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mRNA Signal (mrna + signal)
Selected AbstractsLocalization of nAChR subunit mRNAs in the brain of Macaca mulattaEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 10 2000Zhi-Yan Han Abstract We present here a systematic mapping of nAChR subunit mRNAs in Macaca mulatta brain. A fragment, from the transmembrane segments MIII to MIV of Macaca neuronal nAChR subunits was cloned, and shown to exhibit high identity (around 95%) to the corresponding human subunits. Then, specific oligodeoxynucleotides were synthesized for in situ hybridization experiments. Both ,4 and ,2 mRNA signals were widely distributed in the brain, being stronger in the thalamus and in the dopaminergic cells of the mesencephalon. Most brain nuclei displayed both ,4 and ,2 signals with the exception of some basal ganglia regions and the reticular thalamic nucleus which were devoid of ,4 signal. ,6 and ,3 mRNA signals were selectively concentrated in the substantia nigra and the medial habenula. The strongest signals for ,3 or ,4 mRNAs were found in the epithalamus (medial habenula and pineal gland), whereas there were no specific ,3 or ,4 signals in mesencephalic dopaminergic nuclei. ,5 and ,7 mRNA signals were found in several brain areas, including cerebral cortex, thalamus and substantia nigra, although at a lower level than ,4 and ,2. The distribution of ,3, ,4, ,5, ,6, ,7, ,2, ,3 and ,4 subunit mRNAs in the monkey is substantially similar to that observed in rodent brain. Surprisingly, ,2 mRNA signal was largely distributed in the Macaca brain, at levels comparable with those of ,4 and ,2. This observation represents the main difference between rodent and Macaca subunit mRNA distribution and suggests that, besides ,4,2*, ,2,2* nAChRs constitute a main nAChR isoform in primate brain. [source] Direct Inhibitory Effect of Glucocorticoids on Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone Gene Expression in Neurones of the Paraventricular Nucleus in Rat Hypothalamic Organotypic CulturesJOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 9 2008B. Bali Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the parvocellular neurosecretory neurones of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus governs neuroendocrine stress cascade and is the major target of the negative feedback effect of corticosteroids. To assess whether glucocorticoids exert their inhibitory effect on CRH expression directly on parvocellular neurones or indirectly through a complex neuronal circuit, we examined the effect of corticosterone (CORT) and dexamethasone (DEX) on CRH mRNA levels in slice explant cultures of the rat hypothalamus. Organotypic slice cultures were prepared from 6 days old rat pups and maintained in vitro for 14 days. CRH mRNA expression was measured by in situ hybridisation histochemistry. Under basal conditions, CRH mRNA expressing cells were exclusively revealed in the paraventricular region along the third ventricle. Inhibition of action potential spike activity by tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1 ,m) reduced CRH mRNA signal in the organotypic cultures. CORT (500 nm) or DEX (50 nm) treatment for 24 h significantly inhibited CRH expression in the parvocellular neurones and this effect of corticosteroids was not affected following blockade of voltage dependent sodium channels by TTX. Forskolin-stimulated CRH mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus were also inhibited by CORT or DEX in the presence and in the absence of TTX. These studies identify paraventricular CRH neurones as direct target of corticosteroid feedback. Type II corticosteroid receptor agonists act directly on paraventricular neurones to inhibit basal and forskolin-induced CRH mRNA expression in explant cultures of the rat hypothalamus. [source] Differential expression of transcriptional repressor snail gene at implantation site in mouse uterusMOLECULAR REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT, Issue 2 2006Xing-Hong Ma Abstract The snail superfamily of zinc-finger transcription factors is involved in pronounced cell movements during both embryonic development and tumor progression. This study was to examine snail expression in mouse uterus during early pregnancy and its regulation under pseudopregnancy, delayed implantation, steroid hormone treatment, and artificial decidualization by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. There was a low level of snail mRNA signal and immunostaining in mouse uteri on day 1,4 of pregnancy. When embryo implanted on day 5, both snail mRNA signal and immunostaining were strongly detected in the subluminal stroma immediately surrounding the implanting blastocyst, but not detected in the inter-implantation sites. Under delayed implantation, there was no detectable snail expression. After delayed implantation was terminated by estrogen treatment and embryo implanted, there was a strong level of snail mRNA and immunostaining in the subluminal stroma surrounding the implanting blastocyst, which was similar to that on day 5 of pregnancy. Furthermore, there was no detectable snail expression in mouse uterus on day 5 of pseudopregnancy. From day 6,8 of pregnancy, both snail mRNA signal and immunostaining were detected in the decidua. Our data suggest that snail may play an important role during mouse embryo implantation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] In vitro immunopotentiating properties and tumour cell toxicity induced by Lophophora williamsii (peyote) cactus methanolic extractPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 9 2003M. Franco-Molina Abstract Lophophora williamsii, also known as peyote, is found primarily in dry regions from Central Mexico, including the Mexican States of Nayarit, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas, Nuevo León, Chihuahua, Coahuila and Tamaulipas, to Texas particularly in regions along Rio Grande. Peyote extracts have been associated with stimulating the central nervous system and regulating blood pressure, sleep, hunger and thirst. However, there is no evidence of any effect of peyote on the immune system or against tumour cell growth. The present study was designed to evaluate the in vitro effects of peyote methanolic extracts on some parameters of mouse and human leukocyte immunocompetence and tumour cell growth. Peyote extract (0.18,18 µg/mL) activated nitric oxide production by murine macrophages, and stimulated up to 2.4-fold proliferation of murine thymic lymphocytes. In addition, peyote extract induced up to 1.85-, 2.29- and 1.89-fold increases in mRNA signal of IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 by human leukocytes. Also examined were the effects of peyote extracts on murine lymphoma L5178Y-R and ,broblastoma L929, and human myeloid U937 and mammary gland MCF7 tumour cell growth using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Peyote extracts were toxic for MCF7, L5178Y-R, U937 and L929 (18 mg/mL peyote extract caused 1.3%, 8%, 45% and 60% viability respectively) cell lines. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Localization of Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 mRNA in the Dorsal Root Ganglion of the Pigeon (Columba Livia)ANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 6 2009Y. Atoji Summary Our previous study showed localization of glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) mRNA in neurons of the pigeon spinal cord, suggesting glutamatergic input from intrinsic and extrinsic origins. The present study examined localization of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) mRNA to confirm an extrinsic origin of glutamatergic neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). GluR1 and GluR2 mRNAs were examined in DRG and spinal cord to seek projection regions from VGLUT2 mRNA-expressing neurons. VGLUT2 mRNA was expressed in most DRG neurons and labelling intensity varied from weakly to intensely. Intense VGLUT2 mRNA expression was mainly seen in medium to large neurons. GluR1 and GluR2 mRNAs were expressed in the dorsal horn and GluR2 mRNA signal was also seen in the marginal nucleus. The results suggest that the pigeon DRG has an extrinsic glutamatergic origin that project to the dorsal horn and marginal nucleus of the spinal cord. [source] Localization of nAChR subunit mRNAs in the brain of Macaca mulattaEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 10 2000Zhi-Yan Han Abstract We present here a systematic mapping of nAChR subunit mRNAs in Macaca mulatta brain. A fragment, from the transmembrane segments MIII to MIV of Macaca neuronal nAChR subunits was cloned, and shown to exhibit high identity (around 95%) to the corresponding human subunits. Then, specific oligodeoxynucleotides were synthesized for in situ hybridization experiments. Both ,4 and ,2 mRNA signals were widely distributed in the brain, being stronger in the thalamus and in the dopaminergic cells of the mesencephalon. Most brain nuclei displayed both ,4 and ,2 signals with the exception of some basal ganglia regions and the reticular thalamic nucleus which were devoid of ,4 signal. ,6 and ,3 mRNA signals were selectively concentrated in the substantia nigra and the medial habenula. The strongest signals for ,3 or ,4 mRNAs were found in the epithalamus (medial habenula and pineal gland), whereas there were no specific ,3 or ,4 signals in mesencephalic dopaminergic nuclei. ,5 and ,7 mRNA signals were found in several brain areas, including cerebral cortex, thalamus and substantia nigra, although at a lower level than ,4 and ,2. The distribution of ,3, ,4, ,5, ,6, ,7, ,2, ,3 and ,4 subunit mRNAs in the monkey is substantially similar to that observed in rodent brain. Surprisingly, ,2 mRNA signal was largely distributed in the Macaca brain, at levels comparable with those of ,4 and ,2. This observation represents the main difference between rodent and Macaca subunit mRNA distribution and suggests that, besides ,4,2*, ,2,2* nAChRs constitute a main nAChR isoform in primate brain. [source] Differential expression of a Bombyx mori AHA1 homologue during spermatogenesisINSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2005Y. Miyagawa Abstract The AHA1 (activator of Hsp90 ATPase) family of proteins were exclusively conserved from yeast to humans, but little is known about their tissue distribution or biological function. In this study, a cDNA for a Bombyx mori AHA1 homologue, BmAHA1, was isolated from the testes of larvae on day 3 of the fifth instar using an mRNA differential display method. This cDNA encodes a protein with 341 amino acid residues. Gene expression studies revealed that BmAHA1 mRNA occurred prominently in the testes. In situ hybridization and immunostaining showed that the BmAHA1 mRNA signals were strongly detected in spermatogonial cells and primary spermatocytes at the fifth larval instar stage, whereas the BmAha1 protein was abundant in round and elongated spermatids at the pupal stage. The localization pattern of the accumulated protein in the elongated spermatids was reminiscent of that reported previously for microtubules, but the BmAha1 protein showed a decrease in apparent concentration during maturation process. The stage- and cell-specific expression indicated that BmAha1 might play a role in silkworm spermatogenesis, especially in postmeiotic differentiation. [source] Cloning of two novel P450 cDNAs from German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.): CYP6K1 and CYP6J1INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2001Z. Wen Abstract Two novel P450 cDNAs, CYP6K1 and CYP6J1, were isolated from German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L). Both CYP6K1 and CYP6J1 are typical microsomal P450s and their deduced amino acid sequences share a number of common characteristics with other members of the P450 superfamily. Both CYP6K1 and CYP6J1 showed the highest per cent identity (based on the deduced amino acid sequence) to CYP6L1 from B. germanica and CYP6H1, a putative ecdysone 20-hydroxylase from Locusta migratoria. Using a CYP6K1 probe, two mRNA signals (~2.5 and ~2.1 kb) were detected in all life stages. Both signals were just detectable in the eggs and became stronger in later instars. The strongest signals were detected in the fifth and sixth instars as well as in adults. These two bands were also detected in the abdomens and in the remainder of bodies of both male and female adults. Southern blots suggest the two mRNA bands detected in the Northern blot might be a result of alternative splicing. No signal could be detected at any life stage using the CYP6J1 probe, suggesting that CYP6J1 was expressed at a low level. [source] Immunohistolocalization and Gene Expression of the Carbonic Anhydrase Isoenzymes (CA-II and CA-VI) in Glands Associated with the Canine Lacrimal ApparatusANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 1 2010Y. Sugiura Summary Cytosolic and secretory carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (CA-II and CA-VI, respectively) were detected by immunohistolocalization using specific canine CA-II and CA-VI antisera. CA-II and CA-VI were identified in glands associated with the canine lacrimal apparatus, such as lacrimal gland, superficial gland of the third eyelid (third eyelid gland) and tarsal gland. CA-II and CA-VI mRNA signals were also detected by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in the same tissues. Some serous acinar cells and duct segments in the lacrimal gland and serous acinar cells in the third eyelid gland were immunopositive for anti-CA-II and CA-VI antisera. In particular, some immunopositive acini to CA-II and CA-VI on the edge of the third eyelid gland are histologically similar to sebaceous gland cells. Sebaceous gland cells in the tarsal and ciliary glands also showed immunopositivity to both CA antisera. CA-II and CA-VI gene transcripts were detected in the same regions. These results suggest that secreted CA-VI may form together with cytosolic CA-II, a high-activity isozyme mostly considered as a bicarbonate producer, in a mutually complementary system for the maintenance of bicarbonate levels to regulate pH in tear fluid and protect the corneal epithelia against injuries. In sebaceous gland cells in the lacrimal apparatus, CA-VI may be related to lipogenesis in an unknown function. [source] | |||||||||||||