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Lower Cholesterol (lower + cholesterol)
Selected AbstractsAssociation of polymorphisms within the transforming growth factor-,1 gene with diabetic nephropathy and serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrationsNEPHROLOGY, Issue 6 2010ADÁN VALLADARES-SALGADO ABSTRACT Aim: The TGF-, gene participates in the development of chronic kidney disease. We investigated whether the 869 T > C, 915 G > C and ,800 G > A polymorphisms of TGF-,1 are associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods: Polymorphisms were genotyped in 439 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, 233 with diabetic nephropathy (DN+) and 206 without (DN,). The sample was characterized for relevant clinical and biochemical parameters. Results: The 869 T > C (P = 0.016; odds ratio (OR) = 1.818, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.128,2.930) and the 915 G > C polymorphisms (P = 0.008, OR = 4.073, 95% CI = 1.355,12.249) were associated with diabetic nephropathy. The 869 T > C variant was associated with total cholesterol levels: CC + CT genotypes had a mean cholesterol concentration of 5.62 ± 1.40 mmol/L vs a mean concentration of 5.15 ± 1.40 mmol/L for the TT genotype (P = 0.011). Triglycerides were also higher in CC + CT genotypes (2.49 ± 1.56 mmol/L) in comparison with TT homozygotes (2.1 ± 1.22 mmol/L, P = 0.042). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the polymorphisms 869 T > C and 915 G > C were independent predictors for DN (P = 0.049 and 0.046, respectively). Conclusion: The 869 T > C and 915 G > C polymorphisms within the TGF-,1 gene were associated with DN+. Lower cholesterol and triglycerides levels were observed in TT homozygotes for the 869 T > C polymorphism. The TGF-,1 869 T allele seems to confer protection against DN+. [source] Long-Term Dosing of Arzoxifene Lowers Cholesterol, Reduces Bone Turnover, and Preserves Bone Quality in Ovariectomized Rats,,JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 12 2002Yanfei L. Ma M.D. Abstract Long-term effects of a new selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) arzoxifene were examined in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Arzoxifene was administered postoperatively (po) at 0.1 mg/kg per day or 0.5 mg/kg per day to 4-month-old rats, starting 1 week after OVX for 12 months. At study termination, body weights for arzoxifene groups were 16,17% lower than OVX control, which was caused by mainly reduced gain of fat mass. Longitudinal analysis of the proximal tibial metaphysis (PTM) by computed tomography (CT) at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months showed that OVX induced a 22% reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) at 2 months, which narrowed to a 12% difference between sham-operated (sham) and OVX rats by 12 months. Both doses of arzoxifene prevented the OVX-induced decline in BMD. Histomorphometry of the PTM showed that arzoxifene prevented bone loss by reducing osteoclast number in OVX rats. Arzoxifene maintained bone formation indices at sham levels and preserved trabecular number above OVX controls. Micro-CT analysis of lumbar vertebrae showed similar preservation of BMD compared with OVX, which were not different from sham. Compression testing of the vertebra and three-point bending testing of femoral shaft showed that strength and toughness were higher for arzoxifene-treated animals compared with OVX animals. Arzoxifene reduced serum cholesterol by 44,59% compared with OVX. Uteri wet weight from arzoxifene animals was 38,40% of sham compared with OVX rats, which were 29% of sham. Histology of the uterine endometrium showed that cell heights from both doses of arzoxifene were not significantly different from OVX controls. In summary, treatment of OVX rats with arzoxifene for nearly one-half of a lifetime maintained beneficial effects on cholesterol and the skeleton. These data suggest that arzoxifene may be a useful therapeutic agent for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. [source] Determinants of C-reactive protein in chronic hemodialysis patients: Relevance of dialysis catheter utilizationHEMODIALYSIS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2008Adriana HUNG Abstract Biomarkers of inflammation, especially C-reactive protein (CRP), have been consistently shown to predict poor outcomes in chronic hemodialysis (CHD) patients. However, the determinants of CRP and the value of its monitoring in CHD patients have not been well defined. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate possible determinants of the inflammatory response in CHD patients with a focus on dialysis catheter utilization. Monthly CRP were measured in 128 prevalent CHD patients (mean age 56.6 years [range 19,90], 68% African Americans, 39% diabetics [DM]) over a mean follow-up of 12 months (range 2,26 months). There were a total of 2405 CRP measurements (median 5.7 mg/L; interquartile range [IQR] 2.4,16.6 mg/L). The presence of a dialysis catheter (p<0.002), cardiovascular disease (p=0.01), male gender (p=0.005), higher white blood cell count (p<0.0001), elevated phosphorus (p=0.03), and lower cholesterol (p=0.02) and albumin (p<0.0001) concentrations were independent predictors of elevated CRP in the multivariate analysis. Additionally, CRP levels were significantly associated with the presence of a catheter, when comparing the levels before and after catheter insertion (p=0.002) as well as before and after catheter removal (p=0.009). Our results indicate that the presence of a hemodialysis catheter is an independent determinant of an exaggerated inflammatory response in CHD patients representing a potentially modifiable risk factor. [source] Effect of bile and lipids on the stereoselective metabolism of halofantrine by rat everted-intestinal sacsCHIRALITY, Issue 2 2010Jigar P. Patel Abstract The everted rat intestinal-sac model was utilized to assess the effect of post-prandial conditions on the stereoselective intestinal metabolism of halofantrine to its active metabolite desbutylhalofantrine. Everted intestinal sacs were incubated with (±)-halofantrine HCl in the presence of simulated bile solution (containing lecithin, lipase and cholesterol) and lipids to mimic post-prandial conditions in the small intestine. The halofantrine enantiomer concentrations in intestinal sacs were relatively constant in the presence of bile, but decreased significantly on addition of lipids to the incubation media. Formation of desbutylhalofantrine enantiomers was inversely proportional to bile concentration whereas addition of lipids in the presence of bile caused a significant decrease in desbutylhalofantrine:halofantrine ratio of (,) enantiomers. Pre-treatment of rats with peanut oil had no significant effect on desbutylhalofantrine formation in the incubated sacs or microsomal preparations, nor did it affect the expression of intestinal cytochrome P450. Addition of extra cholesterol to the bile incubations caused a significant increase in tissue halofantrine and desbutylhalofantrine concentrations, which as for lower cholesterol, were diminished on addition of other lipids. The results were consistent with previous in vivo evaluations showing that the desbutylhalofantrine to halofantrine ratio was decreased by the ingestion of a high fat meal. Chirality, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Tacrolimus as secondary intervention vs. cyclosporine continuation in patients at risk for chronic renal allograft failureCLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 5 2005Thomas Waid Abstract:, Background:, Chronic renal allograft failure (CRAF) is the leading cause of graft loss post-renal transplantation. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus as secondary intervention in cyclosporine-treated kidney transplantation patients with impaired allograft function as indicated by elevated serum creatinine (SCr) levels. Methods:, Patients receiving cyclosporine-based immunosuppression who had an elevated SCr at least 3 months post-renal transplantation were enrolled. Treatment allocation was 2:1 to switch to tacrolimus or continue cyclosporine. This analysis was performed after 2 yr; patients will be followed for an additional 3 yr. Results:, There were 186 enrolled and evaluable patients. On baseline biopsy, 90% of patients had chronic allograft nephropathy. Baseline median SCr was 2.5 mg/dL in both treatment groups. For patients with graft function at month 24, SCr had decreased to 2.3 mg/dL in the tacrolimus-treated patients and increased to 2.6 mg/dL in the cyclosporine-treated patients (p = 0.01). Acute rejection occurred in 4.8% of tacrolimus-treated patients and 5.0% of cyclosporine-treated patients during follow-up. Two-year allograft survival was comparable between groups (tacrolimus 69%, cyclosporine 67%; p = 0.70). Tacrolimus-treated patients had significantly lower cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels and also had fewer new-onset infections. Cardiac conditions developed in significantly fewer tacrolimus-treated patients (5.6%) than cyclosporine-treated patients (24.3%; p = 0.004). Glucose levels and the incidences of new-onset diabetes and new-onset hyperglycemia did not differ between treatment groups. Conclusions:, Conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus results in improved renal function and lipid profiles, and significantly fewer cardiovascular events with no differences in the incidence of acute rejection or new-onset hyperglycemia. [source] | ||||||||||