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MRI Findings (mri + finding)
Selected AbstractsAssessment of cerebral visual impairment with the L94 visual perceptual battery: clinical value and correlation with MRI findingsDEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 3 2009E ORTIBUS MD In this article we describe visual perceptual abilities of a clinical population, referred for visual problems to our multidisciplinary team and assessed with the five computer tasks from the L94 visual perceptual battery. Clinical and neuroimaging findings were correlated with the findings on this task battery. Seventy children (35 males, 35 females) constituted our cohort. Age ranged from 4 to 20 years (mean 7y [SD 3y]). Forty children were born before 37 weeks gestational age. Thirty-six children had cerebral palsy (CP), of whom 24 had spastic diplegia, five had spastic hemiplegia, and four had spastic quadriplegia. Three children had ataxic CP. Perceptual visual impairment (PVI) was established in comparison to the performance age obtained on non-verbal intelligence subtests, instead of chronological age. Our results suggest that children with a history of preterm birth and a clinical CP picture are most at risk for a specific PVI. Correlations among other clinical variables did not define a clinical subgroup more at risk. Children with periventricular leucomalacia were almost equally represented in both PVI and non-PVI groups. Normal magnetic resonance imaging did not exclude the presence of PVI. In these children, however, we found another impairment profile, more in favour of dorsal stream impairment. [source] Two-Dimensional Assessment of Right Ventricular Function: An Echocardiographic,MRI Correlative StudyECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 5 2007Nagesh S. Anavekar M.D. Background: While echocardiography is used most frequently to assess right ventricular (RV) function in clinical practice, echocardiography is limited in its ability to provide an accurate measure of RV ejection fraction (RVEF). Hence, quantitative estimation of RV function has proven difficult in clinical practice. Objective: We sought to determine which commonly used echocardiographic measures of RV function were most accurate in comparison with an MRI-derived estimate of RVEF. Methods: We analyzed RV function in 36 patients who had cardiac MRI studies and echocardiograms within a 24 hour period. 2D parameters of RV function,right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC), tricuspid annular motion (TAM), and transverse fractional shortening (TFS) were obtained from the four-chamber view. RV volumes and EFs were derived from volumetric reconstruction based on endocardial tracing of the RV chamber from the short axis images. Echocardiographic assessment of RV function was correlated with MRI findings. Results: RVFAC measured by echocardiography correlated best with MRI-derived RVEF (r = 0.80, P < 0.001). Neither TAM (r = 0.17; P = 0.30) nor TFC (r = 0.12; p< 0.38) were significantly correlated with RVEF. Conclusions: RVFAC is the best of commonly utilized echocardiographic 2D measure of RV function and correlated best with MRI-derived RV ejection fraction. Condensed Abstract: While echocardiography is used most frequently to assess RV function in clinical practice, echocardiography is limited in its ability to provide an accurate measure of RV ejection fraction (RVEF). Using cardiac MRI, RV fractional area change (RVFAC), determined either by MRI or echocardiography, was found to correlate best with MRI-derived RVEF. [source] Multivariate Neuropsychological Prediction of Seizure Lateralization in Temporal Epilepsy Surgical CasesEPILEPSIA, Issue 8 2007Therese A. Keary Summary:,Purpose: Neuropsychological assessment can be of assistance in determining seizure lateralization in cases where EEG and MRI findings do not provide clear lateralizing data. While several studies have examined the lateralizing value of individual neuropsychological measures, clinicians are still in need of a statistically sound method that permits the incorporation of multiple neuropsychological variables to predict seizure lateralization in the individual patient. Method: The present study investigated the lateralizing value of several commonly used neuropsychological measures in a large sample of patients (n = 217) who eventually underwent surgical resection to treat their epilepsy. Side of surgery was used to operationally define seizure lateralization. A comparison of the relative utility of a multivariate versus univariate approach to predict seizure lateralization was conducted in temporal epilepsy cases. Results: The results provide evidence for the incremental validity of neuropsychological measures, other than memory and IQ tests, in the prediction of seizure lateralization in patients with medically intractable epilepsy. These data indicate that a multivariate approach increases the accuracy of prediction of seizure lateralization for temporal lobe epilepsy cases. Conclusion: This study supports the use of a multivariate approach using neuropsychological measures to predict seizure lateralization in temporal epilepsy surgical candidates. Regression formulas are provided to enhance the clinical utility of these findings. [source] Seizure Outcome after Resection of Cavernous Malformations Is Better When Surrounding Hemosiderin-stained Brain Also Is RemovedEPILEPSIA, Issue 3 2006Christian R. Baumann Summary:,Purpose: Considering the epileptogenic effect of cavernoma-surrounding hemosiderin, assumptions are made that resection only of the cavernoma itself may not be sufficient as treatment of symptomatic epilepsy in patients with cavernous malformations. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis whether seizure outcome after removal of cavernous malformations may be related to the extent of resection of surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain tissue. Methods: In this retrospective study, 31 consecutive patients with pharmacotherapy-refractory epilepsy due to a cavernous malformation were included. In all patients, cavernomas were resected, and all patients underwent pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We grouped patients according to MRI findings (hemosiderin completely removed versus not/partially removed) and compared seizure outcome (as assessed by the Engel Outcome Classification score) between the two groups. Results: Three years after resection of cavernomas, patients in whom hemosiderin-stained brain tissue had been removed completely had a better chance for a favorable long-term seizure outcome compared with those with detectable postoperative hemosiderin (p = 0.037). Conclusions: Our study suggests that complete removal of cavernoma-surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain tissue may improve epileptic outcome after resection of cavernous malformations. [source] VIQ-PIQ Discrepancies in Partial Epilepsy: On the Relation to Lat- eralities of Focal MRI Lesions, P3 Peaks, and Focal Spikes.EPILEPSIA, Issue 2000Osamu Kanazawa Purpose: A number of previous ncurophysiological studies have indicated that the glutamatergic system is important in the induction of epileptiform activity and the dcvelopment of epileptogenesis. Clutamate transport is the primary mechanism of inactivation of syiiaptically released glutamate. GLAST is classified BS an astrocytic transporter and occurs in high concentrations in the ccrebcllum. The pathophysiologic rolc of GLAST in epilepsy is not known in detail. To investigate the role of thc astroglial glutamatc transporter GLAST in epileptogenesis, we compared amygdalu-kindling and pentylenctetrazolc (PTZ) induced seizures in GLAST-deficient mice (GLAST(-/-)) wild-type mice (GLAST(+/+)), and maternal C57Black6/J mice (C57). Purpose: Subtest IQ such as verbal IQ (VIQ) and performance IQ (PIQ) in WAIS or WISC are thought to represent neuropsychological functions of the left and right hemispheres, respectively. The P300 (P3) event-related potential reflects cognitive processes. We do not ye1 know the brain site of P3 origin or how epileptogenic foci (EF) influ- ence P3 potentials. To examine neuropsychological influence by partial epilepsy (PE), we studied VIQ-PIQ discrepancies in PE in relation to lateralities of focal MRI lesions, P3 peaks, and EF. Methods: Thirteen patients showed VIQ-PIQ discrepancies significant at the p7lt;O.O5 level, represented by a>l2-point spread for the WAIS in adults, and a 15-point spread in the WISC in children. We evoked P3 potentials in the individuals with discrepant IQ differences by asking them to keep a mental count of rare tones, including introduction of oddbail tones. EEGs were recorded by the international 10,20 system and P3 peaks were shown in a topographical view by offline analysis. Patients were divided into normal and abnormal groups according to MRI findings, and were examined for the laterali- ties of the dominant side in subtest IQ (conventionally, we regarded higher VIQ as left hemisphere dominant and higher PIQ as right hemisphere dominant), P3 peaks, and EF. We did not correlate results with lert or right handedness. Results: Five patients (38.5%) were in the normal group and 8 patients (61.5%) were in the abnormal group. Concordance of the lateralities in P3 peaks and dominant side in subtest IQ was shown in 1 patient (20%) in the normal group and 5 patients (62.5%) in the abnormal group. In the normal group, all patients showed contralateral P3 peak shift to EF, and all except I patient showed contralateral P3 peak shift to the dominant side in subtest IQ. The other 3 patients in the abnormal group showed unilateral focal cortical dysplasias (FCD), ipsilateral P3 shift, and contralateral dominant side in subtest IQ to the focal MRI lesions. Conclusion: In our partial epilepsy series with VIQ-PIQ discrepancies, concordance of the lateralities in P3 peaks and dominant side in subtest IQ was shown in < half of the patients. Epileptogenic foci seem to have 3 different grades of influence on P3 peak shift and dominant side in subtest IQ according to the severities of accompanying focal MRI lesions: 1. Without MRI lesions, EF can make P3 peak shift contralaterally, but the dominant side in the subtest IQ shift ipsilaterally; 2. With less severe focal MRI lesions such as hippocampal atrophy etc., EF can make not only P3 peaks but also the dominant side in the subtest IQ shift contralaterally; 3. With severe focal MRI lesions such as FCD, EF can make the dominant side in the subtest IQ shift contralaterally, but the P3 peak may shift ipsilaterally. Epileptogenic foci without MRI lesions seem to control ipsilateral P3 potentials. MRI lesions render a hemisphere unlikely to become dominant, but epileptogenic foci can coexist with apparently normal neuropsychological function. [source] High prevalence of restless legs syndrome in multiple sclerosisEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 5 2007M. Manconi Despite the fact that multiple sclerosis (MS) patients often include leg restlessness as a sensory symptom, MS is not mentioned amongst symptomatic restless legs syndrome (RLS) forms. The aim of this study was to estimate RLS prevalence in a large population of MS patients, comparing clinical and MRI findings between patients with and without RLS. Each of the 156 MS patients (100 females, 56 males, mean age 40.7 ± 10.4) enrolled in a prospective study underwent a medical history interview, a neurological examination with the assessment of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and a structured questionnaire to verify the presence and features of RLS. Conventional brain,spinal MRIs of 99 subjects were also evaluated and compared between patients with and without RLS. Fifty-one subjects (32.7%) (mean age 43.8 ± 12.8) met the criteria for RLS. In a few patients (8.5%), the RLS preceded clinical MS onset, whilst in the remaining cases the RLS was followed by or was simultaneous with clinical MS onset. Comparing the RLS group with the group without RLS, no significant differences were found in MS duration, gender, and referred sleep habits. The primary progressive MS course was more represented in the RLS group, which also showed a higher EDSS score. RLS is a very common finding in MS patients and should be considered amongst the symptomatic RLS forms. RLS is also associated with higher disability. [source] White matter changes in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy: MRI findingsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 5 2007W. Küker Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy is a mitochondrial disorder causing bilateral optic nerve degeneration. It is sometimes associated with clinical signs of multiple sclerosis. We report MRI findings in two patients with LHON-MS and comment on possible distinguishing features of this disease entity. [source] Cerebral hemiatrophy with superficial siderosis and PLEDs due to a germ cell tumor of the basal gangliaEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 8 2006N. Kumar The diagnosis of basal ganglia germ cell tumors may be delayed due to slow progression and minimal early changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The cystic nature of some tumors may lead to non-diagnostic biopsies. We describe the clinical, imaging, laboratory, and postmortem findings of a basal ganglia germ cell tumor in a 19-year-old man. Clues to an early antemortem diagnosis based on MRI findings and determination of tumor markers are discussed. An early diagnosis and accurate characterization of basal ganglia germ cell tumors is essential for optimal therapy. The presence of cerebral hemiatrophy and hemorrhagic or cystic components is suggestive. Measurement of serum and cerebrospinal fluid markers such as human chorionic gonadotropin may suggest the diagnosis. [source] Spoke-wheel-like enhancement as an important imaging finding of chromophobe cell renal carcinoma: A retrospective analysis on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studiesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 10 2004TSUNENORI KONDO Abstract Aim:, Little information has been reported with regard to the radiological features of chromophobe cell renal carcinomas (CCRC). The aim of the present study was to identify imaging characteristics which lead to the histological diagnosis of CCRC. Methods:, The imaging findings of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were retrospectively analyzed in 11 patients with CCRC operated on at Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. Results:, None of the factors studied were significant in distinguishing the two variants, typical and eosinophilic variants. Enhanced CT scans showed a spoke-wheel-like enhancement with a central scar in 3 patients (27%). The radiological patterns were classified into two groups. Seven patients (64%) showed pattern 1 in which: (i) a hypodense to isodense enhancement compared to the renal medulla in the corticomedullary phase during dynamic CT; (ii) an isodense mass compared to the renal medulla in unenhanced CT scan; and (iii) a lobulated appearance were typically observed. Four patients (36%) showed pattern 2 that seemed to be similar to the features of clear cell carcinoma, having an alveolar structure including a hyperdense enhancement in the corticomedullary phase and an inhomogeneous appearance. A spoke-wheel-like enhancement was observed only in patients with pattern 1, and was more clearly demonstrated in larger tumors. Conclusions:, The CT and MRI findings in CCRC patients were not uniform, but it was noted that a spoke-wheel-like enhancement with a central stellate scar, which might have been mistaken for oncocytoma, was one of important findings of CCRC. Tumors demonstrating a spoke-wheel-like enhancement with a central scar should be carefully managed, because they could be malignant. [source] Sealed-off spontaneous perforation of a pyometra diagnosed preoperatively by magnetic resonance imaging: A case reportJOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 3 2010Jonghyun Kim MD Abstract : Spontaneous perforation is a very rare complication of pyometra. The clinical findings of perforated pyometra usually mimic perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. In most cases a correct diagnosis can be made only by laparotomy. In our case, the patient's pyometra was sealed and she complained only of mild abdominal pain and showed no signs of peritonitis. Ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) findings were not suggestive of uterine rupture. However, T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a full thickness defect of the myometrium. We discuss the CT and MRI findings that confirmed a correct diagnosis of perforated pyometra. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:697,699. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Pain related to rotator cuff abnormalities: MRI findings without clinical significanceJOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 6 2010Jenny T. Bencardino MD Abstract MRI has become an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of rotator cuff pathology and the technology continues to evolve. Direct MR arthrography, diagnosis-specific sequencing such as fat suppression, special positioning such as abducted externally rotated (ABER) views and ultra high field magnets allow for an unprecedented level of detail in imaging. In this article, we review MRI findings in patients with rotator cuff abnormalities that are anatomic variants or incidental findings. Although MRI findings may be diagnostic in some cases, we find that clinical correlation with history and physical examination is critical to differentiate between anatomic variants, incidental findings, and true pathology. We conclude that good communication between the orthopedic surgeon and the radiologist is necessary to optimize diagnostic yield. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:1286,1299. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Imaging biomarkers in multiple sclerosisJOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 4 2010M. Filippi MD Abstract Recent years have witnessed impressive advances in the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the assessment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Complementary to the clinical evaluation, conventional MRI provides crucial pieces of information for the diagnosis of MS. However, the correlation between the burden of lesions observed on conventional MRI scans and the clinical manifestations of the disease remains weak. The discrepancy between clinical and conventional MRI findings in MS is explained, at least partially, by the limited ability of conventional MRI to characterize and quantify the heterogeneous features of MS pathology. Other quantitative MR-based techniques, however, have the potential to overcome such a limitation of conventional MRI. Indeed, magnetization transfer MRI, diffusion tensor MRI, proton MR spectroscopy, and functional MRI are contributing to elucidate the mechanisms that underlie injury, repair, and functional adaptation in patients with MS. Such techniques are likely to benefit from the use of high-field MR systems and thus allow in the near future providing additional insight into all these aspects of the disease. This review summarizes how MRI is dramatically changing our understanding of the factors associated with the accumulation of irreversible disability in MS and highlights the reasons why they should be used more extensively in studies of disease evolution and clinical trials. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:770,788. ©2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Cardiac MRI evaluation of nonischemic cardiomyopathiesJOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 3 2010Christopher J. François MD Abstract The purpose of this manuscript is to review the major MRI findings in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathies. Cardiac MRI has become an integral part in the diagnosis and management of patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathies. Findings on cardiac MRI studies can help distinguish between different types of cardiomyopathies and can provide valuable diagnostic and prognostic information. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:518,530. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Metastatic PEComa arising from renal angiomyolipoma: MRI findings,JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 1 2007Amr K. El Jack MD Abstract The perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) is a neoplasm composed primarily of HMB-45-positive epithelioid cells with a perivascular distribution. Both benign and malignant PEComas have been reported in diverse anatomic locations. We report the MRI features of a metastatic PEComa to the liver that originated within a renal angiomyolipoma (AML). J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:159,161. Published 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Cardiac amyloidosis: MR imaging findings and T1 quantification, comparison with control subjectsJOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 6 2007Gabriele A. Krombach MD Abstract In cardiac amyloidosis an interstitial deposition of amyloid fibrils causes concentric thickening of the atrial and ventricular walls. We describe the results of tissue characterization of the myocardium by T1 quantification and MRI findings in a patient with cardiac amyloidosis. The T1 time of the myocardium was elevated compared to that in individuals without amyloidosis. The T1 time of the myocardium was 1387 ± 63 msec (mean value obtained from four measurements ± standard deviation [SD]) in the patient with cardiac amyloidosis, while the reference value obtained from the myocardium of 10 individuals without known myocardial disease was 1083 ± 33 msec (mean value ± SD). In combination with other MR findings suggestive of amyloidosis, such as homogeneous thickening of the ventricular and atrial walls, thickening of the valve leaflets, restrictive filling pattern, and reduction of systolic function, T1 quantification may increase diagnostic confidence. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;25:1283,1287. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Primary serous papillary carcinoma of the retroperitoneum: magnetic resonance imaging findings with pathologic correlationJOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 2007MK Demir SUMMARY The incidence of a primary serous papillary carcinoma of the retroperitoneum is extremely rare. We present a case of the tumour in an adult simulating an adrenal mass with MRI findings and histopathological correlation. [source] Adductor insertion avulsion syndrome with stress fracture of femoral shaft: MRI findingsJOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 2007MA Lawande SUMMARY Chronic vague hip pain may be caused by stress-related injury in the proximal or mid-femoral diaphysis. This has been described as an entity called adductor insertion avulsion syndrome, or thigh splints. In the appropriate clinical setting, the radiologist interpreting the magnetic resonance imaging must be aware of this condition as its imaging findings are subtle. The diagnosis will help the clinician plan the appropriate management. Magnetic resonance imaging can also depict the complications such as stress fracture. [source] Familial cerebral cavernous haemangioma diagnosed in an infant with a rapidly growing cerebral lesionJOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 6 2006BHK Ng Summary Cavernous haemangiomas of the central nervous system are vascular malformations best imaged by MRI. They may present at any age, but to our knowledge only 39 cases in the first year of life have previously been reported. A familial form has been described and some of the underlying genetic mutations have recently been discovered. We present the clinical features and serial MRI findings of an 8-week-old boy who presented with subacute intracranial haemorrhage followed by rapid growth of a surgically proven cavernous haemangioma, mimicking a tumour. He also developed new lesions. A strong family history of neurological disease was elucidated. A familial form of cavernous haemangioma was confirmed by identification of a KRIT 1 gene mutation and cavernous haemangiomas in the patient and other family members. We stress the importance of considering cavernous haemangiomas in the context of intracerebral haemorrhage and in the differential diagnosis of rapidly growing lesions in this age group. The family history is also important in screening for familial disease. [source] Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: A study of six cases with MR findings and literature reviewJOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 5 2006NI Sainani Summary Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is clinically characterized by orthostatic headache and other symptoms caused by low cerebrospinal fluid pressure due to leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from dural punctures or other medical causes. The other symptoms are mainly due to traction of the cranial and spinal nerves owing to descent of the brain caused by low cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Magnetic resonance imaging is very useful in the diagnosis because of its characteristic findings. We describe the MRI findings in six cases that had variable clinical presentation. [source] Medial meniscus posterior root attachment injury and degeneration: MRI findingsJOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 4 2006AO Jones Summary The posterior root attachment of the medial meniscus is readily identifiable on MRI. Unless specifically reviewed, injuries involving this structure may be overlooked. Significant meniscal root pathology may cause functional incompetence of the meniscus, with consequent early onset cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis. This review article emphasizes the importance of positive identification of an intact meniscal root and illustrates the known association of meniscal root injury or tear with medial extrusion of the medial meniscus by greater than 3 mm beyond the joint margin. [source] Neuroenteric cyst of the craniocervical junctionJOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 1 2006I Clare Summary A neuroenteric cyst is a rare cause of an intradural, extramedullary mass. We report the MRI findings in a case of a neuroenteric cyst of the craniovertebral junction without associated abnormalities. [source] Magnetic resonance imaging of acute myocardial infarction in dextrocardia with situs solitus (dextroversion)JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 5 2005JC Salanitri Summary The case report of an 88-year-old woman with dextroversion and acute anterior wall myocardial infarction is presented. The patient, who had been diagnosed with dextrocardia 3 years prior to this admission, presented with right-sided chest pain. Coronary angiography demonstrated an 80% proximal left anterior descending artery stenosis which was successfully stented. A cardiac MRI was performed to exclude a left atrial thrombus after an inconclusive echocardiogram. The MRI demonstrated findings consistent with dextroversion, with delayed contrast-enhanced viability sequences confirming a near transmural anterior wall myocardial infarct. To our knowledge, this is the first report illustrating the cardiac MRI findings in such a case. [source] Pyogenic abscess complicating a resolving cerebral haematoma secondary to a cavernous haemangioma: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findingsJOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 2 2005AD Borsaru Summary A case is discussed of a brain abscess complicating an intracerebral haemorrhage occurring in a cavernous haemangioma. A young child presented with focal seizures as a result of a large intracerebral haemorrhage, occurring in a cavernous haemangioma. The only clue to the underlying vascular malformation was the presence of an associated developmental venous anomaly. The case was complicated by the development of a brain abscess at the site of the intracranial haematoma. The CT and MRI findings are discussed. [source] Cranial magnetic resonance imaging of Wolfram (DIDMOAD) syndromeJOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 2 2005E Pakdemirli Summary Wolfram syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness (DIDMOAD). A wide spectrum of abnormalities of the central nervous system, urinary tract and endocrine glands is also observed. We report cranial MRI findings in a 32-year-old female patient with Wolfram syndrome. In addition to the classical features, including absence of the normal high signal of the neurohypophysis, atrophy of visual pathways, the brainstem, cerebellum and cerebral cortex, we observed bilateral hyperintensity on proton density- and T2- weighted images related to the optic radiations in the periventricular white matter of the temporal and parieto-occipital lobes, which may reflect gliosis pathologically. [source] MR findings of primary Ewing's sarcoma of greater wing of sphenoidJOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 4 2002Paramjeet Singh Summary Primary Ewing's sarcoma of the skull is a very rare entity. We report MRI findings in a case of Ewing's sarcoma of the greater wing of sphenoid in a 4-year-old patient. Magnetic resonance imaging showed markedly heterogenous signal intensity with areas of haemorrhage and necrosis. It also demonstrated the exact extent of tumour due to its multiplanar capabilities and was, therefore, helpful in planning surgery. [source] Reversible Cytotoxic Edema in a Cirrhotic Patient Following TIPSJOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING, Issue 4 2009James R. Babington MD ABSTRACT The authors report the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a 52-year-old man with cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis C who developed episodic acute hepatic encephalopathy Type C following placement of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). Brain MRI revealed hyperintense T2 signal and restricted diffusion distributed through the cerebral cortex. The patient's mentation improved with treatment of his hyperammonemia. Brain MRI performed 5 months later revealed diffuse cerebral atrophy and new areas of hyperintense T2 signal in the cerebral white matter. The cortical signal abnormalities and low apparent diffusion coefficient values on the initial MRI resolved with exception of a mild amount of hyperintense FLAIR signal in the cingulate cortex. Acute hepatic encephalopathy following portosystemic shunting,either from placement of TIPS or from development of spontaneous shunts,is a widely recognized complication of portal hypertension and cirrhosis. We report MRI findings of reversible cytotoxic edema in a patient with acute hepatic encephalopathy following placement of TIPS. [source] Neuroimaging of Tuberculous Myelitis: Analysis of Ten Cases and Review of LiteratureJOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING, Issue 3 2006Mohammad Wasay MD ABSTRACT We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and neuroimaging features of 10 patients with tuberculous myelitis. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (70%) and paraplegia (60%). Bladder and bowel symptoms were present in 90% patients. On MRI, the involvement of the cervical/thoracic segment of the spinal cord was most commonly seen (90%). The most consistent finding was hyperintense signals on T2-weighted MRI. T1-weighted images showed isointense (n= 5) and hypointense (n= 4) signals in the spinal cord lesions. Post-contrast enhancement was present in 6 patients, epidural enhancement in 4 patients, and cord swelling in 2 patients. We reviewed more than 250 published cases with the diagnosis of tuberculous myelitis and radiculomyelitis with special attention to MRI findings. It is predominantly a disease of the thoracic spinal cord. Most spinal cord lesions appear as hyperintense on T2 and iso- or hypointense on T1-weighted images. MRI findings in patients with spinal cord tuberculosis have both diagnostic and prognostic significance. Cord atrophy or cavitation and the presence of syrinx on MRI may be associated with poor outcome. [source] Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome as a cause of reversible blindness during pregnancyJOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH (ELECTRONIC), Issue 4 2007Lutfu S. Onderoglu Abstract Cortical blindness is a rare and dramatic complication of pre-eclampsia. The precise nature of the pathogenesis of this condition has not previously been understood. Three preeclamptic patients with unremarkable previous medical history presented with acute blindness between the 28th and 33rd weeks of pregnancy. They were all diagnosed as posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (PLES). In all these patients, MRI study revealed the typical feature of gray-white matter edema localized to the temporo-parieto-occipital areas. Vision and MRI findings were restored in all patients after delivery. Although PLES has been described as a puerperal clinicoradiologic entity, it may be seen in preeclamptic-eclamptic patients during the pregnancy. Therefore neuro-imaging studies should be carried out in pregnant patients with visual disturbances in order to exclude PLES. Prompt diagnosis, immediate control of blood pressure, and elimination of possible causes resolves clinical and imaging findings. [source] A retrospective study of the MRI findings in 18 dogs with stifle injuriesJOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE, Issue 9 2009E. Barrett Objectives:To make an objective assessment of the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of meniscal damage and cranial cruciate ligament disease in the canine stifle by comparing magnetic resonance imaging findings with surgical findings. Methods:Magnetic resonance images of 18 stifles from 18 dogs which had undergone magnetic resonance imaging for the investigation of stifle disease were reviewed. For every stifle, the menisci and cranial cruciate ligaments were assessed according to predetermined criteria. The magnetic resonance imaging findings were compared with the reported surgical findings and the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were calculated using the surgical findings as the gold standard. Kappa analysis was used as an objective measure of agreement between surgical and magnetic resonance imaging findings. For 11 stifles, meniscal evaluation by three different observers was used to measure interobserver agreement using Kappa analysis. Results:Magnetic resonance imaging was demonstrated to be an accurate technique in the detection of meniscal injury (k=0·86), with excellent interobserver agreement (k=0·89 to 1·0). Disruption of cranial cruciate ligament continuity and an increase in ligament intensity were found to be useful criteria in the diagnosis of cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Clinical Significance:Magnetic resonance imaging offers a non-invasive alternative to exploratory surgery in the evaluation of cranial cruciate ligament and meniscal disease. [source] Osteosarcoma near joints: Assessment and implicationsJOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 3 2005Gerald M.Y. Quan MBBS Abstract Background The choice of performing surgery when tumors encroach onto joints remains a challenging and controversial issue. Pre-operative assessment by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is of critical importance in dictating surgical management and subsequent functional outcome. Methods We examined archival samples from 27 patients with osteosarcoma, adjacent to synovial joints for the incidence and mechanism of osteosarcoma extension into the joint space. Histopathologic findings were correlated with pre-operative MRI findings and choice of operation. Results There was no evidence of penetration across the entire thickness of articular cartilage into the joint cavity in all of the 27 cases. When pre-operative MRI confidently excluded joint involvement by tumor, enabling an intra-articular surgical approach, histopathologic correlation confirmed the absence of joint involvement in all cases. The low incidence of joint involvement was despite the presence of extensive bone and soft tissue involvement in most cases, a tendency for peripheral extension of tumor around the articular margin of the bone, and evidence of joint effusions pre-operatively in more than one-third of cases. Conclusions Joint involvement by osteosarcoma is uncommon, with articular cartilage being a relative barrier to tumor invasion. If pre-operative MRI does not show definite evidence of intra-articular tumor involvement, it is likely to be safe to proceed with intra-articular resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;91:159,166. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||