Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Limiting Amino Acid (limiting + amino_acid)
Selected AbstractsPotential for protein deposition and threonine requirement of modern genotype barrows fed graded levels of protein with threonine as the limiting amino acidJOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 5-6 2004H. T. Thong Summary The study was conducted to estimate the actual genetic potential for daily protein deposition of growing barrows [genotype: Piétrain × (Duroc × Landrace)]. Twenty-four pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 43.7 ± 0.7 kg were used in a N-balance study. Semi-purified diets with graded levels of crude protein (45.8, 94.2, 148.0, 198.9, 255.5 and 300.2 g/kg DM) were used, based on a constant mixture of wheat, soya bean protein concentrate and potato protein concentrate as protein sources. The amino acid pattern of the diets was according to the ideal amino acid ratio for growing pigs (Wang and Fuller, 1989), with the exception of threonine (adjusted as limiting amino acid). N-balance data were used to estimate daily N-maintenance requirement (NMR = 446 mg N/BW/day) by regression method and the theoretical maximum of daily N-retention (PDmaxT = 3115 mg N/BW/day) based on N-utilization model of Gebhardt (1966) using program Mathematica 3.0. The results indicate that PDmaxT of pigs under study is much higher than results from earlier studies with older genotypes. In summary, pigs of modern genotype have a very high genetic potential for daily protein deposition and these actual data are important basic informations for estimation of amino acid requirement within the model used. Threonine requirement data depending on threonine efficieny and protein deposition (8.96, 10.45 and 12.22 g/day for 130, 145 and 160 g daily protein deposition; 50 kg body weight) are discussed. [source] AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF SOME BRAZILIAN SEAWEED SPECIESJOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2000MÁRCIO VIANA RAMOS Fourteen common seaweed species from northeastern Brazil were examined for protein content and amino acid composition. Protein content varied greatly among the species, ranging from 2.30% (dry weight basis) in Corallina offlcinalis to 25.60%, in Amansia multifida. The species Amansia multifida, Caulerpa sertularioides. Enantiocladia dupcrreyi, Solieria filiformis and Vidalia obtusiloba had protein levels comparable to those of many edible legume seeds, above 18%. They showed high levels of acidic amino acids and reasonable levels of essential amino acids, with methionine being the first limiting amino acid for most of the species. The exceptions were Sargassum vulgare that had a very high content of methionine and Caulerpa sertularioides in which lysine is the first limiting amino acid and methionine the second limiting one. All species are rich in phenylalanine/tyrosine and threonine, and six are very good sources of lysine. The potential use of these species as food and/or feed is discussed. [source] THE POTENTIAL OF TERMINALIA CATAPPA (TROPICAL ALMOND) SEED AS A SOURCE OF DIETARY PROTEINJOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY, Issue 3 2004C.A. EZEOKONKWO ABSTRACT The nutritional value of Terminalia catappa seed as a source of dietary protein was investigated. The crude protein content of the seed was high (25.81%). The amino acid analysis showed a good pattern of the essential amino acids (EAA) (in g/16 g N) - leucine (7.32), isoleucine (3.58), valine (2.74), phenylalanine (3.04), tryptophan (0.9), methionine (1.48), lysine (3.39), threonine (2.94), histidine (2.96). Tyrosine (2.12) is the limiting amino acid. The protein quality of the seed was evaluated by in vivo bioassays using weanling male Sprague Dawley rats (50,60 g). The indices of protein quality measured include PER, BV, NPU and TD. There were positive correlation between PER and BV (r = 0.7105), PER and body weight gain (r = 0.9157), PER and nitrogen intake (r = 0.7428). The results showed that T. catappa seed protein has a good pattern of the EAA, is highly digestible, can support growth and positive nitrogen balance and thus has a high dietary protein quality. [source] Nutritional study of raw and popped seed proteins of Amaranthus caudatus L and Amaranthuscruentus LJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 10 2004Tamer H Gamel Abstract The nutritional value of raw and popped (similar to popcorn preparation) seed proteins of two amaranth species, Amaranthus caudatus L and A cruentus L, was investigated. After popping, the true protein content in A caudatus and A cruentus decreased by 9 and 13% respectively. Among the amino acids, the loss of tyrosine due to the popping effect was the highest, followed by phenylalanine and methionine. Leucine was the first limiting amino acid in the raw samples, followed by lysine, while the reverse order was observed in the popped samples. The in vivo protein quality of raw and popped seeds was tested with male weanling rats and compared with wheat flour and casein samples. There was no difference between the in vivo digestibility of the raw and the popped seeds, although the in vitro digestibility was slightly higher for the popped samples. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) for all the amaranth seed samples was higher than that for the wheat sample, while the PER for the raw amaranth seed samples was close to that for the casein reference protein. The rat blood serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol for all the amaranth samples were lower than those for the reference protein, while the wheat flour sample showed the lowest values. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Nutritional quality of red shrimp, Aristeus antennatus (Risso), pink shrimp, Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas), and Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus),JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 1 2004Rui Rosa Abstract The proximate composition, amino acid and fatty acid profiles, lipid classes and cholesterol and glycogen contents were determined in the edible part of red shrimp, Aristeus antennatus (Risso), pink shrimp, Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas), and Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus), in two distinct periods of the year. The proximate composition did not vary significantly between species or between periods of sampling. Significant differences in glycogen content were obtained between winter and summer; the lowest values were attained in winter (1.2, 1.1 and 1.0% wet weight for red shrimp, pink shrimp and Norway lobster respectively). With the exception of Norway lobster, an opposite trend was obtained for cholesterol content, ie lower values in summer (60.8 and 57.8 mg per 100 g wet weight for red shrimp and pink shrimp respectively). The major essential amino acids (EAA) were arginine, lysine and leucine and the limiting amino acid was methionine in all three crustacean species. The most important non-essential amino acids (NEAA) were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline and glycine. In respect to lipid classes, phospholipids and free cholesterol predominated. The major fatty acids were 16:0, 18:1n-9, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. The polyunsaturated fraction was dominant (42.1,48.4%), followed by the monounsaturated (26.3,34.6%) and saturated (22.9,27.4%) fatty acids. In conclusion, the nutritional quality of these shellfish species is similar, they are valuable protein and lipid sources for the human diet and are adequate elements of the traditional Portuguese diet. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Nutritive value of chicken and potato mixtures for infant and preschool children feedingJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 12 2003Angela Sotelo Abstract Two chicken/potato protein mixtures (50:50 and 60:40) were prepared for use in formulas of high nutritive value and low cost for the diet of undernourished children and those with lactose intolerance. The proximate analysis and amino acid content of the raw materials and mixtures were determined and the chemical score (CS) was calculated. The proximate analysis and amino acid content of a commercial soybean formula were used as reference. The protein quality of the mixtures was evaluated by protein efficiency ratio (PER) and digestibility measurements. The protein content of cooked chicken and potato on a dry basis was 889 and 70 g kg,1 respectively and the carbohydrate content of potato was 762 g kg,1. Tryptophan was the limiting amino acid in chicken for infants according to the 1985 FAO pattern (CS = 76), but not for preschool children. Valine was limiting in potato for both infants and preschool children (CS = 56 and 88 respectively). Tryptophan was limiting in both 50:50 and 60:40 mixtures for infants; also the PER was higher in the 60:40 mixture and not significantly different from the control (casein), but both were different from the 50:50 mixture. Since both chicken and potato are available even for low-income people, a formula prepared in the 60:40 ratio is of potential benefit for infants or preschool children who have lactose intolerance, mainly in developing countries. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Substitution of plant protein for fish meal in the diet of laying ducksANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2007Narin THONGWITTAYA ABSTRACT Fish meal is a good source of protein feed that can be used to get a high production yield even though it has a comparatively higher price. Plant protein has been found to substitute for fish meal without any adverse effect on production as well as helping to reduce feed cost. Moreover, it is not necessary for a level more than 5% fish meal in the diet of laying ducks. One type of plant protein is soybean meal, considered one of the most valuable sources of vegetable protein and whose amino acid composition is comparable to that of milk protein. In a soybean meal, the first limiting amino acid is methionine. Soybean meal can substitute for fish meal in laying ducks' diet but supplementation of methionine and lysine is recommended. Since sesame meal is rich in methionine and agrinine, 50% of soybean meal can be replaced by sesame meal without adverse effects. Leucaena leaf meal is also a valuable source of protein (26%) and carotenoids but it also has a toxic amino acid (mimosine). However, soaking leucaena leaf meal in water can remove the toxic amino acid and can be used, together with added methionine and lysine, as 10% of the diet for laying ducks. [source] | |||||||||||||