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Local Cultivars (local + cultivar)
Selected AbstractsHot air dehydration of figs (Ficus carica L.): drying kinetics and quality lossINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 7 2004Antonio Piga Summary The dehydration of fruit from fig trees is normally achieved by sun drying. There is concern about the safety of the end product, mainly because there is a risk of the development of aflatoxins. These concerns can be overcome by artificial drying (oven dehydration). Fig fruits of a local cultivar, which were either pre-treated by blanching or blanching plus sulphuring or not treated at all, underwent hot air dehydration under mild processing conditions in a pilot airflow cabinet dryer. Sampling was carried out at regular intervals to calculate the rate of dehydration and assess quality changes. Microbiological counts and nonenzymatic browning were also monitored. Pretreatments resulted in a shorter processing time, compared with control fruits. In general, a falling dehydration rate period was observed. A dramatic loss of ascorbic acid was recorded, while an informal sensorial assay of the dried fruits gave a positive assessment. [source] Effects of Brown Streak Virus Disease on Yield and Quality of Cassava in TanzaniaJOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 7-8 2001R. J. Hillocks Abstract Brown streak virus disease is the most important biotic constraint to cassava production in the coastal areas of southern Tanzania. Symptoms include foliar chlorosis and sometimes stem lesions. The disease also affects the tuberous roots which develop a yellow/brown, dry, corky necrosis within the starch-bearing tissues, sometimes accompanied by pitting and distortion, that is visible externally. The foliar symptoms of the disease often do not greatly affect plant growth, although the most sensitive cultivars may be stunted and defoliated. The main impact of the disease on the crop is by causing root necrosis. Field experiments were conducted at two sites in Tanzania to determine the effect of the disease on yield and quality of the roots. Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) decreased root weight and patches of root necrosis made roots unmarketable, although the unaffected parts might still have been suitable for home consumption. The disease therefore has two effects, one on total root yield and one on root quality, which affects marketability. The field trials showed that CBSD can decrease root weight in the most sensitive cultivars by up to 70%. The length of time between the appearance of foliar symptoms and the development of root necrosis is a varietal characteristic. In the most susceptible cultivars, root necrosis may appear within 6 months of planting cuttings derived from symptomatic mother plants. A local cultivar known as cv. Nachinyaya exhibited a form of tolerance to CBSD in which foliar symptoms appeared but the development of root necrosis was delayed allowing the full yield potential to be realized. [source] PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON PHYSICAL AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITIES OF SOME INDIGENOUS AND IMPORTANT RICE CULTIVARS OF NORTH-EASTERN HILL REGION OF INDIAJOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY, Issue 6 2008TH. PREMILA DEVI ABSTRACT The northeastern hills of India are endowed with rich source of rice germplasm, which may be safely estimated about 9,000 accessions, excluding the redundancies. Even though much of the germplasm have been collected, studies on nutritional aspects of these local cultivars are still lacking. Fifteen important indigenous rice genotypes collected from different rice growing ecosystem of this region were studied for physical and nutritional qualities. Kernel color of the genotypes varied from white to dark purple. All the genotypes except Manipuri were of bold-grain type. Most of the genotypes studied have fat contents more than 2.0%. The protein content was found higher in Chahou angouba and Naga special. Five cultivars were identified as high-protein cultivars of rice, with 10,12.07% protein content. Amylose content varied from 2.27 to 24.5%. Most of long-grained genotypes recorded lesser amylose than short grained. Chahou varieties were found aromatic and glutinous, which demand higher market prices in local market. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The north-eastern hills of India are endowed with rich source of rice germplasm, and much of the germplasm have been collected, but studies on basic and advanced nutritional aspects of these local cultivars are still lacking. This part of India has valuable rice genotypes of strong aroma, glutinous characters and slender grains with high amount of protein, fat and fiber. Having not known to the rest of the world and even to indigenous end users, some of such cultivars have already been lost, and some more are at the verge of extinction. Quality evaluation done in the present study provided useful information on their commercial exploitation and utilization in breeding programs of nutritional enhancement of rice to fight malnutrition among rice-consuming population, which is largest in the world. [source] Identification and characterization of new S -alleles associated with self-incompatibility in almondPLANT BREEDING, Issue 6 2008O. Kodad Abstract Almond is a highly heterozygous species with a high number of S -alleles controlling its gametophytic self-incompatibility system (GSI). In this work, we have analysed 14 Spanish local almond cultivars for S -RNase allele diversity. Five new S -RNase alleles were identified by cloning and sequencing, S31 (804 bp) in ,Pou de Felanitx' and ,Totsol', S32 (855 bp) in ,Taiatona', S33 (1165 bp) in ,Pou d'Establiments' and ,Muel', S34 (1663 bp) in ,Pané-Barquets' and S35 (1658 bp) in ,Planeta de les Garrigues'. Additionally, seven already known almond alleles could be recognized in the local cultivars studied. The high number of new alleles identified reveals the wide diversity of almond germplasm still existing and requiring characterization, and points to the possibility of new findings by a wider study focusing on other provenances. The almond S -RNases have been compared to those of other Prunus species, showing a high identity and confirming that the S -RNase gene in this genus presents a probable common ancestor. [source] Investigations into the causes of segregation of Ogura male sterility in Bangladeshi cultivars of radishPLANT BREEDING, Issue 4 2002M. A. Hossain Abstract In a series of three experiments during 1998-99 and 1999-2000 at Gazipur, Bangladesh, the causes of segregation of Ogura cytoplasmic genetic male sterility in local cultivars of radish were studied. Male-sterile populations at the BC5 and BC6 generations were grown under a range of field temperatures for 2 years and the results on pollen fertility tests revealed that the expression of male sterility was not affected by temperature. Neither was a genotype-year interaction found. The unexpected segregation observed in the male-sterile backcross generations might be due to the presence of restorer alleles in the maintainer parents. [source] | |||||||||||||