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Luminal Epithelium (luminal + epithelium)
Selected AbstractsExpression and function of Wnt5a in the development of the glandular stomach in the chicken embryoDEVELOPMENT GROWTH & DIFFERENTIATION, Issue 4 2006Dwi Listyorini The epithelium of the chicken embryonic glandular stomach (proventriculus) differentiates into both a glandular and a luminal epithelium, the cells of which express specific marker genes. The subsequent formation and differentiation of the glands then proceed under the influence of the mesenchyme. To search for possible candidates for the mesenchymal factors involved, we have now investigated the expression and function of Wnt5a in this process. Our current results show that Wnt5a is expressed in the mesenchyme during active gland formation and that overexpression of this gene in ovo results in the increased and ectopic expression of some of the marker genes of the luminal and glandular epithelia. In particular, the overexpression of Wnt5a markedly enhances the expression of the embryonic chicken pepsinogen gene, a marker of the glandular epithelium, indicating its role as a mesenchymal factor that regulates the differentiation of the proventricular epithelium. [source] Changes in the cytologic distribution of heparin/heparan sulfate interacting protein/ribosomal protein L29 (HIP/RPL29) during in vivo and in vitro mouse mammary epithelial cell expression and differentiationDEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS, Issue 1 2002Catherine B. Kirn-Safran Abstract HIP/RPL29 is a small, highly basic, heparin/heparan sulfate interacting protein identical to ribosomal protein L29 and present in most adult epithelia. In the present study, we show that mouse HIP/RPL29 is ubiquitously present in adult mammary epithelia and is significantly increased during pregnancy and lactation. We observed for the first time that HIP/RPL29 intracellular expression and distribution varies, depending on the growth/differentiation state of the luminal epithelium. HIP/RPL29 was detected at low levels in mammary glands of virgin animals, increased markedly during lactation, and was lost again during involution. HIP/RPL29, preferentially found in the expanded cytoplasm of mature epithelial cells secreting milk, is present also in the nucleus of proliferating and differentiating ductal and alveolar elements. We used COMMA-D cells as an in vitro model for mammary-specific differentiation and examined similar intracellular redistribution of HIP/RPL29 associated with functional differentiation. However, no changes in HIP/RPL29 expression levels were detected in response to lactogenic hormones. Finally, the cellular distribution of HIP/RPL29 in both nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments was confirmed by transfecting a normal mammary epithelial cell line, NMuMG, with a fusion protein of HIP/RPL29 and EGFP. Collectively, these data support the idea that HIP/RPL29 plays more than one role during adult mammary gland development. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Identification and characterization of a novel progesterone receptor-binding element in the mouse prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP2 geneGENES TO CELLS, Issue 9 2003Sohken Tsuchiya Background:, Gene expression of prostaglandin E receptor EP2 is induced in the luminal epithelium of the mouse uterus during peri-implantation period (day-5 of pseudopregnancy), suggesting the involvement of progesterone and its receptor (PR) in this expression. However it remains unclear whether PR affects EP2 gene expression through its binding. Results:, We investigated transcriptional regulation of EP2 gene expression with reporter gene analysis using HeLa cells with or without expression of the PR. The 5,-flanking region (,3260 to ,27, upstream of the translation initiation site) exhibited progesterone-induced promoter activation and basal promoter activity in the presence of PR. Using successive deletion analysis, we determined the six regulatory regions in the EP2 gene. Three regions were found to be involved in progesterone-induced promoter activation, whereas the other three regions were involved in basal promoter activity in the presence of PR. We identified a novel PR-binding sequence, 5,-G(G/A)CCGGA-3,, in the two basal promoter regions and Sp1- and Sp3-binding in the other basal promoter region. Conclusions:, We identified a novel PR-binding sequence, which may be involved in the regulation of basal promoter activity in the EP2 gene. [source] Conditional gene recombination by adenovirus-driven Cre in the mouse uterusGENESIS: THE JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 2 2006Haibin Wang Abstract Cre-mediated conditional gene targeting has been shown to be successful in many cell and tissue types. However, gene recombination in the uterus with heterogeneous cell types by Cre activation is not yet well established. Using recombinant adenoviruses expressing a functional Cre (ADV-Cre) and ROSA26 reporter mice, we show here that ADV-Cre infused intraluminally in a small volume (10 ,l) conditionally excises the loxP site, resulting in lacZ expression in uterine luminal epithelial cells without significantly affecting pregnancy. In contrast, a similar intraluminal infusion of ADV-Cre in a larger volume (50 ,l) damages the normal architecture and integrity of the luminal epithelium, inducing gene recombination in the underneath stromal cells, with disruption of pregnancy. Further, decidualizing stromal cells at the implantation sites can be targeted by ADV-Cre after intravenous administration on days 5,6. This route of administration also elicits Cre activity in other tissues, including the liver, spleen, ovary, and, more remarkably, in the adrenal cortex. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of achieving conditional expression or deletion of specific genes in uterine cells at desired times and physiological states. genesis 44:51,56, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Reproductive biology of female big-bellied seahorsesJOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2004C. W. Poortenaar In this study, ovarian morphology, reproductive condition and sex steroid levels were investigated in the big-bellied seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis, collected by snorkel and SCUBA diving in Wellington Harbour, New Zealand. Within the ovary, oocytes were contained between an outer muscular wall and an inner layer of luminal epithelium. Two germinal ridges ran along the entire length of the ovary. In cross-section, oocytes were arranged in sequential order of development beginning at the germinal ridges and ending at the mature edge. Ovarian lamellae were absent. Vitellogenic and advanced cortical alveoli oocytes were elongated in shape, whereas maturing oocytes were distinctively pear-shaped. Mature oocytes were large (2·6 , 4·4 mm in length) and aligned with the animal pole towards the muscular wall. Reproductively mature females were found throughout the year indicating a protracted reproductive season. The gonado-somatic index was significantly different between all ovarian stages, but the hepato-somatic index was not. Females with previtellogenic ovaries had significantly higher plasma concentrations of testosterone than females with vitellogenic or maturing ovaries. There was no significant difference in plasma concentrations of testosterone between females with vitellogenic or maturing ovaries, or in plasma concentrations of 17,-oestradiol between females in all ovarian stages. This study contributes to the knowledge on the reproductive biology of female syngnathids. [source] Differential expression and activation of Stat3 during mouse embryo implantation and decidualizationMOLECULAR REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2004Chun-Bo Teng Abstract Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs) can be activated by many cytokines and growth factors. Stat3, a member of STAT family, is essential for embryonic development. Stat3 is specifically activated during mouse embryo implantation. This study was to investigate the expression, activation, and regulation of Stat3 in mouse uterus during early pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, delayed implantation, artificial decidualization, and hormonal treatments using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. There was a strong level of Stat3 phosphorylation in the luminal epithelium only at the midnight of day 4 pregnancy, which coincides with attachment reaction between the blastocyst and luminal epithelium. However, there was no detectable Stat3 phosphorylation at the corresponding period during pseudopregnancy. On day 5 of pregnancy, Stat3 phosphorylation was strongly observed in the luminal epithelium and the stroma surrounding the implanting blastocyst at implantation sites, but not at the inter-implantation sites. Stat3 phosphorylation was also not detected on day 5 of pseudopregnancy. Stat3 phosphorylation was at a high level in the decidual cells on days 6,8 of pregnancy. Under artificial decidualization, Stat3 was also phosphorylated in the decidual cells. In the ovariectomized mice, there was no Stat3 expression and activation in the uterus. Progesterone had no obvious effects. However, Stat3 mRNA expression and phosphorylation were significantly stimulated by estrogen treatment. Our data suggest that Stat3 phosphorylation may be important for mouse embryo implantation and decidualization, and may also be regulated by maternal estrogen. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 69: 1,10, 2004. © Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Expressions of Aquaporin-2, Vasopressin Type 2 Receptor, Transient Receptor Potential Channel Vanilloid (TRPV)1, and TRPV4 in the Human Endolymphatic Sac,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 4 2007Daizo Taguchi MD Abstract Objective: To localize aquaporin (AQP)2, vasopressin type 2 receptor (V2 -R), and transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily 1, 4 (TRPV1, TRPV4) in the human endolymphatic sac (ES). Methods: Three samples of human ES were sampled during the removal of vestibular schwannoma by way of the translabyrinthine approach. The samples were immediately fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in OCT compound; immunohistochemistry was performed with AQP2, V2 -R, TRPV1, and TRPV4 polyclonal antibodies. Results: AQP2, V2 -R, TRPV1, and TRPV4 proteins were detected in the epithelial layer of the ES but were not observed in connective tissue around the ES. TRPV1 was also expressed in blood vascular endothelial cells of the connective tissue of ES. Conclusions: AQP2, V2 -R, and TRPV4 were expressed in the luminal epithelium of human ES. The same characteristic distribution of water and ion channels is seen in the kidney, where a significant amount of fluid is filtrated and resorbed. ES probably plays an active role in the homeostasis of the endolymph. [source] Immunohistochemical Localization of the Progesterone and Oestrogen , Receptors in the Uterine Horns of the African Giant Rat (Cricetomys gambianus)ANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 6 2009M.-C. Madekurozwa Summary The present study investigated the immunolocalization of the progesterone and oestrogen , receptors in the uterine horns of the African giant rat during the oestrous cycle. The progesterone and oestrogen , receptors were demonstrated in various cellular constituents of the endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium. The intensity of progesterone and oestrogen , receptor immunostaining in the endometrial and myometrial layers of the uterine horns varied during the oestrous cycle. The intensity of oestrogen , receptor immunoreactivity in the luminal epithelium was high during pro-oestrus, oestrus and dioestrus. Progesterone and oestrogen , receptor immunoreactivity in the endometrial epithelia was absent during metoestrus. Moderate to strong immunostaining for the progesterone and oestrogen , receptors was demonstrated in the myometrial smooth muscle cells during pro-oestrus, oestrus and dioestrus. The intensity of progesterone and oestrogen , receptor immunostaining in the myometrial smooth muscle cells was low during metoestrus. Stromal cells in the perimetrium consistently expressed progesterone and oestrogen , receptor immunoreactivity throughout the oestrous cycle. The findings of the study indicate that in the giant rat the immunolocalization of the progesterone and oestrogen , receptors, in endometrial and myometrial regions of the uterine horns, varies during the oestrous cycle. [source] | ||||||||||