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Selected AbstractsArgentine rangeland quality influences reproduction of yearling pregnant heifers?GRASSLAND SCIENCE, Issue 2 2009Liliana G. Hidalgo Abstract The Flooding Pampa natural grasslands are gradually being transformed into croplands to increase the economic returns of ranches. It is therefore becoming necessary for stockmen to increase beef cattle efficiency to compete with crops and to maintain the native grassland and its associated fauna. However, natural grasslands during winter have the lowest content of nutrients of the year. We intend to demonstrate that, with breeding weights of over 65% of cow mature weight, low forage quality of rangelands during winter does not have a negative effect on reproduction. These higher breeding weights were obtained by selecting early born female calves and by grazing annual and cultivated pastures. Pregnant Aberdeen Angus yearling heifers (n = 90) were evaluated using a pregnancy test (May 2005) until the second calving (July 2006). At the beginning of the experiment, yearling heifers with live weight ranging 360,514 kg (mean, 425 kg ± 3.5 SE) were used. Cattle grazed native grasslands (humid mesophytic meadows and humid prairie grasslands) and old mixed pastures. The second pregnancy was high (100%), with the same mean calving date as in the first pregnancy (227 Julian days). Heifers which calved later in the first calving year were early calvers in the second year, resulting in the relatively constant average calving dates across the animals. [source] Chemical Characterization of Liver Lipid and Protein from Cold-Water Fish SpeciesJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 6 2006Peter J. Bechtel ABSTRACT:, The largest US harvests of marine fish for human consumption are from Alaska waters. Livers from these fish are combined with other fish offal and made into fish meal and oil or discarded. The purpose of this study was to characterize liver lipids and proteins from important commercial species including walleye pollock (WP), pink salmon (PS), Pacific halibut (PH), flat head sole (FS), and spiny head rock fish (RF), and underutilized species including arrow tooth flounder (AF) and big mouth sculpin (BS). Liver lipid content ranged from 50.3% in WP to 3.3% in PS. Protein content ranged from 7.7% in WP to 18.4% in BS. PS livers had the highest content of ,-3 fatty acids at 336 mg/g of oil and AF had the lowest content at 110 mg/g of oil. There were significant differences in the content of 9 amino acids with methionine and lysine values ranging from 2.66% to 3.43% and 7.19% to 9.45% of the total amino acids, respectively. Protein from the cold water marine fish livers was of high quality and the oils contained substantial quantities of ,-3 fatty acids. Fish livers had distinct chemical properties and can be used for the development of unique food ingredients. [source] Changes in Progesterone Receptor Isoforms Content in the Rat Brain During the Oestrous Cycle and After Oestradiol and Progesterone TreatmentsJOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 10 2003C. Guerra-Araiza Abstract We studied the effects of oestradiol and progesterone on progesterone receptor (PR) isoform content in the brain of ovariectomized rats and in intact rats during the oestrous cycle by Western blot analysis. In the hypothalamus and the preoptic area of ovariectomized rats, PR-A and PR-B content was increased by oestradiol, whereas progesterone significantly diminished the content of both PR isoforms after 3 h of treatment in the hypothalamus, but not in the preoptic area. In the hippocampus, only PR-A content was significantly increased by oestradiol while progesterone significantly diminished it after 12 h of treatment. In the frontal cortex, no treatment significantly modified PR isoform content. During the oestrous cycle, the lowest content of PR isoforms in the hypothalamus was observed on diestrus day and, by contrast, in the preoptic area, the highest content of both PR isoforms was observed on diestrus day. We observed no changes in PR isoform content in the hippocampus during the oestrous cycle. These results indicate that the expression of PR isoforms is differentially regulated by sex steroid hormones in a regionally specific manner. [source] Influence of branch bending on sugar, organic acid and phenolic content in fruits of ,Williams' pears (Pyrus communis L.)JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 14 2006Mateja Colaric Abstract Selected sugars, organic acids and phenolic compounds were analysed in mature fruits of ,Williams' pears using high-performance liquid chromatography. Fruits were harvested from the branches of trees tested in three treatments: branches were bent in summer 2003 (1 September), in spring 2004 (15 May) and control (branches were not bent). Pears contained up to 73.54 g kg,1 fresh weight (FW) of fructose, 9.42 g kg,1 FW of glucose, 7.94 g kg,1 FW of sucrose and 24.59 g kg,1 FW of sorbitol. Major organic acids were (in order of descending quantity) citric, malic, shikimic and fumaric acid (up to 3.05 g kg,1 FW, 2.24 g kg,1 FW, 71.79 mg kg,1 FW and 0.49 mg kg,1 FW, respectively). Chlorogenic acid (280.86,357.34 mg kg,1 FW) was the predominant phenolic acid, followed in concentration (mg kg,1 FW) by syringic acid (95.46,131.32), epicatechin (46.55,83.09), catechin (25.67,44.81), vanillic acid (1.87,3.48), sinapic acid (0.83,1.72) and caffeic acid (0.72,1.04). Significant differences in content of fructose, sorbitol, total sugars, catechin, epicatechin, sinapic acid, syringic acid, and a sum of determined phenolic compounds were observed among the treatments. Fruits from summer bending branches had the lowest content of individual sugars, citric acid and phenolic compounds and the highest content of malic, shikimic and fumaric acid. The highest content of fructose, sorbitol, sucrose, total sugars, caffeic acid, catechin, epicatechin and syringic acid were determined in the fruits from the spring treatment. In the control treatment the highest content of glucose, citric acid, chlorogenic acid, sinapic acid, vanillic acid, as well a sum of determined phenolics, were observed. The lowest content of fumaric acid was in the spring treatment and of malic and shikimic acid in the control. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Geochemical characterization of moldavites from a new locality, the Cheb Basin, Czech RepublicMETEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE, Issue 3 2008anda Detailed comparison of the Cheb Basin moldavites with moldavites from other substrewn fields in both major and trace element composition shows that the Cheb Basin is a separate substrewn field. The geochemical data obtained are discussed with respect to the source materials and processes leading to formation of moldavites. The data show that three groups of Cheb Basin moldavites exist. Ten samples of group 1 are characterized by the lowest content of Al, Fe, Na, and other elements representing phyllosilicate minerals, and by high Ca + Mg contents related probably to carbonates. They resemble the "poisonous green" moldavites, a subgroup of the Southern Bohemian moldavites. Seven samples of group 2 and 6 samples of group 3 are similar to typical moldavites of the Southern Bohemian substrewn field. These two groups differ from each other mainly in Al contents; with higher contents of Al and the elements associated with phyllosilicate minerals (namely Ba and Sr), group 3 also resembles the Moravian moldavites. Significant positive correlations between K, Ca, Mg, and Mn found in group 2 of the Cheb Basin moldavites and the enrichment in these elements observed generally in all moldavites, as well as other facts, e.g., high K/Na and K/Rb ratios and the reduced conditions during formation of moldavites, have been attributed to possible contribution to the moldavite source materials of the ash produced by burning of vegetation and soil organic matter present at the pre-impact area. [source] An analytical survey of the polyphenols of seeds of varieties of grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivated in Greece: implications for exploitation as a source of value-added phytochemicalsPHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, Issue 1 2005Ramila Guendez Abstract Seed samples from 12 white and 25 red international and Hellenic native grape varieties (Vitis vinifera) were screened for their polyphenolic composition. The polyphenols determined were mainly of low molecular weight, including gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate and the procyanidins B1 and B2. Average values of total content for white and red varieties (376 and 388 mg/100 g seeds, respectively) were very similar. Comparable results were observed with respect to the individual polyphenol content with seeds from red varieties being, in general, slightly richer. The predominant ,avanol monomer in white and red varieties was catechin (which accounted for 50.5 and 49.3%, respectively, of the total content), whilst gallic acid and epigallocatechin were the constituents showing the lowest content, respectively. The data obtained are discussed with regard to the exploitation of grape seeds as a low-cost source of value-added phytochemicals. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Comparative Crystallization Study of Several Linear Dinitramines in Nitrocellulose-Based GelsPROPELLANTS, EXPLOSIVES, PYROTECHNICS, Issue 2 2003Denis Spitzer Abstract This study deals with the crystallization behaviour of several dinitramines with plasticizing abilities in a nitrocellulose-based gel. The tendency of these compounds to interact with nitrocellulose is an important parameter for the development of new propellants, especially for those which should have a temperature-independent combustion. It is shown that, on the basis of their crystallization behaviour, the nine studied dinitramines form three different groups. Whereas the first one (large symmetrical molecules) exhibits a strong crystallization tendency, the second group (asymmetric compounds) has low crystalline contents and shows a good interaction capacity with nitrocellulose. At last, DNDA6 (2,4-dinitro-2,4-diazahexane) with 3.3 noncrystallizing molecules per anhydroglucosidic unit of nitrocellulose, presents the most pronounced interaction with nitrocellulose, due to its lowest content of crystalline plasticizer. [source] Variety diversity effect on the chemical composition and dry matter degradation characteristics of residue and by-products of oil palm fruitsANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2009Musibau Adungbe BAMIKOLE ABSTRACT The materials palm press fibre (PPF), palm calyx (PCL) and palm oil sludge (POS) obtained from three varieties of oil palm: dura, oleifera and tenera were investigated for the effect of variety on their nutritive value. Analysis of proximate composition, cell wall fractions, some mineral concentration as well as in-situ dry matter degradation in the rumen of steers were carried out. Significant effects of materials (i.e. PPF, PCL and POS) as well as variety (i.e. dura, oleifera and tenera) were noticed in all the parameters studied except sodium (Na) and organic matter (OM) components. Crude protein (CP) values in all the varieties were lowest in PCL (3.15,5.48%) and highest in POS (9.02,10.02%), while crude fibre (CF) values were highest in PCL (33.00,46.19%) and lowest in POS (3.15,5.48%). The upper and lower values respectively for CP and CF in the materials were in most cases for the tenera variety. The cell wall fractions (NDF, ADF, Lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose) were all higher in PCL and lowest in POS. In the three varieties, POS had highest concentration of Mg (0.117,0.231 g/100 g), K (1.21,2.33 g/100 g) and Cu (75.07,87.34 mg/kg) but lowest content of Ca (0.016,0.089 g/100 g) while PPF had lowest concentration of Mg (0.031,0.039 g/100 g) and Cu (20.96,22.28 mg/kg). Iron (Fe, mg/kg) values were generally high, but highest in PCL (2015.41,4042.16). Dry matter degradability and effective degradability values were best in POS irrespective of the variety and least in PCL. Among the three varieties, dry matter degradation characteristics of tenera were the best and oleifera the least. Generally the residue and by-products irrespective of the variety of oil palm they are obtained from can be ranked for their nutritive value as POS > PPF > PCL, while nutritive ranking based on variety is tenera > dura > oleifera. Conclusively, POS and PPF from any variety of oil palm could be adopted directly as feed resources for ruminant livestock, while PCL will require hydrolytic nutritive value enhancement treatment. Ruminant livestock will however be at an advantage if materials from tenera variety are fed. [source] Dietary effects of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid levels on egg and larval quality, and the fatty acid composition of the eggs of Chilean flounder Paralichthys adspersus broodstockAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 12 2009Rodolfo Wilson Abstract The effects of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (n-3 HUFA) on eggs and larval quality were investigated in the Chilean flounder Paralichthys adspersus. Broodstock were fed with three formulated diets with similar proximate compositions but different n-3 HUFA (2.1%, 3.1% or 4.1%) estimated levels from 5 months before and during the spawning period. The diet with an intermediate n-3 HUFA level resulted in a significantly higher (P<0.05) percentage of buoyant eggs (68.2 ± 2.9%), fertilization (92.8 ± 3.9%), normal cell cleavages (93.5 ± 1.9%), hatching rate (87.7 ± 4.1%) and normal larvae (76.3 ± 3.7%) compared with the other two diets. In contrast, high levels of n-3 HUFA produced larvae with a higher survival capacity when subjected to fasting. The diet with the lowest content of n-3 HUFA produces lower quality eggs and larvae. The n-3 HUFA level in eggs increased with an increase in the dietary level, and the n-3/n-6 ratios were 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1. The DHA/EPA and EPA/ARA ratios of 2 and 4 in eggs, respectively, were associated with improved egg and larval quality and were similar to the ratios found in eggs from wild broodstock. Attainment of optimal fatty acid contents in broodstock diets is one of the key factors for producing the high-quality spawning required for managed culture of this flounder. [source] Effect of packaging conditions on the growth of micro-organisms and the quality characteristics of fresh mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) stored at inadequate temperaturesJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2000E. González-Fandos Mushrooms were packed in two polymeric films (perforated and non-perforated PVC) and stored at 17 °C and 25 °C. The carbon dioxide and oxygen content inside the packages, aerobic mesophiles, Pseudomonas spp., faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, anaerobic spores and major sensory factors (colour, texture, development stage and presence of moulds) were determined. The non-perforated packages had the highest contents of CO2 (6,7%), the lowest contents of O2 (0·013,0·17%) and the most desirable quality parameters (texture, development stage and absence of moulds). Pseudomonas spp. counts were around 1 logarithmic unit lower in mushrooms packaged in non-perforated film as the O2 concentrations were lower than in perforated film. The mushrooms themselves were inoculated with an enterotoxin A-producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus, packaged in overwrapped trays and stored at 17 and 25 °C. Staphylococcus aureus did not grow in the samples stored at 17 °C. Only slight growth was observed in mushrooms packaged with non-perforated film after 1 day at 25 °C. No enterotoxin was detected in any package. Faecal coliform counts were <2 log cfu g,1. Escherichia coli was not isolated in any of the samples. At 25 °C, counts of anaerobic spores of around 2 log cfu g,1 were detected in those mushrooms packaged in non-perforated film. [source] | ||||||||||||||||