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Logistic Regression Methods (logistic + regression_methods)
Selected AbstractsScreening mammography performance and cancer detection among black women and white women in community practiceCANCER, Issue 1 2004Karminder S. Gill M.S.P.H. Abstract BACKGROUND Despite improvement in mammography screening attendance, black women continue to have poorer prognosis at diagnosis than white woman. Data from the Carolina Mammography Registry were used to evaluate whether there may be differences in mammography performance or detected cancers when comparing black women with white women who are screened by mammography. METHODS Prospectively collected data from community-based mammography facilities on 468,484 screening mammograms (79,397 in black women and 389,087 in white women) were included for study. Mammograms were linked to a pathology data base for identification of cancers. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and cancer detection rates were compared between black women and white women. Logistic regression methods were used to control for covariates associated with performance characteristics. Differences in cancer characteristics were compared between black women and white women using chi-square statistics. RESULTS Screening mammography performance results for black women compared with white women were as follows: sensitivity, odds ratio (OR) = 1.07 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.83,1.39); specificity, OR = 1.02 (95% CI, 0.98,1.06); and positive predictive value, OR = 1.07 (95% CI, 0.94,1.23). Among women with no previous screening, black women had a larger proportion of invasive tumors that measured , 2 cm (38% vs. 26%; P = 0.04). The cancer detection rate was highest among black women who reported symptoms at screening (13.9 per 1000 black women vs. 7.9 per 1000 white women). Invasive cancers in black women were poorer grade (P = 0.001), and more often had negative estrogen receptor status and progesterone receptor status (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Overall, screening mammography performed equally well in black women and white women controlling for age, breast density, and time since previous mammogram. Black women who reported symptoms had larger and higher grade tumors compared with white women. Educational efforts need to be strengthened to encourage black women to react sooner to symptoms, so that the tumors detected will be smaller and black women will have a better prognosis when they appear for mammography. Cancer 2004;100:139,48. © 2003 American Cancer Society. [source] Obesity and lifestyle risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinomaDISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS, Issue 5 2006P. J. Veugelers SUMMARY., The aim of this study was to examine the association of obesity with esophageal adenocarcinoma, and with the precursor lesions Barrett esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This case-control study included cases with GERD (n = 142), Barrett esophagus (n = 130), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 57). Controls comprised 102 asymptomatic individuals. Using logistic regression methods, we compared obesity rates between cases and controls adjusting for differences in age, gender, and lifestyle risk factors. Relative to normal weight, obese individuals were at increased risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma (Odds Ratio [OR] 4.67, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.27,17.9). Diets high in vitamin C were associated with a lower risk for GERD (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.19,0.87), Barrett esophagus (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.20,0.98), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06,0.77). For the more established risk factors, we confirmed that smoking was a significant risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma, and that increased liquor consumption was associated with GERD and Barrett esophagus. In light of the current obesity epidemic, esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence rates are expected to continue to increase. Successful promotion of healthy body weight and diets high in vitamin C may substantially reduce the incidence of this disease. [source] Isothiocyanates, glutathione S -transferase M1 and T1 polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk: A prospective study of men in Shanghai, ChinaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 11 2009Kristin A. Moy Abstract Isothiocyanates (ITC) in cruciferous vegetables may be chemopreventive against gastric cancer development. Glutathione S -transferases (GSTs) may modify the chemopreventive effect of ITC. The relationship between urinary total ITC and risk of gastric cancer was prospectively examined. Between 1986 and 1989, 18,244 middle-aged men in Shanghai, China were enrolled in a prospective study of diet and cancer and donated baseline urine and blood samples. Urinary ITC was quantified for 307 incident cases of gastric cancer that occurred during the first 16 years of follow-up, and 911 matched control subjects. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression methods. Seropositivity for antibodies to Helicobacter pylori and homozygous deletions of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were determined. Compared to the first tertile, ORs (95% CIs) of gastric cancer for the second and third tertiles of urinary total ITC were 0.83 (0.61,1.15) and 0.66 (0.47,0.94) (ptrend = 0.02). A stronger protective effect of ITC against gastric cancer development was seen among men with homozygous deletion of GSTM1 (third tertile versus first tertile, OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.27,0.93) or GSTT1 (third tertile vs. first tertile, OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.25,0.88), and particularly with deletions of both GSTM1 and GSTT1 (second and third tertiles vs. first tertile, OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.21,0.93). In this cohort of Chinese men at high risk for gastric cancer, isothiocyanates may protect against the development of gastric cancer. The protection may be stronger for individuals genetically deficient in enzymes that metabolize these chemopreventive compounds. © 2009 UICC [source] Preeclampsia and its interaction with common variants in thrombophilia genesJOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, Issue 9 2004M. P. M. De Maat Summary., Recently, it has been proposed that abnormalities in coagulation and fibrinolysis contribute to the development of preeclampsia by increasing the thrombotic tendency. This hypothesis was tested in women who have had preeclampsia (cases) compared with matched controls. Polymorphisms in the thrombophilia genes {plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 [PAI-1 ,675(4G/5G)], thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI ,438G/A and 1040C/T), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR 677C/T), factor V (FV Leiden R/Q506), prothrombin (FII 20210G/A) and factor XIIIA (FXIIIA V/L34)} were determined in 157 women with preeclampsia and 157 women with uncomplicated pregnancy. The associated risk of preeclampsia was analyzed using logistic regression methods. The frequency distributions of the genotypes of these six polymorphisms in thrombophilia genes were similar in the case and control groups. We found no differences in the prevalence of genetic risk factors of thrombosis in women with preeclampsia compared with controls, which makes it unlikely that these polymorphisms are risk factors for preeclampsia. [source] | ||||||||||