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Low Bone Density (low + bone_density)
Selected AbstractsVertebral Fractures in Beijing, China: The Beijing Osteoporosis ProjectJOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 10 2000Xu Ling Abstract Women in China have much lower risk of hip fracture than women in Europe or North America but their risk of vertebral fractures is not known. Lateral spine radiographs, hip and lumbar spine bone density, and potential risk factors for and consequences of vertebral fractures were assessed in a random sample of 402 women age 50 years or older living in Beijing, China. The prevalence of vertebral fractures, defined by vertebral morphometry, increased from 5% (95% CI, 1,9%) in 50- to 59-year olds to 37% (27-46%) among women age 80 years or older. The age-standardized prevalence of vertebral fractures was 5.5% lower than found by similar methods for women in Rochester, MN, U.S.A. Each SD lower spine bone mineral density (BMD) was associated with a 2.4-fold (1.7-3.5) increased odds of having a vertebral fracture. Women with a history of heavy physical labor had a lower risk of vertebral fractures. Vertebral fractures were associated with decreased height loss and limited physical function but not chronic back pain. Women in Beijing, China have lower bone density and a slightly lower rate of vertebral fracture than white women in the United States. Low bone density and more sedentary occupations increase the risk of fracture in women living in urban China. [source] Osteoporosis and the Global Competition for Health Care Resources,JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 7 2004L Joseph Melton III Abstract Global aging superimposed on existing infectious diseases and trauma will aggravate competition for health care resources to diagnose and treat osteoporosis. Efforts to implement public health measures are needed, but the targeted approach to assessment and treatment of high-risk individuals must also be refined. Increases in the elderly population worldwide will cause a dramatic rise in osteoporotic fractures, but other age-related diseases will increase as well. Changes will be superimposed on existing public health problems (e.g., malaria, alcoholism), and these acute health care needs will take priority in some areas. Societies in most parts of the world may have to limit osteoporosis control to broad public health measures, and such efforts (e.g., calcium and vitamin D supplementation) should be supported. In these regions, clinical decision-making will generally be limited to treating patients with fractures (who presumably have already failed any public health measures in place), or in a few wealthy countries, to patients with low bone density identified by case-finding. Case-finding approaches will vary with the resources available, although unselective (mass) screening by bone densitometry is largely ineffective and unaffordable anywhere. The key to clinical decision-making on behalf of individuals will be an assessment of absolute fracture risk, and the tools needed to predict the risk of an osteoporotic fracture over the next 10 years are now being developed. These include bone density measures, but also incorporate other risk factors (e.g., fracture history, corticosteroid use), which may allow extension of fracture risk prediction to nonwhite populations and to men. Even with a universal risk prediction tool, cost-effective treatment thresholds will vary by country based on the level of fracture risk in the region and on the resources available for health care. To better compete for these resources, efforts should be made to lower the cost of osteoporosis interventions. Additionally, evidence is needed that these interventions are really effective in reducing fractures in the community. [source] Heritability of bone density: Regional and gender differences in monozygotic twinsJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 2 2009Kevin Y. Tse Abstract Bone mineral density (BMD) is a measure of a person's skeletal mineral content, and assessing BMD by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) can help to diagnose diseases of low bone density. In this study, we determine the heritability of BMD in male and female monozygotic twin subjects using DEXA in 13 specific anatomical regions. In an attempt to quantify the genetic contribution of gender and skeletal region to BMD heritability, we scanned 14 pairs of identical twins using DEXA and calculated the broad-sense heritability coefficient (H2) in each of the 13 different body regions. The region of the body that was most heritable for both genders was the head (H2,,,95%). When males were compared to females, H2 values for male hip (H2,=,87%) and lower extremities (H2,=,90%) were higher than those in females (H2,=,49% and 56%, respectively). Conversely, H2 value for the female pelvis (H2,=,68%) was higher than that for males (H2,=,26%). These data show that different regions of the skeleton exhibit different degrees of heritability, and that the variation depends on gender. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:150,154, 2009 [source] Effect of a Comprehensive Lifestyle Modification Program on the Bone Density of Male Heavy DrinkersALCOHOLISM, Issue 5 2010Toshifumi Matsui Background:, Heavy alcohol drinking is implicated in osteoporosis. Although abstinence is rapidly followed by a restoration of osteoblastic activity, little is known about the contributions of alcohol-related factors or the effectiveness of a lifestyle modification program (LMP) on bone density. Methods:, We conducted a study of 138 male alcoholic patients to investigate whether drinking history and concurrent factors were associated with the bone density of the calcaneus. A 2.5-months LMP in an institutionalized setting was completed by 20 of them, and its effect on bone density, serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), and 1.25-(OH)2 vitamin D levels were assessed. Results:, The patients had a high prevalence of daytime drinking (93.5%), continuous drinking (84.1%), and current smoking (82.0%) with mean duration of alcohol abuse of 30.0 ± 12.8 years. The patients had lower bone density than a reference control group (Z-scores: ,0.45 ± 1.02). Multiple stepwise regression analysis identified age, poor activities of daily living (ADL), continuous drinking, absence of liver cirrhosis, depression, and dementia as determinants of low bone density. The bone density of the 20 participants in the LMP improved 2.3% (p = 0.0003) with a more ameliorating effect on bone density than a conventional abstinence therapy (p = 0.014 for interventional effect). The upper normal range of PTH levels at baseline were significantly decreased, and 1.25-(OH)2 vitamin D levels also had a trend toward decrease during the abstinence. Conclusions:, Alcoholic patients may have many complications such as poor ADL and dementia, which are independently associated with decreased bone density. The results of this study support the idea that comprehensive approach to lifestyle factors to minimize risk of osteoporosis is the best way to improve bone density. [source] | ||||||||||