Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Lower Ability (lower + ability)
Selected AbstractsLower ability to oxidize lipids in adult patients with growth hormone (GH) deficiency: reversal under GH treatmentCLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 4 2006F. Brandou Summary Background, The aim of the study was to characterize lipid oxidation at exercise in adults with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and to evaluate the effect of 6 and 12 months of GH replacement therapy on substrate carbohydrate (CHO) and lipid utilization at exercise. Patients and measurements, Twenty-five patients with GHD and 40 matched controls participated in the study. Ten of the 25 GH-deficient patients were treated with recombinant GH for 12 months. Anthropometric measurements and exercise calorimetry were performed before and after treatment. Maximal fat oxidation and the crossover point [that is the percentage of the theoretical maximal power (Wmax th) where CHO become the predominant fuel used for oxidation] were determined. Results and conclusion, The GH-deficient patients exhibited a highly significant shift in the balance of substrate oxidation during exercise, towards a decrease in fat oxidation, and a shift towards lower intensities of the crossover (52 ± 5·5%vs. 72·6 ± 6·6% of Wmax th, P < 0·03) and maximal fat oxidation (131·04 ± 14 vs. 234·4 ± 30·1 mg/min, P < 0·03) in the GHD and control groups, respectively. However, GH treatment at 6 and 12 months partially reversed this defect, resulting in an increase (+83%, P < 0·001) in the maximal ability to oxidize fat during exercise. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a lack of GH reduces the ability to oxidize lipids during exercise and that GH treatment restores this muscular metabolic property. [source] The Role of Anxiety in Seeking and Retaining Risk Information: Testing the Risk Perception Attitude Framework in Two StudiesHUMAN COMMUNICATION RESEARCH, Issue 2 2006Monique Mitchell Turner Despite the importance of health information seeking, not all people engage in such behaviors, especially when thinking about the disease is distressing. The focus of this paper is to examine the antecedents of information seeking and retention. Based on individuals' risk perception and efficacy beliefs, the risk perception attitude framework is used to formulate four groups: responsive (high risk, high efficacy), avoidance (high risk, low efficacy), proactive (low risk, high efficacy), and indifference (low risk, low efficacy). In Study 1, a 2 (risk) × 2 (efficacy) between-subjects experiment, participants' perceived risk to skin cancer and skin cancer,related efficacy beliefs were induced to determine their information seeking, retention, and intentions to engage in future seeking. The responsive group, as predicted, was associated with the most information-seeking behaviors and information-seeking intentions. The avoidance group, however, sought information but exhibited the lowest retention scores. These results were used to derive two predictions,the incredulity hypothesis and the anxiety-reduction hypothesis,that were then tested in Study 2. Study 2, also a 2 (risk) × 2 (efficacy) between-subjects experiment dealing with diabetes, found support for the anxiety-reduction hypothesis, which argues that the high-risk, low-efficacy group experiences more anxiety, which leads to high motivations to seek, but lower ability to retain information. [source] Personal and social determinants of health services utilization by Mexican older peopleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OLDER PEOPLE NURSING, Issue 3 2010Maria Isabel Peñarrieta De Córdova PhD de córdova m.i.p., mier n., curi e.j.m., gómez t.g., quirarte n.h.g. & barrios f.f. (2009) Personal and social determinants of health services utilization by Mexican older people. International Journal of Older People Nursing 5, 193,201 doi: 10.1111/j.1748-3743.2009.00193.x Background., Increased healthcare needs among older individuals around the world demands a better understanding of factors influencing healthcare service utilization patterns. Objective., To examine personal and social correlates to health services utilization among Mexican older persons. Design and methods., This was a cross-sectional study conducted between 2004 and 2006 with 2030 Mexican adults 60 years and older and based on a health services utilization framework. A two-stage cluster sampling with probability proportionate to size was used. Participants were randomly selected and recruited in four metropolitan areas in Northeastern Mexico. Chi-square and Pearson's chi-squared tests and logistic regression were used for data analyses. Results., Significantly more women than men had lost a spouse and were illiterate. Also, females reported significantly poorer health, higher nutritional risk and lower ability to perform activities of daily and instrumental living than males. Predictors of healthcare utilization were: Having a caregiver during an illness; perceiving to have a health problem; being able to afford food, and having children. Conclusions., Predisposing, enabling and need factors are strong predictors of health services utilization among Mexican older persons. In addition, gender differences exist among this population in relation to health status, but not to health services demands. [source] Heat-induced Changes in Angel Food Cakes Containing Egg-white Protein or Whey Protein IsolateJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 8 2002C.W. Pernell ABSTRACT: Angel food cakes made from egg white or whey protein foams were compared. Cakes were evaluated based on final volume, dynamic volume change, and rheological transitions during baking. Cake expansion during baking was a function of protein concentration regardless of protein type. Cakes containing whey proteins had a lower ability to prevent collapse once starch gelatinization started during baking. Heat-treating whey proteins or adding xanthan gum increases cake volume, but not to the extent of egg-white proteins. Cakes containing egg-white proteins became more elastic at 60 to 85 °C than those containing whey proteins, indicating physical differences in the heat-set protein foam network associated with protein type. [source] Adults with intellectual disabilities: prevalence, incidence and remission of self-injurious behaviour, and related factorsJOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, Issue 3 2009S.-A. Cooper Abstract Background Self-injurious behaviour (SIB) is a serious condition, with implications for the person, their family and financial costs to the state providing care. The previously reported prevalence of SIB has ranged from 1.7% to 41%, or 1.7%,23.7% in community studies. There has been little study of remission rate, and incidence has not previously been reported. SIB has been reported to be individually associated with lower ability, autism and communication impairments, but given the inter-relationships between these three factors, it is not known whether they are independently associated with SIB. This study investigates the point prevalence, incidence and remission rates of SIB among the adult population with intellectual disabilities (ID), and explores which factors are independently associated with SIB. Method A prospective cohort study design was used in a general community setting. The participants were all adults (16 years and over) with ID in a defined geographical area. Individual assessments were conducted with all participants. Results The point prevalence of SIB (as defined by DC-LD) was 4.9%, the two-year incidence was 0.6%, and two-year remission rate was 38.2%. Independently related to SIB were: lower ability level, not living with a family carer, having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, visual impairment, and not having Down syndrome. Other factors, including communication impairment, autism, and level of deprivation of the area resided within, were not related. Conclusions SIB is not as enduring and persistent as previously thought; a significant proportion gains remission in this time period. This should provide hope for families, paid carers and professionals, and reduce therapeutic nihilism. Our study is a first tentative step towards identifying risk-markers for SIB, and developing aetiological hypotheses for subsequent testing. The extent to which SIB may be a relapsing-remitting (episodic) condition requires further investigation, so does further hypothesis-based investigation of factors that might be predictive of incidence of, and remission from, SIB. [source] Adults with intellectual disabilities: prevalence, incidence and remission of aggressive behaviour and related factorsJOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, Issue 3 2009S.-A. Cooper Abstract Introduction Aggressive behaviours can be disabling for adults with intellectual disabilities (ID), with negative consequences for the adult, their family and paid carers. It is surprising how little research has been conducted into the epidemiology of these needs, given the impact they can have. This study investigates point prevalence, 2-year incidence and 2-year remission rates for aggressive behaviour (physically aggressive, destructive and verbally aggressive), and it investigates which factors are independently associated with aggressive behaviour. Methods All adults with ID , within a geographically defined area of Scotland, UK , were recruited to a longitudinal cohort. At baseline, assessments were undertaken of demography, lifestyle, supports, development, problem behaviours, disabilities and physical and mental health. These were repeated for a 2-year period. Results At baseline, the participation rate was 1023 (65.5%). After 2 years, the cohort retention was 651 adults. The point prevalence of Diagnostic Criteria for Psychiatric Disorders for Use with Adults with Learning Disabilities/Mental Retardation (DC-LD) aggressive behaviour was 9.8% (95% confidence interval = 8.0,11.8%), 2-year incidence was 1.8%, and 2-year remission rate from all types of aggressive behaviour meeting DC-LD criteria was 27.7%. The factors independently associated with aggressive behaviours were lower ability, female gender, not living with a family carer, not having Down syndrome, having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and having urinary incontinence. Incidence of aggressive behaviour meeting DC-LD criteria in adult life is similar to that for each of psychotic, anxiety and organic disorders. Conclusions Aggressive behaviour is common among adults with ID, but contrary to previous suggestions, more than a quarter remit within the short to medium term. This is important knowledge for professionals as well as the person and her/his family and paid carers. There is much yet to learn about the mechanisms underpinning aetiology and maintenance of aggressive behaviour in this population, and exploratory epidemiological investigations such as this have a role to play in progressing research towards further hypothesis testing and trials to influence clinical practice, service development and policy. [source] Release mechanisms from gentamicin loaded poly(lactic- co -glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticlesJOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 3 2002Wolfgang Friess Abstract To provide local gentamicin delivery for 1 week based on a biodegradable system, poly(lactic- co -glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles were developed utilizing a 50/50 blend of Resomer® RG 502H, an uncapped variety of 13.5 kD, and Resomer® RG 503, an endcapped polymer of 36.2 kD. The liberation mechanism was investigated by analysis of morphological changes and thermal analysis focusing on the polymer glass transition temperature (Tg) and the mechanical properties. The release of gentamicin was related to a structural breakdown of the particles reaching a critical molecular weight. A Tg of <,37°C in the hydrated state was not indicative of collapse and agglomeration of the particles because the mechanical strength of the polymer structures in the rubbery state may still render sufficient support. As the gap between incubation temperature and Tg widened, the mechanical stability of the PLGA microparticles decreased and became decisive. Particles prepared with RG 502H show a lower ability to bear mechanical stress than RG 503 and 50/50 RG 502H/RG 503 microparticles. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 91: 845,855, 2002 [source] | |||||||||||||