of the healthy subjects was significantly higher than that of the frail subjects in both males (P=0·020) and females (P=0·015). However, no significant difference was observed in the number of present teeth between the healthy and frail subjects. Median of maximum bite force in healthy males was 408,0 N, and that of the healthy females was 243,5 N. These results suggest that the frail elderly have latent bite force problems. [source]

Ultrasound parameters of bone health and related physical measurement indicators for the community-dwelling elderly in Japan

GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2007
Wei Sun
Deteriorated bone strength, which approaches osteoporosis, increases the likelihood that an elderly person will not able to live independently. However, few data are available pertaining to bone health and various physical objective indicators. The aim of the present study was to objectively assess bone health by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and identify related physical measurement indicators among the elderly to aid the health promotion strategies in Japan. A cross-sectional study was performed at five welfare centers for the aged in the suburban area of Takatsuki city, Japan. Subjects comprised community-dwelling persons (134 men, 240 women) aged ,60 years and registered at welfare centers. QUS of the right-heel was conducted and recorded as stiffness index (SI). Physical factors including body components (fat and muscle mass), handgrip strength, daily physical activity, daily walking steps, maximum and usual walking speed and maximum bite force were examined objectively during the period May,June 2005. SI in women was lower than that in men (P < 0.01) and decreased significantly with age (P < 0.01). The SI correlated with six physical items in men and with all items in women. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that muscle mass, usual walking speed and maximum bite force were the strongest physical indicators of male SI; and muscle mass, maximum walking speed and maximum bite force were the strongest indicators of female SI. Muscle training, daily walking exercise and oral health care should be included in health promotion programs for the bone health of elderly women and men in Japan. [source]

Evolution of bite performance in turtles

JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Issue 6 2002
A. Herrel
Abstract Among vertebrates, there is often a tight correlation between variation in cranial morphology and diet. Yet, the relationships between morphological characteristics and feeding performance are usually only inferred from biomechanical models. Here, we empirically test whether differences in body dimensions are correlated with bite performance and trophic ecology for a large number of turtle species. A comparative phylogenetic analysis indicates that turtles with carnivorous and durophagous diets are capable of biting harder than species with other diets. This pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that an evolutionary increase in bite performance has allowed certain turtles to consume harder or larger prey. Changes in carapace length tend to be associated with proportional changes in linear head dimensions (no shape change). However, maximum bite force tends to change in proportion to length cubed, rather than length squared, implying that changes in body size are associated with changes in the design of the jaw apparatus. After the effect of body size is accounted for in the analysis, only changes in head height are significantly correlated with changes in bite force. Additionally, our data suggest that the ability to bite hard might trade off with the ability to feed on fast agile prey. Rather than being the direct result of conflicting biomechanical or physiological demands for force and speed, this trade-off may be mediated through the constraints imposed by the need to retract the head into the shell for defensive purposes. [source]

Evaluation of maximal bite force in temporomandibular disorders patients

JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 8 2006
E. M. KOGAWA
summary, The aim of this study was to evaluate the maximum bite force in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients. Two hundred women were equally divided into four groups: myogenic TMD, articular TMD, mixed TMD and control. The maximum bite force was measured in the first molar area, on both sides, in two sessions, using an IDDK (Kratos) Model digital dynamometer, adapted to oral conditions. Three-way anova, Tukey and Pearson correlation tests were used for the statistical analysis. The level of statistical significance was given when P , 0·05. The maximal bite force values were significantly higher in the control group than in the experimental ones (P = 0·00), with no significant differences between sides. Higher values were obtained in the second session (P = 0·001). Indeed, moderate negative correlation was found between age and bite force, when articular, mixed groups and all groups together were evaluated. A moderate negative correlation was also detected between TMD severity and the maximal bite force values for myogenic, mixed and all groups together. Authors concluded that the presence of masticatory muscle pain and/or TMJ inflammation can play a role in maximum bite force. The mechanisms involved in this process, however, are not well understood and deserve further investigation. [source]

Biofeedback experiments with a submaximal jaw closing force

JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 9 2002
H. A. JAKSTAT
Temporomandibular disorders are often accompanied with pain in the elevator muscles such as Mm. Masseterici and Mm. Temporales. In most experiments measurement of the closing force of these muscles was conducted with maximum bite force using EMG-devices. The experiments presented here were conducted using visual or audible biofeedback using force transducers. Visual feedback was presented on a computer screen using geometrical graphics. Audible feedback used two different signals, the frequency of these audio signals was modulated. The force was chosen between 5 and 30 N, which is near the forces actually used for chewing, but far less than maximum clenching force. The persons chosen for the experiments were divided into two groups: A group of younger persons did not wear any removable dentures, a group of older persons was wearing a total prosthesis of the upper and lower jaw. The results were processed statistically and graphically. The goal for the persons conducting the experiments was to select a closing force as near as possible to the given force which was shown using the biofeedback. The actual force used by the person was also shown. There were no statistically significant differences in the results using 5, 10 or 30 N as given force. Results showed that older edentulous patients can modulate the chewing force not as exactly as younger persons. Especially when using low closing forces (5 N) the edentulous persons showed less exactness in reaching the given closing force. The results of the experiments may be used to develop a test to determine the capability of older patients to perform exact closing (and chewing) movements. [source]

Maximum bite force after the replacement of complete dentures

The effects of isometric exercise on maximum voluntary bite forces and jaw muscle strength and endurance

JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 10 2001
D. J. Thompson
The effects of training and exercise on the strength and endurance of limb muscles has been investigated extensively, but the response of the jaw muscles to exercise remains poorly known. The purpose of this study was to determine whether short-term isometric training increases strength and endurance of the superficial masseter and anterior temporalis muscles. Maximum and submaximum voluntary bite forces and corresponding electromyographic (EMG) activity were measured in 28 young adults, randomly divided into exercise and non-exercise (control) groups. Subjects in the exercise group performed isometric clenches against a soft maxillary splint for five 1-min sessions per day over a 6-week period. After exercise, subjects increased their maximum bite forces by 37%, but control subjects' bite forces also increased by 25%. After exercise, EMG levels per unit of bite force generally decreased, but similar decreases were also seen in the non-exercised controls. Masseter muscle activity levels during standardized 10-kg bites decreased after 6 weeks of exercise. Fatigue resistance increased significantly with exercise but did not differ significantly from control values after 6 weeks of exercise. The results of this study indicate that increases in maximum bite force can be easily produced with training, but that actual strengthening of the jaw muscles is more difficult to achieve. [source]

Comparison of maximum bite force and dentate status between healthy and frail elderly persons

Quantitative study of bite force during sleep associated bruxism

JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 5 2001
K. Nishigawa
Nocturnal bite force during sleep associated bruxism was measured in 10 subjects. Hard acrylic dental appliances were fabricated for the upper and lower dentitions of each subject. Miniature strain-gauge transducers were mounted to the upper dental appliance at the right and left first molar regions. In addition, thin metal plates that contact the strain-gauge transducers were attached to the lower dental appliance. After a 1-week familiarization with the appliances, nocturnal bite force was measured for three nights at the home of each subject. From the 30 recordings, 499 bruxism events that met the definition criteria were selected. The above described system was also used to measure the maximum voluntary bite forces during the daytime. The mean amplitude of detected bruxism events was 22·5 kgf (s.d. 13·0 kgf) and the mean duration was 7·1 s (s.d. 5·3 s). The highest amplitude of nocturnal bite force in individual subjects was 42·3 kgf (15·6,81·2 kgf). Maximum voluntary bite force during the daytime was 79·0 kgf (51·8,99·7 kgf) and the mean ratio of nocturnal/daytime maximum bite force was 53·1% (17·3,111·6%). These data indicate that nocturnal bite force during bruxism can exceed the amplitude of maximum voluntary bite force during the daytime. [source]

The effect of maximum bite force on marginal bone loss in mandibular overdenture treatment: an in vivo study

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 5 2005
Frits Van Kampen
Abstract: The impact of bite force on the marginal bone response around implants is a subject of debate. This study focused on the effect of maximum bite force on marginal bone levels in mandibular implant overdenture treatment. In addition, the effect of the sequence of 3 different loading conditions on marginal bone loss was evaluated in vivo. The patient population consisted of a group of 18 patients. They received 2 implants in the mandible and a new denture without attachments during the period of submerged implant healing. After second stage surgery, the denture was provided with a ball, magnet or bar-clip attachment. There was a transition of attachment type after 3 and 6 months of function. The sequence in which the attachments were used was randomised. Radiographic marginal bone loss was measured after the period of submerged implant healing and after 3, 6 and 9 months of functional implant loading. Maximum bite force measurements were obtained just prior to second stage surgery with the new denture without attachment. Bite force measurements were also obtained after 3, 6 and 9 months of loading with the implant-retained overdenture. The latter 3 values were averaged. The mean bone loss during the period of submerged healing and during functional loading was 1.7 mm (0.7 mm) and 1.3 mm (0.6 mm), respectively. A relationship between maximum bite force during the period of submerged healing or during the period of functional loading on the one hand and the amount of marginal bone loss on the other could not be demonstrated. The sequence in which the different attachment types were used did not influence the observed amount of marginal bone loss. Résumé L'impact des forces d'occlusion sur la réponse de l'os marginal autour d'implants est sujet à débat. Cette étude s'est centrée sur l'effet de la force d'occlusion maximale sur les niveaux d'os marginaux dans le traitement de prothèses mandibulaires sur implants. De plus l'effet de la séquence de trois conditions de mise en charge différentes sur la perte osseuse marginale a étéévaluée in vivo. Les patients étaient au nombre de douze. Ils avaient reçu deux implants dans la mandibule et une nouvelle prothèse sans attache durant la période de guérison lorsque les implants étaient enfouis. Après la deuxième chirurgie, la prothèse amovible a été utilisée avec une boule, un aimant ou une barre comme attache. Il y avait une transition du type d'attache après trois et six mois de mise en fonction. La séquence suivant laquelle les attaches étaient utilisées était effectuée au hasard. La perte osseuse marginale radiographique a été mesurée après la période de guérison des implants enfouis et après trois, six et neuf mois de mise en fonction. Les mesures de force d'occlusion maximale ont été obtenues juste avant la deuxième chirurgie avec la nouvelle prothèse sans attache. Les mesures de forces d'occlusion ont également été obtenues après trois, six et neuf mois de mise en charge lorsque les implants retenaient la prothèse. Les trois dernières valeurs ont été mélangées. Les pertes osseuses moyennes durant la période de guérison avec les implants enfouis et durant la charge de mise en fonction étaient respectivement de 1,7±0,7 mm et de 1,3±0,6 mm. Une relation entre la force d'occlusion maximale durant la période de guérison avec les implants enfouis ou durant la période de mise en charge fonctionnelle d'une part et la quantité de perte osseuse marginale d'autre part n'a pas pûêtre démontrée. La séquence dans laquelle les différents types d'attache ont été utilisés n'influençaient pas la quantité observée de perte osseuse marginale. Zusammenfassung Der Einfluss der Kaukraft auf die Reaktion des marginalen Knochens um Implantate wir immer wieder diskutiert. Diese Studie konzentrierte sich auf den Einfluss der maximalen Kaukraft auf das marginale Knochenniveau bei Unterkieferimplantaten und Hybridprothesen. Zusätzlich untersuchte man in vivo den Einfluss von drei Phasen mit unterschiedlichen Belastungstypen auf den marginalen Knochenverlust. Es handelte sich um eine Gruppe von 18 Probanden. Alle erhielten zwei Implantate im Unterkiefer und eine neue Prothese, während der submukösen Einheilphase der Implantate noch ohne Retentionselemente. Nach der chirurgischen Freilegung der Implantate fixierte man die Prothesen mit einem Kugelanker, einem Magneten oder einem Steg. Der Wechsel zum nächsten Retentionstyp erfolgte jeweils nach 3 bis 6 Monaten normaler Funktion der Prothesen. Die Abfolge, in welcher man die Retentionselemente einsetzte, wurde zufällig ausgewählt. Den radiologischen marginalen Knochenverlust mass man nach der submukösen Einheilphase der Implantate, sowie nach 3, 6 und 9 Monate einer funktionellen Implantatbelastung. Die maximale Kaukraft wurde genau vor der chirurgischen Freilegung der Implantate mit der neuen Prothese und ohne Attachments gemessen. Zusätzliche Messungen der Kaukraft erfolgten 3, 6 und 9 Monate nach funktioneller Belastung der implantatgetragenen Hybridprothesen. Die letzten drei Werte wurden gemittelt. Der mittlere Knochenverlust während der submukösen Einheilphase betrug 1.7 mm (0.7 mm) und während der funktionellen Belastung 1.3 mm (0.6 mm). Eine Beziehung zwischen der maximalen Kaukraft während der submukösen Einheilung oder während der funktionellen Belastung auf der einen Seite und dem marginalen Knochenverlust auf der anderen Seite konnte nicht gezeigt werden. Die Abfolge, in der die verschiedenen Retentionstypen verwendet wurden, beeinflusste das Ausmass des beobachteten marginalen Knochenverlustes nicht. Resumen El impacto de la fuerza de mordida sobre la respuesta del hueso marginal alrededor de los implantes es motivo de debate. Este estudio está enfocado sobre el efecto de la fuerza de máxima mordida en los niveles de hueso marginal en el tratamiento de sobredentadura mandibular implantosoportada. Además, se evaluó el efecto de la secuencia de 3 condiciones diferentes de carga sobre la pérdida de hueso marginal in vivo. La población de4 pacientes consistió en un grupo de 18 pacientes. Estos recibieron 2 implantes en la mandíbula y una nueva dentadura sin anclajes durante el periodo de cicatrización sumergida de los implantes. Tras la cirugía de segunda fase se suministró una dentadura con anclajes de bola, imanes o barra. Se realizó un cambio en el sistema de anclaje tras 3 y 6 meses en función. La secuencia en la que se emplearon los anclajes fue aleatoria. Se midió la pérdida de hueso marginal radiográfica tras un periodo de cicatrización sumergida y tras 3, 6 y 9 meses de carga funcional de los implantes con la sobredentadura implantosoportada. Los últimos 3 valores se promediaron. La pérdida de hueso media durante el periodo de cicatrización sumergida y durante la carga funcional fue de 1.7 mm (0.7 mm) y 1.3 mm (0.6 mm) respectivamente. No se pudo demostrar una relación entre la fuerza de máxima mordida durante el periodo de cicatrización sumergida o durante el periodo de carga funcional por un lado y la cantidad de pérdida de hueso marginal por otro. La secuencia en la que se emplearon los diferentes tipos de anclajes no influyó en la cantidad de la cantidad de pérdida de hueso marginal observado. [source]