Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Longer Life Expectancy (longer + life_expectancy)
Selected AbstractsNutritional ecology and diachronic trends in Paleolithic diet and healthEVOLUTIONARY ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 5 2003Bryan Hockett Modern nutritional studies have found that diverse diets are linked to lower infant mortality rates and longer life expectancies in humans. This is primarily because humans require more than fifty essential nutrients for growth and cell maintenance and repair; most of these essential nutrients must come from outside food sources rather than being manufactured by the body itself; and a diversity of food types is required to consume the full suite of essential nutrients necessary for optimal human health. These principles and their related affects on human adaptations and demography are the hallmarks of a theoretical paradigm defined as nutritional ecology. This essay applies concepts derived from nutritional ecology to the study of human evolution. Principles of nutritional ecology are applied to the study of the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition in order to broadly illustrate the interpretive ramifications of this approach. At any stage in human evolution, those hominid populations that chose to diversify their subsistence base may have had a selective advantage over competitors who restricted their diet principally to one food type, such as terrestrial mammals. [source] Assessing gender inequality in the Turkish pension systemINTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SECURITY REVIEW, Issue 2 2008Adem Y. Elveren Abstract Since the 1990s, the welfare regime in Turkey has become more market-oriented. The introduction of the Individual Pension System (IPS), a privately managed defined contribution scheme, is part of this process. This paper uses an autoregressive stochastic model in order to show the total effect of specific disadvantages, such as a shorter working life, less earnings, longer life expectancy, real wage growth, administrative cost and risk aversion, on the retirement benefits of women in Turkey. Using an actuarial model, the article aims to contribute to the literature by investigating the gender gap in the Turkish defined contribution scheme. [source] Osteoporosis in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus,JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 9 2007Lorenz C Hofbauer MD Abstract Demographic trends with longer life expectancy and a lifestyle characterized by low physical activity and high-energy food intake contribute to an increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for osteoporotic fractures. Patients with recent onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus may have impaired bone formation because of the absence of the anabolic effects of insulin and amylin, whereas in long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus, vascular complications may account for low bone mass and increased fracture risk. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus display an increased fracture risk despite a higher BMD, which is mainly attributable to the increased risk of falling. Strategies to improve BMD and to prevent osteoporotic fractures in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus may include optimal glycemic control and aggressive prevention and treatment of vascular complications. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may additionally benefit from early visual assessment, regular exercise to improve muscle strength and balance, and specific measures for preventing falls. [source] The impact of ageing on stroke subtypes, length of stay and mortality: study in the province of Teruel, SpainACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 6 2003P. J. Modrego Background and purpose , During the last three decades, there have been important advances in the diagnosis and treatment of stroke leading to a decline in mortality rates in western countries. However, the longer life expectancy and the higher proportion of elderly people in the structure of the population may partially counteract this positive trend in stroke-related mortality. The purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of a high ageing index of the population on stroke-related variables such as stroke subtypes, length of hospital stay and mortality from stroke. Methods , We analysed the data of 1850 consecutive patients with first-ever stroke retrieved from a prospective registry over a period of 8 years (1994,2001) in the province of Teruel, Spain, with two public hospitals in the catchment area. The mean age was 75.5 years (SD: 9.4) and the sex was male in 62% of cases. The variables included in the study were vascular risk factors, stroke subtypes, fatality rate, length of stay and mortality. Mortality was assessed from 1990 to 2000. Results , Arterial hypertension and atrial fibrillation were the most frequent risk factors, with an observed high frequency of cardioembolic stroke. The mean 28-day case fatality rate was 16.6%, ranging from 11.9% in 1994 to 23.4% in 1999. We found complications in 38% of patients, especially in the elderly. Fatality occurred in 20.3% of elderly subjects (65 or over) in comparison to 7.25% for those younger (Relative risk: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.47,5.3). Crude mortality rates were higher than for the general population in Spain and ranged from 169 in 1991 to 139/100,000 in 2000 with higher rates for women. However, the age-adjusted mortality rate to the standard European population was 56.6/100,000 (95% CI: 46,64) in 1999, which was similar to that found in Spain (61/100,000). Conclusions , The impact of ageing on case fatality and mortality by stroke was substantial. Whereas mortality by stroke stabilized after decreasing in our province and in Spain in the last decade, fatality rates have significantly increased in our province because of the high proportion of elderly people and to the high rate of post-stroke complications. [source] | ||||||||||