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Line Losses (line + loss)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Engineering50%

Selected Abstracts

A Sampling Approach for Evaluating Particle Loss During Continuous Field Measurement of Particulate Matter

PARTICLE & PARTICLE SYSTEMS CHARACTERIZATION, Issue 2 2005
Christopher A. Noble
Abstract A method for evaluating sample bias in field measurements is presented. Experiments were performed in the field and laboratory to quantify the bias as a function of particle size for the scanning mobility particle sizer and the aerodynamic particle sizer. Sources of bias and sample loss considered in this work were sampling line loss, instrumental differences and inlet efficiencies. Measurement of the bias and sample loss allow for correction of the data acquired in the field, so as to obtain more representative samples of atmospheric concentrations. Substantial losses of fine and ultrafine particle count were observed, with sampling line losses ranging from 10,50,%, dependent on particle size. Only minor line losses were observed for coarse particles (approximately 5,%) because the sampling line was oriented vertically. Please note: corrected DOI, in print wrong DOI (10.1002/ppsc.200400939) [source]

Cable model with frequency dependent parameters calculated by using subconductors

EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER, Issue 1 2003
L. Hofmann
A cable model with frequency dependent parameters in the time domain for the simulation of transients in the short time range is presented. The model is based on the division of the transmission line into m short lossless delay line segments of length ,xk = l/m, which are connected to each other by damping-networks consisting of constant ohmic resistances and by distortion-networks simulating the frequency dependence of the series impedance per unit length. The damping-networks consider ohmic line losses as well as leakage losses by shunt conductances. The distortion-networks are represented by state space equations in the time domain. One advantage of the model in comparison to generally used models is the direct determination of the model parameters from the geometrical dimensions of the line-ground configuration. This model also provides a fast and accurate algorithm. [source]

Comparison of distributed and lumped element models for analysis of filtering properties of nonlinear transmission lines

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RF AND MICROWAVE COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING, Issue 6 2002
F. Martín
Abstract The filtering properties of periodic loaded lossy transmission lines are studied from the point of view of microwave network theory. Under the condition that the per-section capacitance of the line is small compared to that of the loading capacitors, it is shown that the distributed circuit can be described accurately by means of a lumped element ladder network. The effects of transmission line losses on this approximation are also analyzed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 12, 503,507, 2002. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mmce.10050 [source]

A Sampling Approach for Evaluating Particle Loss During Continuous Field Measurement of Particulate Matter

PARTICLE & PARTICLE SYSTEMS CHARACTERIZATION, Issue 2 2005
Christopher A. Noble
Abstract A method for evaluating sample bias in field measurements is presented. Experiments were performed in the field and laboratory to quantify the bias as a function of particle size for the scanning mobility particle sizer and the aerodynamic particle sizer. Sources of bias and sample loss considered in this work were sampling line loss, instrumental differences and inlet efficiencies. Measurement of the bias and sample loss allow for correction of the data acquired in the field, so as to obtain more representative samples of atmospheric concentrations. Substantial losses of fine and ultrafine particle count were observed, with sampling line losses ranging from 10,50,%, dependent on particle size. Only minor line losses were observed for coarse particles (approximately 5,%) because the sampling line was oriented vertically. Please note: corrected DOI, in print wrong DOI (10.1002/ppsc.200400939) [source]