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Lower Body Fat (lower + body_fat)
Selected AbstractsAsthma symptoms in rural living Tanzanian children; prevalence and the relation to aerobic fitness and body fatALLERGY, Issue 8 2009S. Berntsen Objective:, To determine the prevalence of asthma symptoms in children from a rural district in North-Tanzania, and their relationship to aerobic fitness and body fat. Methods:, In Manyara region in Tanzania, children (aged 9,10 years) were randomly selected to participate in the present cross-sectional study. Hundred and seventy two participants completed a video questionnaire showing the symptoms and signs of asthma. Lung function was measured by maximum forced expiratory flow-volume curves. Aerobic fitness was estimated from a standardized indirect maximal cycle ergometer test and sum of three skinfolds reflected body fat. Results:, Twenty four per cent reported asthma symptoms last year. Severe wheezing attacks last year were reported in 5% of the participants. Thirty seven per cent of the participants were underweight. Underweight children had significantly lower (P < 0.02) lung function (per cent of predicted). Lower body fat was associated with higher occurrence of asthma symptoms (odds ratio and 95% CI; 0.45 (0.22,0.95; P = 0.04). Aerobic fitness was not associated with asthma symptoms. Conclusions:, More than every fifth 9,10 year old child from a rural district in North-Tanzania reported asthma symptoms. Lower body fat was associated with higher occurrence of asthma symptoms, but aerobic fitness was not associated with asthma symptoms. [source] Long-term effects of calorie restriction on serum sex-hormone concentrations in menAGING CELL, Issue 2 2010Roberto Cangemi Summary Calorie restriction (CR) slows aging and consistently reduces circulating sex hormones in laboratory animals. However, nothing is known regarding the long-term effects of CR with adequate nutrition on serum sex-hormone concentration in lean healthy humans. In this study, we measured body composition, and serum total testosterone, total 17-,-estradiol, sex hormone,binding globulin (SHBG), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) concentrations in 24 men (mean age 51.5 ± 13 years), who had been practicing CR with adequate nutrition for an average of 7.4 ± 4.5 years, in 24 age- and body fat,matched endurance runners (EX), and 24 age-matched sedentary controls eating Western diets (WD). We found that both the CR and EX volunteers had significantly lower body fat than the WD volunteers (total body fat, 8.7 ± 4.2%; 10.5 ± 4.4%; 23.2 ± 6.1%, respectively; P = 0.0001). Serum total testosterone and the free androgen index were significantly lower, and SHBG was higher in the CR group than in the EX and WD groups (P , 0.001). Serum 17,-estradiol and the estradiol:SHBG ratio were both significantly lower in the CR and EX groups than in the WD group (P , 0.005). Serum DHEA-S concentrations were not different between the three groups. These findings demonstrate that, as in long-lived CR rodents, long-term severe CR reduces serum total and free testosterone and increases SHBG concentrations in humans, independently of adiposity. More studies are needed to understand the role of this CR-mediated reduction in sex hormones in modulating the pathogenesis of age-associated chronic diseases such as cancer and the aging process itself. [source] Effects of Dietary Chlorella ellipsoidea Supplementation on Growth, Blood Characteristics, and Whole-Body Composition in Juvenile Japanese Flounder Paralichthys olivaceusJOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Issue 4 2002Kang-Woong Kim The study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Chlorella powder (C) supplementation on growth performance, blood characteristics, and whole-body composition in juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Four experimental diets were supplemented with C at 0, 1, 2 and 4% (C0, C1, C2, and C4) on a dry-weight basis. Three replicate groups of fish averaging 1.13 ± 0.02 g (Mean ± SD) were randomly distributed in each aquarium and fed one of four experimental diets for 12 wk. After 12 wk of the feeding trial, fish fed C2 diet had higher weight gain (WG), feed efficiency (FE), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) than did fish fed C0 and C1 diets (P 0.05); however, there was no significant difference among fish fed C1 and C4 diets, and among fish fed C2 and C4 diets (P > 0.05). Fish fed C2 and C4 diets had a lower serum cholesterol level than did fish fed C0 and C1 diets (P 0.05). Fish fed C2 and C4 diets had a lower body fat than did fish fed C0 (P 0.05). These results indicate that dietary supplementation of 2%Chlorella powder in the commercial diets could improve growth, feed utilization, serum cholesterol level, and whole-body fat contents in juvenile Japanese flounder. [source] Mini Nutritional Assessment in geriatric rehabilitation: Inter-rater reliability and relationship to body composition and nutritional biochemistryNUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 3 2007Sonja A. NEUMANN Abstract Aim:, To determine the inter-rater reliability of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and relationship with body composition and nutritional biochemistry among older Australians undergoing rehabilitation. Methods:, Thirty-eight adults aged ,65 years were prospectively and consecutively recruited from an Australian rehabilitation ward. Two dietitians independently administered the 18-item MNA to determine inter-rater reliability. MNA classifications (well nourished, at risk of malnutrition, malnourished) were compared with body composition (using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and serum albumin. These analyses were also performed for the short-form version of the MNA (six items). Results:, In this cross-sectional study, inter-rater reliability of the 18-item MNA score, estimated by the intraclass correlation coefficient, was 0.833, while inter-rater reliability estimated by the weighted kappa index was 0.53. The two raters reached agreement on MNA classification for 26 of 38 cases (68%). Women classified as malnourished/at risk of malnutrition using the 18-item MNA had lower total body fat (11 kg vs 29 kg, P < 0.01) and per cent body fat (25% vs 40%, P < 0.01), compared with women classified as well nourished. Similar findings were not apparent for men, although men classified as malnourished/at risk of malnutrition had lower serum albumin (32 g/L vs 36 g/L, P = 0.04) compared with men classified as well nourished. Similar findings were evident for the short-form version of the MNA. Conclusion:, The MNA was found to be useful for identifying older women with lower body fat in the Australian rehabilitation setting. The 18-item MNA score has substantial inter-rater reliability, and fair inter-rater reliability when used according to the classifications. Inclusion of subjective and self-reported items in surveys can be problematic for optimal reliability as can the use of such items in a subject population that is experiencing rapid progress in recovery. [source] | ||||||||||