Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Lower Body Mass Index (lower + body_mass_index)
Selected AbstractsEating problems at age 6 years in a whole population sample of extremely preterm childrenDEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 2 2010MUTHANNA SAMARA Aim, The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of eating problems and their association with neurological and behavioural disabilities and growth among children born extremely preterm (EPC) at age 6 years. Method, A standard questionnaire about eating was completed by parents of 223 children (125 males [56.1%], 98 females [43.9%]) aged 6 years who were born at 25 weeks' gestation or earlier (mean 24.5wks, SD 0.7wks; mean birthweight 749.1g, SD 116.8g), and parents of 148 classmates born at term (66 males [44.6%], 82 females [55.4%]). All children underwent neurological, cognitive, and anthropometric assessment, and parents and teachers completed a behaviour scale. Results, Eating problems were more common among the EPC than the comparison group (odds ratio [OR] 3.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1,6.3), including oral motor (OR 5.2, 95% CI 2.8,9.9), hypersensitivity (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.6,5.6), and behavioural (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.9,7.6) problems. Group differences were reduced after adjustment for cognitive impairment, neuromotor disability, and other behaviour problems. EPC with eating problems were shorter, lighter, and had lower mid-arm circumference and lower body mass index (BMI) even after adjusting for disabilities, gestational age, birthweight, and feeding problems at 30 months. Interpretation, Eating problems are still frequent in EPC at school age. They are only partly related to other disabilities but make an additional contribution to continued growth failure and may require early recognition and intervention. [source] Heterogeneity in young adult onset diabetes: aetiology alters clinical characteristicsDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 9 2002K. R. Owen Abstract Aims To describe the characteristics of hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) 1, mutation carriers diagnosed with diabetes after 25 years and compare them with young-onset Type 2 diabetic patients (YT2D) diagnosed at the same age. Subjects and methods We studied 44 (21 male, 23 female) patients with HNF-1, mutations diagnosed with diabetes at ages 25,45 years and 44 YT2D subjects matched for sex and age of diagnosis. Results Median age of onset of diabetes was 35 years in both groups. The HNF-1, group demonstrated: lower body mass index (25.1 vs. 30.7 kg/m2; P < 0.001) and lower fasting triglycerides (1.37 vs. 2.96 mmol/l; P = 0.001) with similar fasting cholesterol level. They had lower glycated haemoglobin A1c (7.3 vs. 8.5%; P = 0.015) despite greater duration of diabetes (24 vs. 16 years; P = 0.02) and less frequent treatment with insulin (21% vs. 55%; P = 0.002). They were less likely to be treated for hypertension (13.3% vs. 56.3%; P = 0.009). Importantly, no difference was observed in reported parental history of diabetes between the two groups (65.9% vs. 63.6%; P = 0.92). Logistic regression showed that triglyceride levels and presence of anti-hypertensive treatment were the most important independent variables. Conclusions Patients with HNF-1, mutations may present with diabetes as young adults between the ages of 25,45 years. In this age range a wide differential diagnosis of diabetes is observed. Conventional criteria of age of onset and family history will not differentiate HNF-1, mutation carriers from YT2D subjects in this age range, but features of the metabolic syndrome, in particular fasting triglycerides and hypertension, are helpful. In patients diagnosed before 45 years without features of insulin resistance the diagnosis of HNF-1, should be considered. [source] Drop-out from inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa: can risk factors be identified at point of admission?EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 2 2004Lois J. Surgenor Abstract Despite renewed interest in drop-out from eating disorders treatment, few studies have investigated the issue in respect to the most expensive and intensive form of treatment, that is, inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN). This study investigates whether risk of treatment drop-out can be determined from information routinely collected at point of admission. Using information from a multi-site database collected in Australia and New Zealand, demographic and clinical data at point of admission were collated for 213 inpatient treatment episodes. One in five admissions ended with the patient unilaterally deciding to leave treatment without clinician endorsement. A lower body mass index, AN purging subtype and active fluid restriction made significant independent contributions to this risk. Drop-out remains a highly disruptive method of discharge and while there is utility in predicting those most at risk, few variables commonly collated by clinicians contribute to their identification. The implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source] Osteoprotegerin and bone turnover markers in heavily pretreated HIV-infected patientsHIV MEDICINE, Issue 3 2005E Seminari Objectives To characterize osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels, bone remodelling and bone mineral density (BMD) in heavily pretreated HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy, and to evaluate the clinical factors associated with bone density decline. Methods Heavily pretreated (>5 years) HIV-positive patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional, observational study, which was based on a total body bone densitometry examination and a comprehensive evaluation of bone and mineral parameters. Results Sixty-eight patients (55 male and 13 female) with a median age of 41 years (range 25,60 years) were included in the study. Their antiretroviral treatment lasted for 82 months. On the basis of the World Health Organization criteria, nine patients (13.2%) were osteoporotic [T-score<,2.5 standard deviation (SD)] and 19 patients (27.9%) were osteopenic (T-score between,1 and,2.5). The principal outcomes associated with the presence of a low BMD were high OPG and lysylpyridinoline/creatinine ratio (Dpd) values. Most of the patients (39 of 48; 81.25%) showed vitamin D insufficiency [Vitamin D (25(OH)D)<18 ng/mL] with secondary hyperparathyroidism (13 of 50 patients: 26%), which proved to be correlated to osteocalcin (BGP) levels [parathyroid hormone (PTH) vs. BGP: r=0.34; P<0.01]. There was an inverse correlation between T-scores and serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels, on one hand, and Dpd, on the other. High AP and Dpd values were associated with relative risks of 4.1 [95% confidence interval (CI)=1.01,17.6] and 7.2 (95% CI=1.67,31.03), respectively, of a pathological T-score. Multivariate analysis revealed that the factors associated with the presence of osteopenia or osteoporosis were older age and lower body mass index. Conclusions About 40% of our heavily pretreated subjects with advanced HIV infection had a low BMD, and 56% (24 of 44 patients) showed a high bone turnover rate with marked osteoclast activation. High OPG levels may protect against bone resorption. [source] An integrative quantitative model of factors influencing the course of anorexia nervosa over timeINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 4 2009Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan PhD Abstract Objective: To identify factors influencing the course of anorexia nervosa (AN) over time. Method: Former female patients with AN (36 remitted and 24 nonremitted) and 31 healthy females responded to standardized interviews and self-rating questionnaires. Remitted patients maintained normal eating, normal weight, and regular menses for the past 12 months. Patients not fulfilling these criteria were considered nonremitted. Results: Using logistic regression, we identified that number of hospitalizations, duration of ambulatory treatment, past vegetarianism, past anxiety, and childhood sexual abuse differentiated remitted from nonremitted patients, predicting nonremission. A similar analysis identified that elevated follow-up vegetarianism and eating-related concerns and lower body mass index (BMI) differentiated remitted from nonremitted patients, contributing to nonremission. Univariate analyses identified that remitted patients had elevated anxiety and eating-related obsessionality compared with the controls, suggesting these variables to potentially predispose to AN. Discussion: Elevated anxiety and eating-related obsessionality may increase the risk for the development of AN and for nonremission. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009 [source] Factors that predict cecal insertion time during sedated colonoscopy: The role of waist circumferenceJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Yu-Hsi Hsieh Abstract Background and Aim:, Various factors have been closely linked to the cecal insertion time. These factors include age, sex, body mass index, quality of bowel preparation, doctor's technique, a history of prior hysterectomy, diverticulosis, and constipation. Waist circumference is better than body mass index in assessing abdominal obesity and therefore may be better than body mass index in predicting cecal insertion time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing cecal insertion time and the impact of waist circumference. Methods:, This prospective study was conducted between August 2004 and June 2005 in Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital. Asymptomatic patients admitted to our physical check-up department were enrolled. A single endoscopist performed all colonoscopies under sedation with a single-handed method. Age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, history of hysterectomy, constipation, bowel cleansing status, and diverticulosis were analyzed. Results:, A total of 1022 patients were enrolled. Among them, 996 (97.5%) completed the colonoscopic examinations (472 men and 524 women). The mean ± SD insertion time was 307 ± 166 s for men and 403 ± 195 s for women (P < 0.01). Female sex, poor bowel preparation, smaller waist circumference, lower body mass index and older age were associated with longer insertion time. Waist circumference was better than body mass index in predicting cecal insertion time. Conclusion:, Female sex, poor bowel preparation, smaller waist circumference, lower body mass index and older age were associated with a longer insertion time. Waist circumference was a better predictor than body mass index in assessing cecal insertion time. [source] A measure of food seeking in individuals with Prader,Willi syndromeJOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, Issue 1 2006J. Young Abstract Background Individuals with Prader,Willi syndrome (PWS), a chromosome 15 genetic disorder, often have a significant preoccupation with food and problem behaviour related to food seeking is often prevalent. Methods In the present study, we compared how individuals with PWS responded on a survey regarding the acceptability of food in various locations that varied according to degree of appropriateness for human consumption (e.g. food on a plate, food in a garbage can). For a subgroup of participants, we observed how they actually responded when placed in a room with food items placed in the same locations depicted in the survey. In the first part of the study, three groups (25 typically developing individuals, 7 individuals with intellectual disability (ID), and 19 individuals with PWS) responded to a visual survey to determine the degree of acceptability of food items in various locations (e.g. on a table near a hairbrush, on the floor behind a toy box, in a trash can). In the second part of the study, these food items (popcorn, jelly beans) were placed in the 12 locations described above. Nine individuals diagnosed with PWS (deletion type) and three individuals with ID were given some break time in the room for 15 min. The amount of food consumed, the time spent food seeking, and time spent interacting with materials were measured. Results Results of the survey indicated that the PWS group differed significantly with regard to how they responded on the survey from the typically developing group, but did not differ significantly from the ID group. Results of the food seeking observations indicated that only three individuals with PWS ate a significant number of items. The three individuals did not differ from the rest of the group according to IQ or compulsivity score; however, they had significantly lower body mass index (BMI) scores and were younger than the other participants. Conclusions The findings from the survey indicate that individuals with PWS are able to discriminate the appropriateness of eating items in more or less contaminated areas; however, the amount of time spent seeking food and the amount of food covertly consumed appeared to depend more directly on age and BMI. [source] Smoking and relation to other risk factors in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease, with particular reference to whole blood viscosity and ,-cell functionJOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2003I. Os Abstract., Os I, Høieggen A, Larsen A, Sandset PM, Djurovic S, Berg K, Os A, Birkeland K, Westheim A (University of Oslo; Ulleval University Hospital; and Aker University Hospital, Oslo, Norway). Smoking and relation to other risk factors in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease, with particular reference to whole blood viscosity and ,-cell function. J Intern Med 2003; 253: 232,239. Objectives., To investigate possible associations between smoking habits and other coronary risk factors in postmenopausal women with known coronary heart disease (CHD). Setting., The study was conducted at a university clinic. Subjects., A total of 118 postmenopausal women with CHD verified with angiography, consecutively recruited. Interventions., Conventional treatment for CHD. The women were randomized to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with transdermal 17-, oestradiol and medroxyprogesterone acetate, or to a control group. Results., Smokers were younger (P = 0.005), had lower body mass index (P = 0.04) and lipoprotein Lp(a) levels (P = 0.02) compared with nonsmokers. Smokers had reduced ,-cell function (homeostasis model assessment, P = 0.006), whereas whole blood viscosity (WBV) was higher at all shear rates. WBV was not affected by HRT over a 12-month period. Oestrone levels were higher in smokers. Conclusions., Smoking adversely affects insulin secretion (,-cell function) and WBV in postmenopausal women with established CHD, which could be of importance as a mechanism for the increased risk of CHD in smokers. The importance of smoking as a risk factor, overrides the effect of Lp(a), which is lower in smokers compared with nonsmokers. [source] Effects of self-reported health conditions and pesticide exposures on probability of follow-up in a prospective cohort studyAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2010Martha P. Montgomery MHS Abstract Background We investigated the potential for selection bias due to non-participation in the follow-up of a large prospective cohort study. Methods Licensed pesticide applicators (52,395 private; 4,916 commercial) in the Agricultural Health Study provided demographic, health, and pesticide exposure information at enrollment (1993,1997) and in a 5-year follow-up telephone interview. Factors associated with non-participation in the follow-up were identified using multiple logistic regression. Potential for selection bias was evaluated by comparing exposure,disease associations between the entire cohort and the follow-up subset. Results Sixty-six percent of private and 60% of commercial applicators completed the follow-up interview. Private and commercial applicators who did not complete the follow-up reported at enrollment younger age, less education, lower body mass index, poorer health behaviors but fewer health conditions, and lower pesticide use. Estimates of exposure,disease associations calculated with and without non-participants did not indicate strong selection bias. Conclusions Differences between non-participants and participants in the follow-up interview were generally small, and we did not find significant evidence of selection bias. However, the extent of bias may depend on the specific exposure and outcome under study. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:486,496, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Biochemical hypoglycemia in female nurses during clinical shift work,RESEARCH IN NURSING & HEALTH, Issue 2 2004Kayoko Inoue Abstract Female nurses in Japan commonly experience symptoms similar to those of hypoglycemia while working. Biochemical hypoglycemia can lead to impaired cognition; thus, it is important to know the prevalence of biochemical hypoglycemia among nurses. Five hundred and sixty-eight female nurses (53% of the target population) in four hospitals completed questionnaires. They determined their blood glucose levels 12 times, at four points during three shifts. Fifty-seven nurses (10%) recorded biochemical hypoglycemia (,3.0 mM) at least once. Multivariate analysis revealed three independent risk factors for hypoglycemia: higher coefficient of variation of blood glucose level, lower body mass index, and not smoking. Subjective symptoms were not associated with hypoglycemia. More research on hypoglycemia is needed in order to improve working environment for nurses. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:87,96, 2004 [source] Association of Lifestyle and Relationship Factors with Sexual Functioning of Women During MidlifeTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2009Rachel Hess MD ABSTRACT Introduction., As women progress through menopause, they experience changes in sexual functioning that are multifactorial, likely encompassing biological, psychological, and social domains. Aim., To examine the effects that physical activity, sleep difficulties, and social support have on partnered sexual activity and sexual functioning in women at different stages of the menopausal progression. Methods., As part of an ongoing 5-year longitudinal study, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of sexual functioning data. Main Outcome Measures., Participation in partnered sexual activities, reasons for nonparticipation in such activities among sexually inactive women, and, among sexually active women, sexual functioning defined as engagement in and enjoyment of sexually intimate activities. Results., Of 677 participants aged 41,68, 68% had participated in any partnered sexual activities (i.e., were sexually active) during the past 6 months. Reasons for sexual inactivity included lack of a partner (70%), lack of interest in sex (12%) or in the current partner (5%), and physical problems (4%). Sexually active participants tended to be younger, married, more educated, have more social support in general, fewer comorbid medical illnesses, a lower body mass index, and a higher prevalence of vaginal dryness. Among the sexually active participants, their scores for engagement in activities ranging from kissing to sexual intercourse were higher if they were physically active, had more social support, and lacked sleeping difficulties. Likewise, scores for sexual enjoyment were higher if they were physically active, had more social support, and lacked vaginal dryness. Engagement and enjoyment scores were not associated with marital status or other factors. Conclusions., In midlife women, having social support and being physically active are associated with enhanced sexual engagement and enjoyment. Hess R, Conroy MB, Ness R, Bryce CL, Dillon S, Chang CCH, and Matthews KA. Association of lifestyle and relationship factors with sexual functioning of women during midlife. J Sex Med 2009;6:1358,1368. [source] Weight Prejudice and Medical Policy: Support for an Ambiguously Discriminatory Policy Is Influenced by Prejudice-Colored GlassesANALYSES OF SOCIAL ISSUES & PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 1 2009Paula M. Brochu This study examined the influence of affectively-based weight prejudice versus weight control beliefs on perceptions of and support for an ambiguously discriminatory medical policy: denying surgery to overweight patients. Participants read a news article describing a new policy in the United Kingdom of denying surgery to overweight patients, and reported their reactions to the policy. Results revealed that participants who scored higher on an affectively-based measure of weight prejudice that was completed 3,4 weeks before the main session were less likely to perceive the medical policy as discriminatory, more likely to agree with the policy and to support adoption of a similar policy in their own country, and recommended lower body mass index (BMI) cutoff values for denying surgery to overweight patients, whereas weight control beliefs had less of a role to play. In addition, perceptions of the policy as (non)discriminatory mediated the effects of weight prejudice on policy agreement, support, and recommended BMI cutoff. These results indicate that affective prejudice influences individuals' support for an ambiguously discriminatory medical policy, which has important implications for policy makers and researchers. [source] Providing Nutrition Supplements to Institutionalized Seniors with Probable Alzheimer's Disease Is Least Beneficial to Those with Low Body Weight StatusJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 8 2004Karen W. H. Young MSc Objectives: To examine whether providing a midmorning nutrition supplement increases habitual energy intake in seniors with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to investigate the effects of body weight status and cognitive and behavioral function on the response to the intervention. Design: Randomized, crossover, nonblinded clinical trial. Setting: A fully accredited geriatric teaching facility affiliated with the University of Toronto's Medical School with a home for the aged. Participants: Thirty-four institutionalized seniors with probable AD who ate independently. Intervention: Nutrition supplements were provided between breakfast and lunch for 21 consecutive days and compared with 21 consecutive days of habitual intake. Measurements: Investigator-weighed food intake, body weight, cognitive function (Severe Impairment Battery and Global Deterioration Scale), behavioral disturbances (Neuropsychiatric Inventory,Nursing Home Version), and behavioral function (London Psychogeriatric Rating Scale). Results: Relative to habitual intake, group mean analyses showed increased 24-hour energy, protein, and carbohydrate intake during the supplement phase, but five of 31 subjects who finished all study phases completely compensated for the energy provided by the supplement by reducing lunch intake, and 24-hour energy intake was enhanced in only 21 of 31 subjects. Compensation at lunch was more likely in subjects with lower body mass indices, increased aberrant motor behavior, poorer attention, and increased mental disorganization/confusion. Conclusion: Nutrition supplements were least likely to enhance habitual energy intake in subjects who would normally be targeted for nutrition intervention,those with low body weight status. Those likely to benefit include those with higher body mass indices, less aberrant motor problems, less mental disorganization, and increased attention. [source] Comparative Toxicology of Intentional and Accidental Heroin Overdose*JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 4 2010Shane Darke Ph.D. Abstract:, The demographic and toxicological characteristics of deliberate (SUI, n = 50) and accidental (ACC, n = 927) fatal heroin overdose cases were examined. SUI cases were more likely to be female, had lower body mass indices, were more likely to be enrolled in treatment and less likely to have hepatic pathology. The median blood morphine concentration of SUI cases was significantly higher than that of ACC cases (0.70 vs. 0.40 mg/L, p < 0.001). Blood morphine concentrations of >1 mg/L were seen among 38.0% of SUI cases compared to 13.9% of ACC cases. Being a member of the SUI group remained a significant independent predictor of higher morphine concentrations after controlling for the effects of potential confounders (p < 0.001), other significant predictors being the absence of alcohol (p < 0.001), the presence of methadone (p < 0.05), and the presence of cocaine (p < 0.05). The current data are consistent with the view that suicide forms a small, but distinct, category of heroin overdose cases, rather than overdose being a parasuicidal phenomenon per se. [source] | |||||||||||||