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Male-to-female Ratio (male-to-female + ratio)
Selected AbstractsPreoperative determinants of common bile duct stones during laparoscopic cholecystectomyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 11 2008A. J. Sheen Summary Introduction:, The aim of this study is to determine whether there are any clinical or biochemical predictors of common bile duct (CBD) stones in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods:, A prospective database of nearly 1000 laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed under the care of a single surgeon with a standardised technique between 1999 and 2006, was analysed. Clinical presentation, ultrasound and immediate preoperative biochemical results as well as the operative cholangiogram findings were reviewed. Routine cholangiography was attempted in most patients and the primary outcome variable was the detection of bile duct stones. The data was analysed using chi-squared test for categorical variables. The significant variables on univariate analysis were further characterised to identify the independent predictors of bile duct stones using a logistic regression model (significance p < 0.05). Results:, A total of 757 of 988 patients (77%) underwent cholangiography. Male-to-female ratio was 1 : 3 with a median age of 54 years (range: 17,93). Ten per cent of patients had bile duct stones identified on cholangiography. On univariate analysis, jaundice (p = 0.019), cholangitis (p < 0.001), alanine transaminase > 100 (p = 0.024), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) > 350 (p < 0.001) and CBD > 10 mm (p = 0.01) were significant markers for predicting bile duct stones. Bilirubin > 30 (×2 normal) was found not to be significant (p = 0.145). On a logistic regression model, ALP > 350 and/or cholangitis were found to be independent predictive factors of CBD stones (odds ratio 6.1). Conclusions:, If a policy of routine intra-operative cholangiography is not adopted, a history of cholangitis or a raised ALP immediately preoperatively should lead to a high suspicion of CBD stones. [source] An analysis of oral and maxillofacial pathology found in adults over a 30-year periodJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 7 2006A. V. Jones Background:, The aim of this study was to determine the range of histologically diagnosed lesions in 44 000 oral and maxillofacial pathology specimens, from adults 17 years and older, submitted for diagnosis to our laboratory over a 30-year period (1973,2002). Materials:, All entries for specimens from the patients were retrieved and compiled into 12 diagnostic categories. Results:, During the period, 44 007 specimens comprised a male-to-female ratio of 0.9:1. The diagnostic category with the largest number of specimens was mucosal pathology (36.0%) followed by odontogenic cysts (13.8%). Malignant tumours accounted for 5.4% of all specimens and benign tumours 4.6%. Conclusion:, This survey showed that while the majority of diagnoses are benign, approximately one in 19 cases required major head and neck surgery for malignant disease. [source] Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in childrenPEDIATRIC TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 1 2008Sinasi Sevmis Abstract:, We present our experience with living-donor liver transplantation in the treatment of nine children with hepatocellular carcinoma. Between January 2001 and March 2007, we performed 81 liver transplantations in 79 children at our center. Nine of the 79 children (11.3%; mean age, 9.7 ± 5.5 yr; age range, 12 months,16 yr; male-to-female ratio, 2:1) underwent an living-donor liver transplantation because of hepatocellular carcinoma. Two of nine children received right lobe grafts, three received left lateral segment grafts, and the remaining four children received a left lobe graft. According to the TNM staging system, two children had stage 1 carcinoma, three had stage 2, and four had stage 4A1. The mean follow-up was 19.8 ± 10.6 months (range: 7,32 months). There has been only one tumor recurrence, which occurred in the omentum 26 months after liver transplantation. There was no evidence of recurrence or AFP elevation in the other eight children. Both graft and patient survival rates are 100%. In conclusion, liver transplantation is a life-saving procedure for children with chronic liver disease with accompanying hepatocellular carcinoma. During follow-up of patients with chronic liver disease, serial AFP screening and combined radiologic imaging studies should be mandatory. [source] Important Clinical Symptoms in Patients Undergoing Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic RhinosinusitisTHE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 6 2007FRCSC, Francis T. K. Ling MD Abstract Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of individual Rhinosinusitis Task Force (RSTF) symptoms in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data in 201 patients treated with FESS. The prevalence and severity of individual RSTF major and minor symptom scores graded on a visual analogue scale (VAS) were compared. Correlation between absolute improvement in individual symptom scores at 1-year postoperative was performed. Results: One-hundred fifty-eight of 201 patients met inclusion criteria giving a response rate of 78%. The average age was 49.4 (range 18,80) with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1:1. The preoperative leading mean symptom scores were postnasal drip (5.8 ± 0.3), nasal obstruction (5.7 ± 0.3), and facial congestion (5.1 ± 0.3). These symptoms were also the most prevalent with 82%, 84%, and 79% of patients reporting these symptoms, respectively. Postoperative symptom improvements were significant (P < .0001) across all RSTF domains except fever. The highest percentage improvement was seen with facial congestion (93%), nasal obstruction (92%), and postnasal drip (85%). Multivariate analysis revealed significant (P < .0001) high correlation between improvements of facial pain/pressure with facial congestion (R = 0.72), facial congestion with nasal obstruction (R = 0.65), and facial pain/pressure with headache (R = 0.72). Conclusion: The top three RSTF symptoms were postnasal drip, nasal obstruction, and facial congestion in terms of prevalence and severity. Symptom scores improved after FESS. Of these symptoms, the degree of improvement of facial pain/pressure, facial congestion, nasal obstruction, and headache are highly correlated. [source] Changes in the stage and surgical management of renal tumours during 1995,2005: an analysis of the Dutch national histopathology registryBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 8 2008Intan P.E.D. Kümmerlin OBJECTIVE To evaluate changes in the pathological characteristics, stage of primary renal tumours and their surgical management in the Netherlands during the period 1995,2005. METHODS Extracts from the records of all patients who had surgery for primary renal tumours in the Netherlands during the period 1995,2005 were reviewed. Data were collected from PALGA, the nationwide network and archive of histocytopathology. The 2002 Tumour-Node-Metastasis and the three-tier Fuhrman grade were used for staging and grading. RESULTS In all there were 12 471 operations for primary renal masses during the study period. The incidence of surgically removed renal cancers increased from 6.2 in 1995 to 7.5 cases per 100 000 inhabitants (P = 0.005) in 2005. The mean (sd, median) age of the patients was 63.3 (11.9, 65.0) years, with a male-to-female ratio of 3:2. The mean (sd) tumour size of malignant tumours decreased from 7.3 (3.6) to 6.9 (3.7) cm (P = 0.301). The percentage of benign removed tumours remained relatively stable (P = 0.056), with a mean of 5.4% of all resected tumours. There was an increase of grade 1 tumours; the incidence of T1 tumours increased from 36.6% to 44.2%, and advanced tumours decreased from 46.4% to 33.7%, respectively. The percentage of nephron-sparing surgery increased from 3.5% in 1995 to 10.1% (P = 0.003) in 2005, mainly in the T1a tumours. CONCLUSIONS During the last decade there was an increase in the incidence of surgically treated renal tumours in the Netherlands. Tumours with favourable histopathological characteristics, low stage and grade, accounted for most of this increase. The percentage of surgically removed benign tumours remained stable. The use of nephron-sparing surgery increased during the last decade, especially in T1a tumours. [source] RECENT ADVANCES IN FERTILIZATION ECOLOGY OF MACROALGAE,JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, Issue 1 2002Bernabé SantelicesArticle first published online: 19 FEB 200 Our understanding of natural patterns of fertilization in seaweeds has increased substantially over the last 10 years due to new approaches and methods to characterize the nature and frequency of fertilization processes in situ, to recognize the conditions and mechanisms enhancing fertilization success, and to anticipate population and community consequences of the patterns of natural fertilization. Successful reproduction in many species depends on a delicate juxtaposition of abiotic and biotic conditions. Important abiotic factors are those triggering gamete release (e.g. single or interacting effects of light quality and water movement) and those affecting gamete viability or concentrations (e.g. salinity effects on polyspermy blocks; gamete dilution due to water movement). Examples of important biotic components are synchronous gamete release, efficiency of polyspermy-blocking mechanisms, population density of sexually fertile thalli, interparent distances, and male-to-female ratios. Field data indicate fertilization frequencies of 70%,100% in broadcasting-type seaweeds (e.g. fucoids) and 30%,80% in brooding-type (red) algae. Red algal values are higher than previously thought and challenge presently accepted explanations for their complex life histories. Important population and community questions raised by the recent findings relate to the magnitude of gene flow and exchange occurring in many micropopulations that seemingly breed during periods of isolation, the physiological basis and population effects of male-to-male competition and sexual selection during fertilization of brooding seaweeds, and the effects of massive gamete release, especially in holocarpic seaweeds, on benthic and planktonic communities. Comparative studies in other algal groups are now needed to test the generality of the above patterns, to provide critical pieces of information still missing in our understanding of natural fertilization processes, and to elucidate the evolutionary consequences of the different modes of reproduction (e.g. brooders vs. broadcasters). [source] | ||||||||||