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Aphthous Stomatitis (aphthou + stomatitis)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences100%

Kinds of Aphthous Stomatitis

  • recurrent aphthou stomatitis
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    Selected Abstracts

    Severe aphthous stomatitis associated with oral calcineurin and mTOR inhibitors

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2010
    Nancy Habib BS
    Background, Aphthous stomatitis, a common mucocutaneous disorder, is a well accepted complication of sirolimus therapy. This association has been reported less frequently with tacrolimus. Case, We present an 11-year old male with Budd-Chiari syndrome who experienced profound worsening of chronic aphthous ulcers after immunosuppressive therapy was changed from tacrolimus to sirolimus. Conclusion, Since these drugs are used widely in the pediatric transplantation population, this report serves to heighten awareness of this debilitating phenomenon, and to stress the importance of exercising caution when sirolimus and tacrolimus are administered in combination to pediatric patients. [source]

    HLA haplotypes in recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a mode­ of inheritance?

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOGENETICS, Issue 6 2008
    E. Albanidou-Farmaki
    Summary The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic association between recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II alleles and HLA haplotypes. Families selected had at least one child suffering from recurrent aphthous stomatitis in addition to one or both of the parents. HLA-A, -B and -DR alleles were typed in 29 families, 27 nuclear and two extended (121 subjects). HLA haplotypes of all family members with RAS were compared with those who were RAS negative. Although major histocompatibility complex class I and II gene analysis failed to demonstrate any significant association between RAS and HLA antigens, the study of HLA haplotypes revealed a significant association between HLA haplotypes and susceptibility to RAS. The results indicate that susceptibility to RAS segregates in families in association with HLA haplotypes. [source]

    Smoking can be good for you

    JOURNAL OF COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2004
    R Wolf
    Summary Smoking is without doubt one of the greatest causes of avoidable illness and death in the modern world. Most well known is the relationship between smoking and numerous cancers, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease. Smoking and most especially nicotine, are, however, sometimes beneficial in certain diseases, including Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, allergic alveolitis, nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, fibroids, carcinoma of body of uterus, ulcerative colitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, aphthous stomatitis and ulceration, pemphigus, herpes simplex and acne. In the immensely justifiable enthusiasm to discredit this dangerous activity, the mechanisms behind these beneficial effects tend to have been un-discussed or ignored. It is the aim of this paper to spur interest in the reasons for these effects. If the mechanisms are elucidated, therapeutic advances may be possible. [source]

    Dysfunction of CD4+CD25high T regulatory cells in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis

    JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 8 2008
    Natalia Lewkowicz
    Background:, Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology characterized by recurring formation of painful oral ulcers. RAS may result from oral epithelium damage caused by T-cell-mediated immune response. CD4+CD25+ T regulatory (Treg) cells suppress proliferation and effector functions of other immune cells, and therefore are crucial in regulating the immune response. Methods:, We tested the function of peripheral CD4+CD25high Treg cells in active RAS through their ability to inhibit proliferation and cytokine production of conventional CD4+ T cells. We also attempted to detect the presence of FOXP3 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) mRNA in the lesional and non-lesional oral mucosa of RAS patients and healthy individuals using real-time PCR assay. Results:, Treg cells derived from RAS patients were less efficient in the suppression of cytokine production of CD4+ T effector cells than Treg cells from healthy individuals. Moreover, in RAS, Treg cells were nearly twice less potent in the inhibition of CD4+CD25, T cell proliferation than in healthy donors. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the decreased proportion of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells in peripheral blood of RAS patients compared with controls. We failed to detect FOXP3 mRNA, while IDO mRNA expression was decreased in non-lesional mucosa biopsies from RAS patients compared with ulcer biopsies or normal mucosa from healthy donors. Conclusions:, These findings suggest that CD4+CD25high Treg cells are both functionally and quantitatively compromised in RAS and that decreased constitutive expression of IDO in oral mucosa in RAS may lead to the loss of local immune tolerance. [source]

    Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in elderly people in Santiago, Chile

    JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 10 2003
    I. Espinoza
    Abstract Background:, Oral prevalence studies are important to know the state of health and the needs of treatment. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions and associated factors among aging Chileans. Methods:, A random sample by age, gender, and socioeconomic status was obtained, comprising 889 individuals older than 65 years. Individuals were interviewed and examined in Santiago, the capital of Chile, according to the World Health Organization guidelines. Results:, The prevalence of one or more oral mucosal lesions in the sample was 53%. Logistic regression model revealed that denture use increased the probability of one or more oral mucosal lesions by threefold, while age, gender, smoking, medication use, xerostomia, and social or cultural factors had no effect. The most common lesion was denture stomatitis (22.3%), followed by irritative hyperplasia (9.4%), oral mucosal varicosities (9%), solitary pigmented lesions (4%), traumatic ulcer (3.5%), angular cheilitis (2.9%), multiple pigmented lesions (2.8%), hemangioma (2.3%), lichen planus (2.1%), leukoplakia (1.7%), recurrent aphthous stomatitis (1.4%), nicotine stomatitis (1.3%), median rhomboid glossitis (0.9%), actinic cheilitis (0.9%), pyogenic granuloma (0.7%), oral squamous papiloma (0.6%), and mucocele (0.2%). One case of oral cancer was observed. Different factors increased the probability of specific oral mucosal pathologies. Conclusions:, We can conclude that oral mucosal lesions are common in elderly people in Santiago, suggesting the necessity for improved standards of prevention, and diagnostic and opportune treatment of these lesions. [source]

    Practical aspects of management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis

    JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 8 2007
    A Altenburg
    Treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) remains, to date, empirical and non-specific. The main goals of therapy are to minimize pain and functional disabilities as well as decrease inflammatory reactions and frequency of recurrences. Locally, symptomatically acting modalities are the standard treatment in simple cases of RAS. Examples include topical anaesthetics and analgesics, antiseptic and anti-phlogistic preparations, topical steroids as cream, paste or lotions, antacids like sucralfate, chemically stable tetracycline suspension, medicated toothpaste containing the enzymes amyloglucosidase and glucoseoxidase in addition to the well-known silver nitrate application. Dietary management supports the treatment. In more severe cases, topical therapies are again very useful in decreasing the healing time but fail to decrease the interval between attacks. Systemic immunomodulatory agents, like colchicine, pentoxifylline, prednisolone, dapsone, levamisol, thalidomide, azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclosporin A, interferon alpha and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists, are helpful in resistant cases of major RAS or aphthosis with systemic involvement. [source]

    Serum iron, ferritin, folic acid, and vitamin B12 levels in recurrent aphthous stomatitis

    JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 1 2002
    S Piskin
    Abstract Background The exact aetiology of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is still unknown, but different predisposing factors, including iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies, have been proposed. Material and methods Serum iron, ferritin, folic acid and vitamin B12 levels were investigated in 35 patients with RAS and in 26 healthy controls. Results Vitamin B12 levels were found significantly lower in subjects with RAS than in controls. No significant differences were found in other parameters. Conclusion We concluded that vitamin B12 deficiency may be an aetiological factor in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. [source]

    Periodic fever syndromes: a diagnostic challenge for the allergist

    ALLERGY, Issue 12 2007
    M. Lierl
    The objective was to present a case of periodic fever with aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis (PFAPA), summarize the medical literature on PFAPA, review the differential diagnosis and suggest a diagnostic approach to periodic fevers in children. A PubMed search was conducted for all case reports and series of patients with PFAPA. The references of these papers yielded further case reports. Review articles or large case series were used for sources of information regarding the other periodic fever and autoinflammatory syndromes. All cases reported as PFAPA were included in the review, even though a few of the cases may not have been accurately diagnosed. The periodic fever and autoinflammatory syndromes of childhood are a group of diseases that cause repeated febrile illnesses with various associated symptoms. Except for PFAPA, each of these diseases is caused by a known genetic mutation. Effective treatment options and long-term prognosis varies among these syndromes. Children with periodic fever or autoinflammatory syndromes sometimes present to an Allergy/Immunology clinic for immunologic evaluation. It is important for the Allergy/Immunology specialist to be familiar with the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach and treatment of these conditions. [source]

    Chronic oral ulcer associated with Candida

    MYCOSES, Issue 2 2010
    Haruhiko Terai
    Summary In the patients with HIV infection, fungal diseases may cause ulceration in the oral cavity; however, there have been few studies on oral ulcerative lesions associated with Candida in the patients without HIV infection. Our study included six patients with chronic oral ulcer of unknown origin; these patients were referred to our department after topical steroid therapy to the lesion was ineffective. Cases of traumatic ulcers and recurrent aphthous stomatitis were excluded. Blood, histopathological, culture and direct cytological examinations were performed. All the patients were treated with topical miconazole gel. Histopathological examination revealed no specific findings besides inflammatory cellular infiltration with positive haematoxylin,eosin staining in all cases. Candida spp. were isolated in four cases by culture test, and fungal pseudohyphae were revealed in four cases by direct examination. The anti-fungal treatment produced a satisfactory outcome with complete remission in five cases and remarkable response in one case. These results suggested that Candida should be considered as playing an important role in a certain oral ulcer. [source]

    Association of interleukin-1, polymorphism with recurrent aphthous stomatitis in Brazilian individuals

    ORAL DISEASES, Issue 6 2006
    ALS Guimarães
    Background:, Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of oral ulceration in an otherwise healthy individual. Some reports in the literature indicate that RAS may have immunological, psychological, genetic and microbiological bases. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible association between interleukin-1, (IL-1,) +3954 (C/T) genetic polymorphism and RAS in a sample of Brazilian patients. Subjects and methods:, Sixty-two consecutive subjects affected by minor and major forms of RAS and 62 healthy volunteers were genotyped at IL-1, (+3954). The chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis. Results:, A significant increase in the high production of IL-1, genotype CT was observed in the group with RAS (P = 0.01). After stratifying RAS patients according to the mean number of lesions per episode, a significant difference was only observed between patients with ,3 lesions in each episode and control. Conclusion:, There is an increased frequency of polymorphism associated with high IL-1, production in RAS patients. [source]

    Number VII Behçet's disease (Adamantiades syndrome)

    ORAL DISEASES, Issue 2 2006
    M Escudier
    Behçet's syndrome (BS; Adamantiades syndrome) is the association of the triple symptom complex of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) with genital ulceration, and eye disease (especially iridocyclitis) though a number of other systemic manifestations may also be seen. BS mainly affects young adult males, and there is an association with HLA-B5 and HLA-B51 (B5101). Features such as arthralgia and leucocytoclastic vasculitis suggest an immune-complex mediated basis, which is supported by finding circulating immune complexes and, although the antigen responsible is unidentified, heat shock proteins have been implicated. An inflammatory disorder, BS is now considered as a systemic vasculitis, characterised by a very wide spectrum of clinical features and by unpredictable exacerbations and remissions. [source]

    Neutrophilic Dermatoses in Children

    PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2008
    David R. Berk M.D.
    The neutrophilic dermatoses share similar clinical appearances and associated conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease, malignancies, and medications. Overlap forms of disease demonstrating features of multiple neutrophilic dermatoses may be seen. The manuscript attempts to provide an up-to-date review of (i) classical neutrophilic dermatoses, focusing on distinctive features in children and (ii) neutrophilic dermatoses which may largely be pediatric or genodermatosis-associated (Majeed, SAPHO [synovitis, severe acne, sterile palmoplantar pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis] syndrome, PAPA (pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne), PFAPA (periodic fever with aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenopathy), and other periodic fever syndromes, and congenital erosive and vesicular dermatosis healing with reticulated supple scarring). [source]

    The effect of ascorbate on minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis

    ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 3 2010
    K Yasui
    Abstract Aim:, Minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis (MRAS) is a common, painful and inflammatory ailment of the oral cavity with juvenile onset and unknown aetiology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of ascorbate (vitamin C) to reduce the frequency of MRAS and severity of pain. Patients and methods:, Sixteen MRAS patients (9 boys and 7 girls: mean age, 12.0 ± 2.4 years old) were assigned to take an oral dosage of 2000 mg/m2/day ascorbate. Subjects:, Their baseline frequency of outbreaks and the level of pains were compared during the treatment; in addition, a crossover clinical trial was performed. Polymorphonuclear leucocytes play a role in the pathogenesis, and then superoxide anion production was evaluated in prior to ascorbate treatment. Results:, The data indicated a statistically significant 50% reduction in oral ulcer outbreaks and a decline of pain level. Neutrophils were primed for superoxide anion production in the patients with MRAS. Conclusion:, Ascorbate may modulate the generation of reactive oxygen species and augment neutrophil apoptosis, which could prevent neutrophil-mediated inflammation. Ascorbate seems to be effective, but the findings of our study were preliminary and it should be re-evaluated with a larger randomized controlled clinical trials. [source]

    A clinical review of 105 patients with PFAPA (a periodic fever syndrome)

    ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2 2010
    HM Feder
    Abstract Aims:, We describe the presentations and clinical outcomes of pediatric patients diagnosed with PFAPA (Periodic Fever, Aphthous lesions, Pharyngitis, and cervical Adenitis). Materials and methods:, The medical records of children with recurrent fever and referred between 1998 and 2007 to a tertiary pediatric care hospital were reviewed. Children who met clinical criteria for PFAPA were then asked to participate in a follow-up study. Results:, One hundred and five children met study criteria for PFAPA which included at least six episodes of periodic fever. Most (62%) were males, the mean age at onset of PFAPA was 39.6 months (80% were <5 years at onset), the mean duration of individual fever episodes was 4.1 days, and the mean interval between episodes was 29.8 days. Accompanying signs and symptoms included aphthous stomatitis (38%), pharyngitis (85%), cervical adenitis (62%), headache (44%), vomiting with fever spikes (27%) and mild abdominal pain (41%). A prodrome (usually fatigue) preceded the fever in 62% of patients. Parents noted that when their child with PFAPA had fever, other family members remained well. Laboratory tests in patients with PFAPA were nonspecific. Individual episodes of fever usually resolved with a single oral dose (,1 mg/kg) of prednisilone. The interval between fever episodes shortened in 50% of patients who used prednisilone. PFAPA resolved spontaneously (mean length 33.2 months) in 211105 (20%) patients. PFAF'A episodes continued (mean length 23 months) at the end of this study in 661105 (63%) patients. Cimetidine therapy was associated with the resolution of the fevers in 7/26 (27%) patients; tonsillectomy was associated with the resolution of the fevers in 11/11 (100%) patients. Conclusion:, PFAPA can usually be defined by its clinical characteristics. Individual febrile episodes usually resolve dramatically with oral prednisilone. The cause of PFAPA is unknown and research is needed to define its etiology. The overall prognosis for children with PFAPA is excellent. [source]

    Oral ulcers: clinical aspects.

    CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2009
    A tool for dermatologists.
    Summary Oral ulcers are generally painful lesions that are related to various conditions developing within the oral cavity. They can be classified as acute or chronic according to their presentation and progression. Acute oral ulcers are be associated with conditions such as trauma, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, Behçet's disease, bacterial and viral infections, allergic reactions or adverse drug reactions. Chronic oral ulcers are associated with conditions such as oral lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris, mucosal pemphigoid, lupus erythematosus, mycosis and some bacterial and parasitic diseases. The correct differential diagnosis is necessary to establish the appropriate treatment, taking into account all the possible causes of ulcers in the oral cavity. In this second part of this two-part review, chronic oral ulcers are reviewed. [source]

    Oral ulcers: clinical aspects.

    CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2009
    A tool for dermatologists.
    Summary Oral ulcers are generally painful lesions that are related to various conditions developing within the oral cavity. They can be classified as acute or chronic according to their presentation and progression. Acute oral ulcers are be associated with conditions such as trauma, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, Behçet's disease, bacterial and viral infections, allergic reactions or adverse drug reactions. Chronic oral ulcers are associated with conditions such as oral lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris, mucosal pemphigoid, lupus erythematosus, mycosis and some bacterial and parasitic diseases. The correct differential diagnosis is necessary to establish the appropriate treatment, taking into account all the possible causes of ulcers in the oral cavity. In the first part of this two-part review, acute oral ulcers are reviewed. [source]