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Lower Mean Values (lower + mean_value)
Selected AbstractsPremorbid performance IQ deficit in schizophreniaACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 6 2000G. P. Amminger Objective: Performance IQ (PIQ) is often lower than verbal IQ (VIQ) in schizophrenic patients. Whether PIQ Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among the Inuit in Greenland.DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 11 2004A comparison between two proposed definitions Abstract Aims To estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among Greenland Inuit according to the World Health Organization (WHO) definition and the definition suggested by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Methods From 1999 to 2001, 917 adult Inuit participated in a health survey in Greenland. The examination included a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and blood pressure were measured. Plasma glucose, serum insulin, lipids and urine albumin/creatinine ratio were measured. The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the WHO criteria 1999 and to the working definition suggested by the NCEP 2001. Results Using the WHO and the NCEP criteria, 20.7% and 17.9% of the participants had the metabolic syndrome, respectively. There was a moderate agreement between the two definitions, , = 0.56 (95% CI 0.51,0.61). Of those with the WHO metabolic syndrome, 37.9% did not have the NCEP syndrome, and 28.5% of those with the NCEP syndrome were not classified with the metabolic syndrome under the WHO criteria. Compared with the WHO syndrome, men with the NCEP syndrome had higher mean values of waist circumference, BMI and triglycerides, and lower mean values of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; among women, triglycerides were higher with the NCEP syndrome. Conclusion The metabolic syndrome is common among Inuit using either the WHO definition or the proposed NCEP definition. The classification disagreement is considerable and a universally accepted definition is needed. [source] Comparison between HPLC and HPTLC densitometry for the determination of icariin from Epimedium koreanum extractsJOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 5 2007Olga N. Pozharitskaya Abstract Dry extracts of the aerial parts of Epimedium koreanum were quantified by HPLC and high performance TLC (HPTLC). A gradient HPLC method was used for the quantification of the prenylflavone glycoside icariin at 270 nm. A direct HPTLC assay was developed for the determination of icariin at 270 nm. The UV detection of both analytical assays were used to examine the purity of icariin peaks and compared with the standards. The assays provide good accuracy, reproducibility, and selectivity for the quantitative analysis of icariin. The icariin contents of five different dry extracts were compared by HPLC and HPTLC densitometry. The quantitative results of both analytical methods did not show any statistically significant differences between them, although a trend to slightly lower mean values could be found for the HPLC method. [source] Multiple Inert Gas Elimination Technique For Determining Ventilation/Perfusion Distributions In Rat During Normoxia, Hypoxia And HyperoxiaCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 5-6 2001V Alfaro SUMMARY 1. The use of the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET) in quantifying ventilation/perfusion distributions (V,A/Q,) in small animals, such as the rat, may cause results to be biased due to haemodilution produced by the large volume of liquid infused intravenously. 2. We tested two methods of administering inert gases in rats using the MIGET: (i) standard continuous intravenous administration of inert gases (method A); and (ii) a new method based on the physicochemical properties of each inert gas (method B). This method included acute simultaneous inert gas administration using three pathways: inhalation, intravenous infusion and rectal infusion. Both MIGET methods were applied to obtain data while breathing three different inspiratory fractions of oxygen (FIO2): normoxia, hypoxia and hyperoxia. 3. Inert gas levels obtained from blood or expired air samples were sufficient for chromatographic measurement, at least during a 2 h period. The V,A/Q, distributions reported using both methods were acceptable for all the physiological conditions studied; therefore, the alternative method used here may be useful in further MIGET studies in rats because haemodilution resulting from continuous intravenous infusion of less-soluble gases can be avoided. 4. Normoxic rats showed lower mean values of the V,A/Q, ratio of ventilation distribution and higher mean values of the V,A/Q, ratio of perfusion distribution with the usual method of inert gas administration (method A). These non-significant differences were observed under almost all physiological conditions studied and they could be caused by haemodilution. Nevertheless, the effect of interindividual differences cannot be discarded. An additional effect of the low haematocrit on cardiovascular changes due to low FIO2, such as pulmonary vasoconstriction or increased cardiac output, may explain the lower dispersion of perfusion distributions found in group A during hypoxia. [source]
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