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Lower Body (lower + body)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences40%
Life Sciences40%

Terms modified by Lower Body

  • lower body fat
  • lower body mass
    		•
  • lower body mass index
  • lower body negative pressure
    		•
  • lower body weight

    • Selected Abstracts

    Generating Consistent Motion Transition via Decoupled Framespace Interpolation

    COMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM, Issue 3 2000
    G. Ashraf
    The framespace interpolation algorithm abstracts motion sequences as 1D signals, and interpolates between them to create higher dimension signals, with weights drawn from a user specified curve in a bounded region. We reformulate the algorithm to achieve motion-state based transition via dynamic warping of framespaces and automatic transition timing via framespace frequency interpolation. Basis motions displaying diverse coordination configurations between upper and lower body-halves, cannot be consistently corresponded at a macro level. We address this problem here, through decoupled blending of these halves to achieve true consistency, and eliminate accumulated phase differences via cosine phase warp functions. This generalization enables interpolation of motions with diverse coordinations between the upper and lower bodies. [source]

    Repair of porcine articular cartilage defect with a biphasic osteochondral composite,

    JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 10 2007
    Ching-Chuan Jiang
    Abstract Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has been recently used to treat cartilage defects. Partly because of the success of mosaicplasty, a procedure that involves the implantation of native osteochondral plugs, it is of potential significance to consider the application of ACI in the form of biphasic osteochondral composites. To test the clinical applicability of such composite construct, we repaired osteochondral defect with ACI at low cell-seeding density on a biphasic scaffold, and combined graft harvest and implantation in a single surgery. We fabricated a biphasic cylindrical porous plug of DL-poly-lactide-co-glycolide, with its lower body impregnated with ,-tricalcium phosphate as the osseous phase. Osteochondral defects were surgically created at the weight-bearing surface of femoral condyles of Lee-Sung mini-pigs. Autologous chondrocytes isolated from the cartilage were seeded into the upper, chondral phase of the plug, which was inserted by press-fitting to fill the defect. Defects treated with cell-free plugs served as control. Outcome of repair was examined 6 months after surgery. In the osseous phase, the biomaterial retained in the center and cancellous bone formed in the periphery, integrating well with native subchondral bone with extensive remodeling, as depicted on X-ray roentgenography by higher radiolucency. In the chondral phase, collagen type II immunohistochemistry and Safranin O histological staining showed hyaline cartilage regeneration in the experimental group, whereas only fibrous tissue formed in the control group. On the International Cartilage Repair Society Scale, the experimental group had higher mean scores in surface, matrix, cell distribution, and cell viability than control, but was comparable with the control group in subchondral bone and mineralization. Tensile stress,relaxation behavior determined by uni-axial indentation test revealed similar creep property between the surface of the experimental specimen and native cartilage, but not the control specimen. Implanted autologous chondrocytes could survive and could yield hyaline-like cartilage in vivo in the biphasic biomaterial construct. Pre-seeding of osteogenic cells did not appear to be necessary to regenerate subchondral bone. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1277,1290, 2007 [source]

    Predictors of the placebo response in functional dyspepsia

    ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 7 2006
    N. J. TALLEY
    Summary Background, Trials in functional dyspepsia report placebo response rates of 30% to 40%. Aim, We aimed to identify predictors of the placebo response. Methods, Patients from primary, secondary and tertiary practices with functional dyspepsia defined by Rome II criteria were enrolled into one of four clinical trials; 220 patients were randomized to receive placebo. Scintigraphic assessment of gastric emptying at baseline was repeated at the end of the treatment in those with delayed emptying. After a 2 week run-in period, patients were followed for 8 weeks on placebo. Response was assessed on a weekly basis and a responder was defined as satisfactory relief of meal-related symptoms on at least 50% of weeks. Results, The mean age was 44 years (range 18,82) and 74% were female; 76 (35%) were placebo responders. The predominant symptom was an unstable measure over the trial. Independent predictors of a lower placebo response were lower body mass index and a more consistent predominant symptom pattern (both P < 0.05). No association was seen with age, gender, centre type, baseline symptom score, baseline or change in gastric emptying, or baseline quality of life. Conclusion, In functional dyspepsia, a consistent predominant symptom pattern and lower body mass index may be associated with a lower placebo response rate. [source]

    Changes in body fat distribution in relation to parity in American women: A covert form of maternal depletion

    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2006
    William D. Lassek
    Abstract Using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), conducted from 1988,1994, we investigated the effect of reproduction on the distribution of body fat in well-nourished American women. While women tend to gain weight and fat with succeeding pregnancies, if age and body mass index are controlled, increasing parity is associated with a decrease in hip and thigh circumferences, suprailiac and thigh skinfolds, and body fat estimated from skinfolds, while waist circumference increases, resulting in a relative decrease in lower-body fat. The mobilization of fat stores in the lower body during late pregnancy and lactation may help to meet the special needs of the developing brain for essential fatty acids and energy during the time of peak growth. When fat is regained after the postpartum period, relatively more is stored in central vs. peripheral depots, resulting in a patterned change in body shape with parity. Am J Phys Anthropol 131:295,302, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    Changes in cerebral oxygenation in children undergoing surgical repair of ventricular septal defects

    ANAESTHESIA, Issue 1 2003
    Y. Morimoto
    Summary There have been few published studies on changes in cerebral oxygenation during paediatric cardiac surgery as measured by conventional near-infrared spectroscopy. We studied changes in cerebral oxygenation in 16 children undergoing surgical repair of ventricular septal defects. Fifteen of the patients showed similar patterns of changes: brain tissue concentrations of oxyhaemoglobin decreased significantly during cardiopulmonary bypass, whereas there was no significant change in brain tissue concentrations of deoxyhaemoglobin. In the remaining patient, who suffered decreased blood flow to the lower body during surgery, the pattern of changes was different to that of the other subjects. This patient suffered postoperative respiratory and renal failure. This study suggests that conventional near-infrared spectroscopy may be useful for clinical monitoring during ventricular septal defect repair. [source]