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Lower Age Limit (lower + age_limit)
Selected AbstractsEvolution of the Pan-African Wadi Haimur metamorphic sole, Eastern Desert, EgyptJOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY, Issue 6 2000H. Abd El-Naby By comparison with the general features of metamorphic soles (e.g. vertical and lateral extension, metamorphic grade and diagnostic mineral parageneses, deformation and dominant rock types), it is inferred that the amphibolites, metagabbros and hornblendites of the Wadi Um Ghalaga,Wadi Haimur area in the southern part of the Eastern Desert of Egypt represent the metamorphic sole of the Wadi Haimur ophiolite belt. The overlying ultramafic rocks represent overthrusted mantle peridotite. Mineral compositions and thermobarometric studies indicate that the rocks of the metamorphic sole record metamorphic conditions typical of such an environment. The highest P,T conditions (c. 700 °C and 6.5,8.5 kbar) are preserved in clinopyroxene amphibolites and garnet amphibolites from the top of the metamorphic sole, which is exposed in the southern part of the study area. The massive amphibolites and metagabbros further north (Wadi Haimur) represent the basal parts of the sole and show the lowest P,T conditions (450,620 °C and 4.7,7.8 kbar). The sole is the product of dynamothermal metamorphism associated with the tectonic displacement of ultramafic rocks. Heat was derived mainly from the hot overlying mantle peridotites, and an inverted P,T gradient was caused by dynamic shearing during ophiolite emplacement. Sm/Nd dating of whole-rock,metamorphic mineral pairs yields similar ages of c. 630 Ma for clinopyroxene and hornblende, which is interpreted as a lower age limit for ophiolite formation and an upper age limit for metamorphism. A younger Sm/Nd age for a garnet-bearing rock (c. 590 Ma) is interpreted as reflecting a meaningful cooling age close to the metamorphic peak. Hornblende K/Ar ages in the range 570,550 Ma may reflect thermal events during late orogenic granite magmatism. [source] Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in infants.PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 5 2007A survey of members of the Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain, Ireland Summary Background:, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used as perioperative analgesics. Many are currently used off label. Diclofenac is currently licensed for use in children over 1 year of age for the treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, while ibuprofen is licensed for use in children weighing over 7 kg. The dose and interval in children is currently extrapolated from adult studies, as the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data are lacking in infants. Methods:, A postal questionnaire was sent to members of the Association of Paediatric Anaesthetist of Great Britain and Ireland seeking to clarify members' prescribing patterns of NSAIDs, especially in infants. Information regarding the choice of NSAIDS, route of administration, lower age limit, dose interval, dose and practice in two specific perioperative contexts (adenotonsillectomy and open heart surgery) was sought. Results:, The response rate was 80%. NSAIDs are used by 86% of responders in infants. Diclofenac is most commonly used intraoperatively (78%); while ibuprofen (73%) was used more frequently postoperatively. NSAIDs are used by 21% of respondents in ICU. Commonest routes of administration were oral (81%) and rectal (80%), rarely intravenously (9%). The commonest dose for diclofena is 1 mg·kg,1 (59%); the dosing schedule employed being 8 hourly in 53% of cases. NSAIDs are used by 57% of responders as part of their analgesic regime for adenotonsillectomies. Conclusion:, Members of the Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland commonly prescribe NSAIDs in infants. This is despite the dearth of PK and PD data in this age group. [source] Case Report: Combined Pancreas and En Bloc Kidney Transplantation Using a Bladder Patch Technique From Very Small Pediatric DonorsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 9 2010J. Sageshima Very small pediatric donors are underutilized for pancreas and kidney transplantation for the fear of inadequate islet mass and higher incidence of technical complications, and the lower age limit for such donors is not well defined. We present here two cases of combined pancreas and en bloc kidney transplantation from very small pediatric donors (14 and 18 months old) to adult type 1 diabetic and uremic patients. The conventional surgical procedure for simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation with systemic venous and bladder exocrine drainage was successfully applied to very small organs. For both, we utilized the recently described bladder patch technique for ureteral reconstruction. One patient developed venous thrombosis (partial thrombosis of the splenic and mesenteric veins) and the other urine leak (from a midportion of the medial ureter without compromising the bladder patch) after the transplants; both were successfully managed and the patients demonstrated immediate and sustained pancreas and kidney graft functions for 12 and 2 months posttransplantation. These cases illustrate the feasibility of combined pancreas and en bloc kidney transplantation from very small pediatric donors using a bladder patch technique to avoid small ureteral anastomosis. [source] Parent-proxy report of their children's health-related quality of life: an analysis of 13 878 parents' reliability and validity across age subgroups using the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core ScalesCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 5 2007Richard Reading Parent-proxy report of their children's health-related quality of life: an analysis of 13 878 parents' reliability and validity across age subgroups using the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales . VarniJ. W., LimbersC. A. & BurwinkleT. M. ( 2007 ) Health and Quality of Life Outcomes , 5 , 2 . DOI:10.1186/1477-7525-5-2. Background, Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measurement has emerged as an important health outcome in clinical trials, clinical practice improvement strategies, and healthcare services research and evaluation. While paediatric patient self-report should be considered the standard for measuring perceived HRQOL, there are circumstances when children are too young, too cognitively impaired, too ill or fatigued to complete an HRQOL instrument, and reliable and valid parent-proxy report instruments are needed in such cases. Further, it is typically parents' perceptions of their children's HRQOL that influences healthcare utilization. Data from the PedsQL DatabaseSM were utilized to test the reliability and validity of parent-proxy report at the individual age subgroup level for ages 2,16 years as recommended by recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines. Methods, The sample analysed represents parent-proxy report age data on 13 878 children ages 2,16 years from the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales DatabaseSM. Parents were recruited from general paediatric clinics, sub-specialty clinics and hospitals in which their children were being seen for well-child checks, mild acute illness or chronic illness care (n = 3,718, 26.8%), and from a State Children's Health Insurance Program in California (n = 10 160, 73.2%). Results, The percentage of missing item responses for the parent-proxy report sample as a whole was 2.1%, supporting feasibility. The majority of the parent-proxy report scales across the age subgroups exceeded the minimum internal consistency reliability standard of 0.70 required for group comparisons, while the total scale scores across the age subgroups approached or exceeded the reliability criterion of 0.90 recommended for analysing individual patient scale scores. Construct validity was demonstrated utilizing the known groups approach. For each PedsQL scale and summary score, across age subgroups, healthy children demonstrated a statistically significant difference in HRQOL (better HRQOL) than children with a known chronic health condition, with most effect sizes in the medium-to-large effect size range. Conclusion, The results demonstrate the feasibility, reliability and validity of parent-proxy report at the individual age subgroup for ages 2,16 years. These analyses are consistent with recent FDA guidelines which require instrument development and validation testing for children and adolescents within fairly narrow age groupings and which determine the lower age limit at which reliable and valid responses across age categories are achievable. Even as paediatric patient self-report is advocated, there remains a fundamental role for parent-proxy report in paediatric clinical trials and health services research. [source] Ar-Ar ages and thermal histories of enstatite meteoritesMETEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE, Issue 5 2010Donald D. BOGARD In this study, we report 39Ar- 40Ar dating results for five EL chondrites: Khairpur, Pillistfer, Hvittis, Blithfield, and Forrest; five EH chondrites: Parsa, Saint Marks, Indarch, Bethune, and Reckling Peak 80259; three igneous-textured enstatite meteorites that represent impact melts on enstatite chondrite parent bodies: Zaklodzie, Queen Alexandra Range 97348, and Queen Alexandra Range 97289; and three aubrites, Norton County, Bishopville, and Cumberland Falls Several Ar-Ar age spectra show unusual 39Ar recoil effects, possibly the result of some of the K residing in unusual sulfide minerals, such as djerfisherite and rodderite, and other age spectra show 40Ar diffusion loss. Few additional Ar-Ar ages for enstatite meteorites are available in the literature. When all available Ar-Ar data on enstatite meteorites are considered, preferred ages of nine chondrites and one aubrite show a range of 4.50,4.54 Ga, whereas five other meteorites show only lower age limits over 4.35,4.46 Ga. Ar-Ar ages of several enstatite chondrites are as old or older as the oldest Ar-Ar ages of ordinary chondrites, which suggests that enstatite chondrites may have derived from somewhat smaller parent bodies, or were metamorphosed to lower temperatures compared to other chondrite types. Many enstatite meteorites are brecciated and/or shocked, and some of the younger Ar-Ar ages may record these impact events. Although impact heating of ordinary chondrites within the last 1 Ga is relatively common for ordinary chondrites, only Bethune gives any significant evidence for such a young event. [source] | ||||||||||