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Lymphatic Invasion (lymphatic + invasion)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	95%

Distribution within Medical Sciences

Oncology & Radiotherapy	34%
Urology	16%
Dermatology	8%

Selected Abstracts

Correlation of Radiographic and Pathologic Findings of Dermal Lymphatic Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue S3 2010
Matthew E. Spector MD
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

A case of cutaneous myoepithelial carcinoma

JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 8 2007
Jin Tanahashi
Background:, Cutaneous myoepithelioma, both benign and malignant, is a rare neoplasm composed of neoplastic myoepithelial cells showing diverse histopathological features, and criteria for discriminating benign or malignant have not been fully clarified. Patient:, We present a case of cutaneous myoepithelial carcinoma in a 62-year-old woman presenting a solid mass in the right back. Results:, Resected tumor was located in the whole dermis and subcutis. Histopathologically, two different growth patterns were noted: a small-nested or trabecular pattern in the superficial part and a large nodular pattern with extensive central necrosis in the deep part. Tumor cells were all epithelioid, although plasmacytoid and glycogen-rich clear cells were also observed within the large nodules of the deep part. Immunohistochemically, the cells were positive for both epithelial and myogenic markers, suggesting myoepithelial origin. Lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis were evident despite inconspicuous atypia and low mitotic rate. Conclusion:, The final diagnosis was cutaneous myoepithelial carcinoma. At present, it seems to be difficult to predict the behavior of myoepithelioma of the skin and soft tissue, although atypia and high mitotic rate are reported to be associated with local recurrence and metastasis. [source]

Lymphatic invasion according to D2-40 immunostaining is a predictor of nodal metastasis in endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus

PATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 8 2008
Yasuka Miyakuni
In endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus, nodal metastasis is related to prognosis. D2-40 immunostaining has recently been used to detect lymphatic invasion, but a study of D2-40 immunostaining for endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus has not been published. Therefore, as a predictor of nodal metastasis in endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus, the detection of lymphatic invasion on D2-40 immunostaining and lymphovascular invasion on HE stain was compared. A total of 104 cases of invasive endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus, in which the tumor was located in the uterus, were examined on immunohistochemistry using D2-40. In 20 cases there was lymphatic invasion according to D2-40 immunostaining, and the lymphatic invasion was well detected on D2-40 immunostaining. Nodal metastasis was present in 11 cases. Both lymphatic invasion on D2-40 immunostaining and lymphovascular invasion on HE stain were statistically correlated with nodal metastasis, but the evaluation of lymphatic invasion on D2-40 immunostaining was more accurate than detection of lymphovascular invasion using HE stain, in the current and previous studies, for the prediction of nodal metastasis. In conclusion, lymphatic invasion demonstrated on D2-40 immunostaining is very useful as a predictor for nodal metastasis in endometrioid adenocarcinoma of uterine corpus. [source]

Subepithelial extension of squamous cell carcinoma in the esophagus: Histopathological study using D2-40 immunostaining for 108 superficial carcinomas

PATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 12 2007
Takayuki Amano
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus occasionally produces subepithelial extension (SEE) in the stroma below the non-cancerous epithelium. Little information on SEE has been obtained, therefore the purpose of the present study was to carry out a clinicopathological study using D2-40 immunostaining in 108 cases of superficial (mucosal and submucosal) SCC of the esophagus. SEE occurred in 24 cases (22.2%). The SEE was present in both mucosa and submucosa in 19 cases, but in five cases SEE was located in the mucosa. Lymphatic invasion of tumor cells was well determined on D2-40 immunostaining. In the SEE group lymphatic invasion was found in 15 cases, and in two cases there was lymphatic invasion in the lamina propria mucosa of the edge of SEE. In the SEE group 23 (95.8%) had infiltrative growth of tumor cells. Lymphatic invasion and growth pattern of tumor cells were statistically correlated with SEE. Lymph node metastases were found in 48 cases, but SEE was not correlated with nodal metastases statistically. In conclusion, esophageal SCC produces SEE from the early stage by infiltrative growth and lymphatic invasion of tumor cells. The detection of lymphatic invasion on D2-40 immunostaining in the mucosal edge of SEE is useful for evaluation of endoscopic mucosal resection tissue. [source]

Prediction of lymphatic invasion by peritumoral lymphatic vessel density in prostate biopsy cores

THE PROSTATE, Issue 10 2008
Kenji Kuroda
Abstract BACKGROUND Lymphatic invasion in radical prostatectomy specimens has been suggested to be an unfavorable prognostic factor in clinically localized prostate cancer. Lymphangiogenesis detected by antibodies specific for lymphatic endothelial cells has been associated with lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer. This study was designed to examine whether lymphangiogenesis in prostate biopsy could predict lymphatic spread in radical prostatectomy specimens. METHODS Paraffin-embedded positive biopsy cores obtained from 99 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy at our institution were immunostained with D2-40 monoclonal antibody, which specifically recognizes lymphatic endothelium. The association between lymphatic parameters in prostate biopsy and pathological parameters in radical prostatectomy specimens was analyzed. RESULTS Peritumoral and intratumoral lymphatic (ITL) vessels were observed in 90 (90.9%) and 23 cases (23.2%). Average and maximal peritumoral lymphatic vessel density (PTLD) and the presence of ITL in positive biopsy cores were significantly associated with positive biopsy core rates (P,=,0.0015 for average PTLD, P,<,0.0001 for maximal PTLD, and P,=,0.0038 for ITL) and lymphatic vessel invasion (P,<,0.0001 for average PTLD, P,<,0.0001 for maximal PTLD, and P,=,0.0322 for ITL). Among preoperative parameters, the biopsy Gleason score (P,=,0.0092, HR,=,6.108) and average PTLD (P,=,0.0034, HR,=,1.860) were significant predictors of lymphatic invasion in radical prostatectomy specimens in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS PTLD in prostate biopsy specimens assessed by immunohistochemistry using D2-40 antibody could be a useful parameter for predicting lymphatic spread of clinically localized prostate cancer. Prostate 68:1057,1063, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Prognosis of dermal lymphatic invasion with or without clinical signs of inflammatory breast cancer

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 1 2004
Guenther Gruber
Abstract It is still an open debate whether tumor emboli in dermal lymphatics without inflammatory signs represent a similar bad prognosis like inflammatory breast cancer. We evaluated the prognostic role of dermal lymphatic invasion (DLI) in breast cancer with (DLI + ID) or without (DLI w/o ID) inflammatory disease (ID). From August 1988 to January 2000, 42 patients with DLI were irradiated. Twenty-five were classified as pT4, 13 out of them as pT4d (inflammatory disease); the 17 remaining patients had 1 T1c, 12 T2 and 4 T3 cancers with DLI. Axillary dissection revealed node-positive disease in 39/41 patients (median, 9 positive nodes). Thirty-eight out of 42 patients received adjuvant systemic treatment(s). After a mean follow-up of 33 months, 22/42 patients (52%) are disease-free. The actuarial 3-year disease-free survival is 50% (DLI w/o ID, 61%; DLI + ID, 31%; p < 0.03); the corresponding overall survival was 69% (DLI w/o ID, 87%; DLI + ID, 37%; p = 0.005). The presence or absence of ID was the only significant parameter for all endpoints in multivariate analyses. Dissemination occurred in 19 (45%), local relapse in 7 (n = 17%) and regional failure in 4 (10%). Nine patients (21%) had contralateral breast cancer/relapse. Despite the same histopathologic presentation, DLI w/o ID offered a significantly better disease-free survival and overall survival than ID. The finding of dermal lymphatic tumor invasion predicts a high probability for node-positive disease. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

The prognostic value of p53, Ki-67 and matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 in transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 11 2005
SHUICHI KAMIJIMA
Aim: To investigate the prognostic and predictive relevance of p53 protein, Ki-67 antigen, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the upper urinary tract. Methods: The expression of p53 protein, Ki-67 antigen, MMP-2 and MMP-9 was examined by immunohistochemistry in 69 patients with TCC of the upper urinary tract. Correlation of p53, Ki-67, MMP-2 and MMP-9 over-expression with conventional pathological parameters and patient survival was examined. Results: p53 over-expression was signi,cantly correlated with histological grade (P < 0.05), but not with pathological stage, vascular invasion, lymphatic invasion or lymph node metastasis. Ki-67 over-expression was signi,cantly correlated with stage, grade, lymphatic invasion and vascular invasion (P < 0.05). In survival analyses, Ki-67 over-expression was a signi,cant prognostic factor in the univariate analysis (P < 0.05), but it did not have a signi,cant impact on survival in the multivariate analysis. Ki-67 labeling index was a signi,cant prognostic factor in patients with a low p53 labeling index, but not in patients with a high p53 labeling index. Conclusion: Ki-67 over-expression is of prognostic value in TCC of the upper urinary tract, while p53, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are of limited value. [source]

Pathological prognostic score as a simple criterion to predict outcome in gastric carcinoma

JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 1 2010
Tadahiro Nozoe MD
Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to establish a simple criterion to predict prognosis of patients with gastric carcinoma. Methods Two hundred four patients with gastric carcinoma, who had been treated with curative resection, were enrolled. One point was added for each category among four pathological factors of depth of tumor, lymph node metastasis, venous invasion, and lymphatic invasion. Pathological Prognostic Score (PPS) was determined by an aggregate of these points for each category. Results There existed a significant difference between survivals of patients with PPS 0 or 1 and 2 or 3 (P,=,0.0002). Similarly, there also existed a significant difference between survivals of patients with PPS 2 or 3 and 4 (P,=,0.010). Conclusions PPS can be quite simple criteria to predict prognosis of gastric carcinoma with a strict stratification. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:11,17. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:73,76. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

E-cadherin expression in early gastric carcinoma and correlation with lymph node metastasis

JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 5 2007
Dong Yi Kim MD
Abstract Objective Abnormal expression of E-cadherin plays an important role in the differentiation and progression of gastric carcinoma. However, the relationship between molecular changes in E-cadherin and metastasis in early gastric carcinoma (EGC) is poorly understood. Materials and Methods Sixty cases of EGC with or without lymph node metastasis (30 node-positive cases and 30 node-negative cases) were investigated to evaluate hypermethylation status using bisulfate-MSP and immunohistochemistry using antibody against E-cadherin. Results Twenty-seven (45.0%) of 60 primary EGCs exhibited methylation in the CpG island of E-cadherin. Abnormal expression of E-cadherin was significantly correlated with patient age, tumor size, Lauren classification, differentiation, and lymph node metastasis. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, two factors were independent, statistically significant parameters associated with lymph node metastasis: abnormal expression of E-cadherin (risk ratio, 2.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.917,7.457; P,<,0.05) and lymphatic invasion (risk ratio, 8.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.612,40.766; P,<,0.05). Conclusion Our results suggest that methylation of E-cadherin is a frequent, early event in gastric carcinoma progression, and is correlated significantly with downregulated E-cadherin expression. Inactivation of E-cadherin might be involved in metastasis in EGC and play an important role in microscopic differentiation. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:429,435. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Lymphatic invasion according to D2-40 immunostaining is a predictor of nodal metastasis in endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus

Subepithelial extension of squamous cell carcinoma in the esophagus: Histopathological study using D2-40 immunostaining for 108 superficial carcinomas

Lymphatic vessel density in pulmonary adenocarcinoma immunohistochemically evaluated with anti-podoplanin or anti-D2-40 antibody is correlated with lymphatic invasion or lymph node metastases

PATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2007
Yoshin Adachi
In lung cancers, lymph node metastasis of cancer cells is one of the most important prognostic factors, and lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) is very important in the stage preceding lymph node metastases. Recently, it has been reported that lymphatic vessel density (LVD) is associated with lymph node metastasis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between LVD and LVI based on the immunohistochemical expression of podoplanin or D2-40, which are new specific markers for lymphatic endothelium. Using 76 cases of pulmonary adenocarcinoma, the relationship between LVD and LVI, lymph node metastases, vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C), VEGF-D or hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) expression was investigated. LVD was significantly associated with LVI, lymph node metastases and VEGF-D expression. LVI was also associated with lymph node metastases, histological subtype, VEGF-C or VEGF-D expression. High LVD, induced by VEGF-C or VEGF-D expression of cancer cells, is a good indicator of lymphatic metastases and LVI in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. [source]

Apoptosis as an independent prognostic indicator in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

PATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 7 2001
Hiroshi Shibata
Apoptosis plays a crucial role in determining net cell proliferation and cell turnover in various tumors. The rate of apoptosis in tumor cells has been reported to be a useful prognostic indicator in colorectal carcinoma. We examined apoptosis in 72 specimens of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) digoxigenin,nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. We examined correlation of apoptosis with outcome, clinicopathological features, and expression of the apoptosis-related proteins p53 and Bcl-2. The percentage of apoptotic cells, or apoptotic index (AI), ranged from 0.8 to 9.4 (mean: 3.47; SD: 2.02). Overall, 5-year survival of patients with high AI (AI , 5.0; n= 18) tumors was significantly higher than that of patients with low AI tumors (AI < 5.0; n= 58; 76.9% versus 44.9%; P= 0.042). AI did not correlate significantly with the clinicopathological features of patient age and sex, depth of tumor and histological differentiation, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, or venous invasion. In p53-negative tumors, the AI was significantly higher than in p53-positive tumors. We concluded that AI may be a useful prognostic indicator in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma following curative surgery, and that apoptosis in this tumor is related to relative underexpression of p53 protein. [source]

Expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D as Significant Markers for Assessment of Lymphangiogenesis and Lymph Node Metastasis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

THE ANATOMICAL RECORD : ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2010
Yukuan Feng
Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D induce lymphangiogenesis through activation of VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) and have been implicated in tumor spread to the lymphatic system. Lymph node dissemination critically determines clinical outcome and therapeutic options of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the relationship of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and lymph node metastasis in cancers, including NSCLC, is still controversial. To evaluate the relationship between lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis, the expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in NSCLC tumors were detected by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR). QRT-PCR revealed that in marginal region VEGF-C and VEGF-D mRNA was significantly higher than in tumor center, and VEGF-D mRNA was also higher than that in peritumoral lung tissue. Immunohistochemically, we observed the same heterogeneous expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D proteins. The group with high expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in marginal region had a higher incidence of lymph node metastasis compared with the group with low expression. Furthermore, the group with high expression of VEGF-D in marginal region had a higher incidence of lymphatic invasion. The group with high peritumoral lymphatic vessel density (LVD) had higher expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D mRNA compared with the group with low peritumoral LVD. Our studies suggested that the expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D at invasive edge was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis or lymphatic invasion in patients with NSCLC and may be involved in regulation of lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in NSCLC. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Prediction of lymphatic invasion by peritumoral lymphatic vessel density in prostate biopsy cores

Pulmonary myoepithelial carcinoma resembling matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast: case report and review of the literature

APMIS, Issue 5 2010
JIN TANAHASHI
Tanahashi J, Kashima K, Daa T, Yada N, Tanaka K-I, Kawano Y, Yokoyama S. Pulmonary myoepithelial carcinoma resembling matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast: case report and review of the literature. APMIS 2010; 118: 401,6. We report a case of pulmonary myoepithelial carcinoma with extensive myxohyaline stroma, resembling matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast. A 76-year-old Japanese man presented with a nodular lesion in the left lung (S8), and underwent partial resection of the left lower lobe. Microscopically, the resected tumor was relatively well circumscribed with central hypocellular myxohyaline and peripheral hypercellular area. In the central area, eosinophilic and clear polygonal cells proliferated in a cord-like or reticulated pattern with extensive myxohyaline stroma, while the peripheral area was composed of solid lobules of different shapes and sizes with occasional comedonecrosis. The tumor cells were markedly atypical with frequent mitotic figures. Vascular and lymphatic invasion was evident with regional lymph node metastasis. No squamous or glandular differentiation was evident in the tumor. Immunohistochemical staining implied myoepithelial differentiation. The patient developed multiple brain metastases, and died of the disease 11 months after the surgery. In this report, we discuss the histopathologic uniqueness of the present case together with a review of the literature. [source]

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in melanoma: a micromorphometric study relating to prognosis and completion lymph node dissection

BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2007
S. Debarbieux
Summary Background, Sentinel lymph node (SLN) positivity has been found to be strongly associated with a poor prognosis in melanoma. Objectives, This large referral centre study was conducted: (i) to confirm the powerful prognostic value of SLN biopsy (SLNB); (ii) to correlate patient prognosis to the micromorphometric features of SLN metastasis in SLN-positive patients; and (iii) to correlate these micromorphometric features to the likelihood of positive completion lymph node dissection (CLND). Patients and methods, SLNB was performed in 455 cases of primary melanoma between January 1999 and December 2004; for patients with positive SLN, the following micromorphometric features were registered: size of the largest metastasis (two diameters), depth of metastasis, number of millimetric slices involved, maximum number of metastases on a single section, presence of intracapsular lymphatic invasion and extracapsular spread. Kaplan,Meier survival curves were compared with the log-rank test; multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox regression model. Dependence of CLND status on micromorphometric features of SLN was assessed by the ,2 test and predictive values of the different features were evaluated by multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model. Results, A positive SLN was identified in 98 of our 455 cases. Survival was significantly shorter in SLN-positive patients than in SLN-negative patients. Extracapsular invasion was found to be an independent prognostic factor of disease-free survival; ulceration of the primary and the maximum diameter of the largest metastasis were identified as independent predictive factors of disease-specific survival. Age and the lowest diameter of the largest metastasis were identified as independent predictive criteria of positive CLND, whereas depth of metastasis was not. Positivity of CLND was not significantly associated with a worse prognosis. Conclusions, Our study confirms the previously demonstrated strong prognostic value of SLNB. It also confirms the relationship between tumour burden in the SLN (evaluated by the maximum diameter of the largest metastasis) and clinical outcome. We point out a new micromorphometric feature of SLN, which seems to be predictive of CLND status: the lowest diameter of the largest metastasis. [source]

Improved prediction of recurrence after curative resection of colon carcinoma using tree-based risk stratification

CANCER, Issue 5 2004
Martin Radespiel-Tröger M.D.
Abstract BACKGROUND Patients who are at high risk of recurrence after undergoing curative (R0) resection for colon carcinoma may benefit most from adjuvant treatment and from intensive follow-up for early detection and treatment of recurrence. However, in light of new clinical evidence, there is a need for continuous improvement in the calculation of the risk of recurrence. METHODS Six hundred forty-one patients with R0-resected colon carcinoma who underwent surgery between January 1, 1984 and December 31, 1996 were recruited from the Erlangen Registry of Colorectal Carcinoma. The study end point was time until first locoregional or distant recurrence. The factors analyzed were: age, gender, site in colon, International Union Against Cancer (UICC) pathologic tumor classification (pT), UICC pathologic lymph node classification, histologic tumor type, malignancy grade, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, number of examined lymph nodes, number of lymph node metastases, emergency presentation, intraoperative tumor cell spillage, surgeon, and time period. The resulting prognostic tree was evaluated by means of an independent sample using a measure of predictive accuracy based on the Brier score for censored data. Predictive accuracy was compared with several proposed stage groupings. RESULTS The prognostic tree contained the following variables: pT, the number of lymph node metastases, venous invasion, and emergency presentation. Predictive accuracy based on the validation sample was 0.230 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.227,0.233) for the prognostic tree and 0.212 (95% CI, 0.209,0.215) for the UICC TNM sixth edition stage grouping. CONCLUSIONS The prognostic tree showed superior predictive accuracy when it was validated using an independent sample. It is interpreted easily and may be applied under clinical circumstances. Provided that their classification system can be validated successfully in other centers, the authors propose using the prognostic tree as a starting point for studies of adjuvant treatment and follow-up strategies. Cancer 2004;100:958,67. © 2004 American Cancer Society. [source]

Role of E-cadherins in development of lymphatic tumor emboli

CANCER, Issue 9 2003
Anita Gupta M.D.
Abstract BACKGROUND E-cadherin (E-cad) is a cell adhesion molecule that is expressed in normal breast tissue. While loss of E-cad expression is a characteristic feature of lobular carcinoma, it also is observed in infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). The presence of peritumoral intralymphatic emboli also is a poor prognostic feature in IDC. Invasive lobular carcinoma rarely is associated with intralymphatic emboli. In the current study, the authors assessed E-cad expression in cases of IDC with and without intralymphatic tumor emboli to examine the potential role played by these molecules in the development of lymphatic emboli. METHODS Fifty patients with high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma,25 with prominent lymphatic invasion (LVI) and intralymphatic tumor emboli and 25 without LVI,were tested for expression of E-cad. For both groups, the intensity and frequency of E-cad expression was evaluated in tumor cells and lymphatic emboli; normal lobules were used as internal controls. RESULTS Membranous expression of E-cad was observed in normal lobules and tumor cells in all patients, with the tumor cells exhibiting varying degrees of loss of expression. In the 25 LVI-positive patients, the majority of tumor cells (including intralymphatic emboli) expressed E-cad with an intensity and distribution similar to what was seen in normal lobules. In the LVI-negative patients, the intensity and the distribution of E-cad staining varied significantly. Tumor cells at the tumor-stroma interface showed a greater frequency and intensity of E-cad expression than did cells in the central region of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS Strong expression of E-cad was observed in LVI-positive patients with high-grade IDC but not in LVI-negative patients. Emboli also exhibited high-intensity expression. These findings, taken in conjunction with the knowledge that intralymphatic tumor emboli in lobular carcinoma (which is E-cad-negative) are rare, suggest that E-cad plays an important role in tumor development and growth within the lymphatics. Cancer 2003;97:2341,7. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11332 [source]

Correlation between liver metastasis of the colocalization of actin-related protein 2 and 3 complex and WAVE2 in colorectal carcinoma

CANCER SCIENCE, Issue 7 2007
Keiichi Iwaya
Directed movement of normal cells occurs when actin-related protein 2 and 3 complex (Arp2/3 complex) triggers the actin polymerization that forms lamellipodia immediately after binding to WAVE2. In order to determine whether the same mechanism correlates with liver metastasis from colorectal cancer, paired mirror sections of 154 cancer specimens (29 cases with liver metastasis and 125 cases without liver metastasis in which T factor, gender, primary tumor site, and age at operation were matched) were examined immunohistochemically for the localization of Arp2 and WAVE2. Expression of both Arp2 and WAVE2 was detected in the same cancer cells in 55 (35.7%) of the 154 cases, but not detected in the normal colonic epithelial cells. Univariate analysis showed that the colocalization was significantly predictive of liver metastasis (risk ratio [RR] 8.760. Likewise, histological grade (RR 2.46), lymphatic invasion (RR 9.95), and tumor budding (RR 4.00) were significant predictors. Among these, colocalization and lymphatic invasion were shown to be independent risk factors by multivariate analysis. Another 59 colorectal specimens were examined for mRNA expression of Arp2 by real time polymerase chain reaction. High mRNA levels of Arp2, that in situ hybridization revealed to be expressed by the cancer cells, were significantly associated with liver metastasis. However, its effect was absorbed by the influence of risk of the colocalization that is closely related to high expression of Arp2. These results indicate that the colocalization of Arp2 and WAVE2 is an independent risk factor for liver metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 992,999) [source]

OCIA domain containing 2 is highly expressed in adenocarcinoma mixed subtype with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma component and is associated with better prognosis

CANCER SCIENCE, Issue 1 2007
Tadashi Ishiyama
Although lung adenocarcinoma is a major cause of cancer death worldwide, details of its molecular carcinogenesis and stepwise progression are still unclear. To characterize the sequential progression from bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma of the lung (BAC, in situ carcinoma) to adenocarcinoma mixed subtype with BAC component, polymerase chain reaction-based cDNA suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was carried out using two representative cases of BAC (non-invasive tumors) and adenocarcinoma mixed subtype with BAC (invasive tumors). Through differential screening, virtual reverse northern hybridization and quantitative real-time reverse-transcription,polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) we selected five genes (TncRNA, OCIAD2, ANXA2, TMED4 and LGALS4) that were expressed at significantly higher levels in invasive adenocarcinoma mixed subtype with BAC than in BAC. After in situ hybridization and qRT-PCR analyses, we confirmed that only the OCIAD2 gene showed significantly higher expression in the tumor cells of invasive adenocarcinoma mixed subtype with BAC than in BAC (P = 0.026). We then carried out in situ hybridization of OCIAD2 in 56 adenocarcinoma mixed subtype with BAC component and assessed the correlation between OCIAD2 expression and clinicopathological features. In contrast to our expectation, the patients with OCIAD2 expression showed a better clinical outcome than those without OCIAD2 expression, and OCIAD2 expression showed an inverse correlation with lymphatic invasion, blood vessel invasion and lymph node metastasis. These results suggest that OCIAD2 begins to express at the progression from in situ to invasive carcinoma, and is associated with the favorable prognosis of adenocarcinoma mixed subtype with BAC component. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 50,57) [source]