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Mamestra Brassicae (mamestra + brassicae)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Chemistry57%

Selected Abstracts

Resistance of kale varieties to attack by Mamestra brassicae

AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 2 2009
Marķa E. Cartea
Abstract 1,The objectives of this work were to study the resistance of six kale (Brassica oleracea acephala group) varieties to cabbage moth Mamestra brassicae (L.) expressed as antibiosis and to determine the effect of plant age on larval survival and development. 2,The influence of plant age on resistance was determined using leaves from seedlings and from mature plants. Survival and development of M. brassicae larvae and feeding rates were determined in laboratory bioassays. 3,Leaves from seedlings were more suitable than those of mature plants for establishing differences in resistance. There were significant differences between kale varieties in larval survival, growth rate, leaf feeding, and time to pupation but not pupal weight. The varieties MBG-BRS0031, MBG-BRS0351, and MBG-BRS0287 reduced survival of M. brassicae larvae. Larvae that fed on MBG-BRS0060 were the heaviest and took the longest time to pupation. MBG-BRS0031 was consumed significantly less by larvae than were all the other varieties examined. Leaves from mature plants of MBG-BRS0142 and MBG-BRS0170 were defoliated significantly less than those of other varieties. 4,In conclusion, the variety MBG-BRS0031 may be a promising source of resistance to M. brassicae. Leaf antibiotic resistance was shown to play a role in defense against M. brassicae attack but it is not the only possible mechanism of resistance. [source]

Early season herbivore differentially affects plant defence responses to subsequently colonizing herbivores and their abundance in the field

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY, Issue 14 2008
ERIK H. POELMAN
Abstract Induction of plant defences by early season herbivores can mediate interspecific herbivore competition. We have investigated plant-mediated competition between three herbivorous insects through studies at different levels of biological integration. We have addressed (i) gene expression; (ii) insect behaviour and performance under laboratory conditions; and (iii) population dynamics under field conditions. We studied the expression of genes encoding a trypsin inhibitor and genes that are involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis in response to early season herbivory by Pieris rapae caterpillars in Brassica oleracea plants. Furthermore, we studied the interaction of these transcriptional responses with responses to secondary herbivory by the two specialist herbivores, P. rapae and Plutella xylostella, and the generalist Mamestra brassicae. P. rapae -induced responses strongly interacted with plant responses to secondary herbivory. Sequential feeding by specialist herbivores resulted in enhanced or similar expression levels of defence-related genes compared to primary herbivory by specialists. Secondary herbivory by the generalist M. brassicae resulted in lower gene expression levels than in response to primary herbivory by this generalist. Larval performance of both specialist and generalist herbivores was negatively affected by P. rapae- induced plant responses. However, in the field the specialist P. xylostella was more abundant on P. rapae -induced plants and preferred these plants over undamaged plants in oviposition experiments. In contrast, the generalist M. brassicae was more abundant on control plants and preferred undamaged plants for oviposition. P. rapae did not discriminate between plants damaged by conspecifics or undamaged plants. Our study shows that early season herbivory differentially affects transcriptional responses involved in plant defence to secondary herbivores and their population development dependent upon their degree of host plant specialization. [source]

Disruption of responses to pheromone by (Z)-11-hexadecenyl trifluoromethyl ketone, an analogue of the pheromone, in the cabbage armyworm Mamestra brassicae

PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 8 2002
Michel Renou
Abstract The effects of (Z)-11-hexadecenyl trifluoromethyl ketone (Z11-16:TFMK) a fluorinated pheromone analogue, on the responses to sex pheromone of the male cabbage armyworm, Mamestra brassicae, have been investigated in an actograph and by electroantennography (EAG). In spite of its structural proximity with the natural pheromone, Z11-16:TFMK was poorly active in EAG, and not active on male behaviour. When permeated in the air, Z11-16:TFMK reversibly inhibited the electroantennographic responses to (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:Ac), the main component of the sex pheromone. In the actograph, the latency of the activation was increased and the intensity of the behavioural activity of males in response to Z11-16:Ac was significantly reduced in the presence of Z11-16:TFMK. These results, along with others previously reported by us, provide new pointers to the possible use of Z11-16:TFMK in pest-control strategies. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry [source]

Characterization of alternatively spliced transcripts encoding heat shock transcription factor in cultured cells of the cabbage armyworm, Mamestra brassicae

ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2010
Shoji Sonoda
Abstract A gene encoding heat shock transcription factor (HSF) was cloned and sequenced from cultured cells of the cabbage armyworm, Mamestra brassicae. The cDNA potentially encoded a 699-aa protein, with a calculated molecular weight of 77.8,kDa. Deduced amino acid identities to HSFs from Aedes aegypti and Drosophila melanogaster were 36 and 34%, respectively. Analysis of the genomic DNA revealed eight exons and three optional exons: a, b, and c. Exon a contained a premature in-frame stop codon that would generate a truncated protein. When the cells were exposed to high temperature or cadmium, no particular alternative transcripts showed significant up- or down-regulated expression relative to the total amount of the transcripts. These results suggest that alternative splicing may not be a principal mechanism for regulation of M. brassicae HSF gene expression in response to heat shock and cadmium. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]