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Literature
Kinds of Literature Terms modified by Literature Selected AbstractsCAPITAL CONTROLS AS A MEANS OF MINIMISING SPECULATIVE BUBBLES IN REAL EXCHANGE RATES: KEY FEATURES OF THE LITERATURE AND ITS APPLICATION TO CHINA AND INDIAECONOMIC PAPERS: A JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMICS AND POLICY, Issue 3 2003CRAIG APPLEGATE First page of article [source] INFLUENCE OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE PHASE ON SMOKING CESSATION TREATMENT OUTCOME: A HYPOTHESIS REGARDING THE DISCORDANT FINDINGS IN THE LITERATUREADDICTION, Issue 11 2009TERESA R. FRANKLIN No abstract is available for this article. [source] ACTFL: CALL FOR APPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH PRIORITIES GRANTS: PHASE I,REVIEW OF THE LITERATUREFOREIGN LANGUAGE ANNALS, Issue 3 2010Article first published online: 16 AUG 2010 No abstract is available for this article. [source] THE DEMAND FOR BEER, WINE AND SPIRITS: A SURVEY OF THE LITERATUREJOURNAL OF ECONOMIC SURVEYS, Issue 3 2010James Fogarty Abstract The demand for alcohol literature is vast and much conflicting information about the nature of the demand for alcoholic beverages has been published. This paper presents a survey of the literature, and then uses the technique of meta-regression analysis to establish insights into the nature of the demand for beer, wine and spirits. Unlike previous meta-studies of the demand for alcoholic beverages this study adjusts for the precision of each elasticity estimate. The analysis presented suggests reported elasticity estimates will be influenced by such factors as estimation technique, data frequency and time period under consideration. With respect to time, the findings suggest that the demand for alcoholic beverages has become less inelastic since the mid-1950s and that the income elasticity has been falling since the mid-1960s. The analysis also found support for the idea that alcohol as a commodity group is a necessity, and that consumers respond to price discounting with inventory behaviour rather than true substitution behaviour. Little support is found for the idea that the demand for alcoholic beverages varies fundamentally across most countries, although wine may be an exception. [source] AUTOREGRESSIVE CONDITIONAL DURATION MODELS IN FINANCE: A SURVEY OF THE THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL LITERATUREJOURNAL OF ECONOMIC SURVEYS, Issue 4 2008Maria Pacurar Abstract This paper provides an up-to-date survey of the main theoretical developments in autoregressive conditional duration (ACD) modeling and empirical studies using financial data. First, we discuss the properties of the standard ACD specification and its extensions, existing diagnostic tests, and joint models for the arrival times of events and some market characteristics. Then, we present the empirical applications of ACD models to different types of events, and identify possible directions for future research. [source] A SURVEY OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE LITERATURE OF FINANCE AND GROWTHJOURNAL OF ECONOMIC SURVEYS, Issue 3 2008James B. Ang Abstract This paper provides a survey of the recent progress in the literature of financial development and economic growth. The survey highlights that most empirical studies focus on either testing the role of financial development in stimulating economic growth or examining the direction of causality between these two variables. Although the positive role of finance on growth has become a stylized fact, there are some methodological reservations about the results from these empirical studies. Several key issues unresolved in the literature are highlighted. The paper also points to several directions for future research. [source] CRITICISM OF LITERATURE AND CRITICISM OF CULTURERATIO, Issue 4 2009Stein Haugom Olsen There is a class of critics who are dissatisfied with the academic status of literary criticism and who want to re-establish for literary criticism the status it possessed in the early and mid nineteenth century as simultaneously cultural and social criticism. This is an impossible task. The ,cultural critics' of the nineteenth century possessed their authority because they were without competition and because they could command the attention and respect of the whole of the literate audience. However, at the end of the nineteenth century intellectual authority came to be based in specialised academic disciplines and individual authority was undermined and ultimately disappeared. At the same time, the arrival of universal literacy in Britain fragmented and ultimately destroyed the generally educated audience to which the cultural critics addressed themselves. Consequently there is today no role for the cultural critic. Literary critics cannot speak with authority about social, political, or cultural questions. They can, however, speak with authority about literature. Whether or not this criticism can be grounded in disciplinary knowledge, it serves a necessary function for an audience that no longer possesses the skill of reading literary works and lacks the background knowledge that is necessary to make sense of literature. [source] THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACCOUNTING REGULATION, EDUCATION, AND LITERATURE IN AUSTRALIA, 1788,2005AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 3 2009Garry D. Carnegie accounting history; Australia; education; literature; regulation Accounting involves the recording of events, the preparation and reporting of results and is a key medium in discharging accountability. It pervades organisations and institutions in every country and is a key element of the business fabric and economic development of any nation. This study examines the development of accounting regulation, education, and literature in Australia across five key phases of European settlement from 1788 to 2005 and presents an overview of the major historical trends in each of these periods. The development of accounting and the profession is intimately linked with significant economic development in Australia over 200 years. [source] IN THE LITERATURE: Pushing in the Wrong DirectionBIRTH, Issue 3 2006Michael C. Klein MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Confidence Interval Calculation Methods Are Infrequently Reported in Emergency-medicine LiteratureACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 1 2007Amy Marr MD Abstract Background There are many different confidence interval calculation methods, each providing different as well as in some cases inadequate interval estimates. Readers who know which method is used are better able to understand potentially significant limitations in study reports. Objectives To quantify how often confidence interval calculation methods are disclosed by authors in four peer-reviewed North American emergency-medicine journals. Methods The authors independently performed searches of four journals for all studies in which comparisons were made between means, medians, proportions, odds ratios, or relative risks. Case reports, editorials, subject reviews, and letters were excluded. Using a standardized abstraction form developed on a spreadsheet, the authors evaluated each article for the reporting of confidence intervals and evaluated the description of methodology used to calculate the confidence intervals. Results A total of 212 articles met the inclusion criteria. Confidence intervals were reported in 123 articles (58%; 95% CI = 51% to 64%); of these, a description of methodology was reported in 12 (9.8%; 95% CI = 5.7% to 16%). Conclusions Confidence interval methods of calculation are disclosed infrequently in emergency medicine literature. [source] Management of a Fetal Intrapericardial Teratoma: A Case Report and Review of the LiteratureCONGENITAL HEART DISEASE, Issue 1 2010Angela M. Fagiana MD ABSTRACT Intrapericardial teratomas are rare but potentially fatal. With prenatal ultrasound, early diagnosis and decision for treatment can be accomplished. However, the decision becomes to treat prenatally vs. waiting until the neonatal period for definitive surgical management. The most common sequelae of intrapericardial teratomas are pericardial effusion and often progression to hydrops. It is these sequelae that tend to guide management. Presented here is a case report of the diagnosis and management of a twin fetus with an intrapericardial teratoma, as well as a review of the literature. [source] Coronary Artery Fistulas: A Review of the Literature and Presentation of Two Cases of Coronary Fistulas with Drainage into the Left AtriumCONGENITAL HEART DISEASE, Issue 3 2007Scott Ceresnak MD Abstract We report 2 cases of infants presenting with a murmur shortly after birth and diagnosed with coronary artery fistulas with drainage into the left atrium. The first infant had a fistulous communication between the left main coronary artery and the left atrial appendage and presented with signs and symptoms of heart failure. The infant was repaired surgically in the first week of life. The second infant was asymptomatic and had a fistulous communication between the right coronary artery and the left atrium. The infant will have the fistula closed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory when the child is older. The literature on coronary artery fistulas is reviewed, and the diagnosis and management of coronary artery fistulas is discussed. [source] Epidemiological data on consumer allergy to p -phenylenediamineCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 6 2008Jacob Pontoppidan Thyssen Many women and men now dye their hair. p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is a frequent and important component of permanent hair dye products; exposure to it may cause allergic contact sensitization, acute dermatitis, and severe facial oedema. To increase our understanding of PPD allergy, we reviewed published literature containing PPD patch test data from dermatitis patients and individuals in the general population. This was performed to estimate the median prevalence and the weighted average of PPD sensitization and thereby assess the burden of PPD-containing hair care products on health. Literature was examined using PubMed,MEDLINE, Biosis, and Science Citation Index. The median prevalence among dermatitis patients was 4.3% in Asia, 4% in Europe, and 6.2% in North America. A widespread increase in the prevalence of PPD sensitization was observed among Asian dermatitis patients. In Europe, a decrease in the 1970s was replaced by a plateau with steady, high prevalences ranging between 2% and 6%. The prevalence remained high in North America, although a decreasing tendency was observed. Contact allergy to PPD is an important health issue for both women and men. More stringent regulation and enforcement are required as public health measures to reduce the burden of disease that exposure to PPD has brought to populations. [source] Drug-elicited systemic allergic (contact) dermatitis , update and possible pathomechanismsCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 4 2008Jacob Pontoppidan Thyssen An allergic dermatitis reaction may develop after systemic exposure to a hapten that reaches the skin through haematogenous transport. This condition can be observed with and without previous cutaneous sensitization to the hapten but has traditionally been described following topical exposure. A heterogeneous clinical picture, in combination with limited insight to its pathomechanisms, makes such systemic reactions an area in need of further study. This article summarizes knowledge about systemic dermatitis elicited by drugs, with a special emphasis on possible pathomechanisms. A list of putative pathomechanisms is offered for future research. Literature was examined using PubMed,MEDLINE, EMBASE, Biosis, and Science Citation Index. Based on the literature, it is likely that humoral type 3, delayed-type hypersensitivity, and drug-driven (i.e. p-i concept) reactions are involved. As commonly used terms may be misleading because skin contact is not a prerequisite, we suggest that the term ,systemic allergic dermatitis' should be used in the future. [source] Hypersensitivity to local anaesthetics , update and proposal of evaluation algorithmCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 2 2008Jacob Pontoppidan Thyssen Local anaesthetics (LA) are widely used drugs. Adverse reactions are rare but may be caused by delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and probably also immediate-type reactions. As it is not always easy to clinically differ between these subtypes, allergy skin testing should be considered. Although numerous test protocols have been published, how patients with hypersensitivity reactions to LA are ideally evaluated remains a topic of discussion. This review attempts to generate a comprehensive update on allergic reactions to LA and to present an algorithm that can be used for the evaluation of patients suspected with immediate- and delayed-type immune reactions. Literature was examined using PubMed-Medline, EMBASE, Biosis and Science Citation Index. Based on the literature, the proposed algorithm may safely and rapidly distinguish between immediate-type and delayed-type allergic immune reactions. [source] Jacob's Wound: Homoerotic Narrative in the Literature of Ancient Israel , Theodore W. JenningsCONVERSATIONS IN RELIGION & THEOLOGY, Issue 2 2006Richard Coggins First page of article [source] State of Research in High-consequence Hospital Surge CapacityACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 11 2006Carl H. Schultz MD High-consequence surge research involves a systems approach that includes elements such as healthcare facilities, out-of-hospital systems, mortuary services, public health, and sheltering. This article focuses on one aspect of this research, hospital surge capacity, and discusses a definition for such capacity, its components, and future considerations. While conceptual definitions of surge capacity exist, evidence-based practical guidelines for hospitals require enhancement. The Health Resources and Services Administration's (HRSA) definition and benchmarks are extrapolated from those of other countries and rely mainly on trauma data. The most significant part of the HRSA target, the need to care for 500 victims stricken with an infectious disease per one million population in 24 hours, was not developed using a biological model. If HRSA's recommendation is applied to a sample metropolitan area such as Orange County, California, this translates to a goal of expanding hospital capacity by 20%,25% in the first 24 hours. Literature supporting this target is largely consensus based or anecdotal. There are no current objective measures defining hospital surge capacity. The literature identifying the components of surge capacity is fairly consistent and lists them as personnel, supplies and equipment, facilities, and a management system. Studies identifying strategies for hospitals to enhance these components and estimates of how long it will take are lacking. One system for augmenting hospital staff, the Emergency System for Advance Registration of Volunteer Health Professionals, is a consensus-derived plan that has never been tested. Future challenges include developing strategies to handle the two different types of high-consequence surge events: 1) a focal, time-limited event (such as an earthquake) where outside resources exist and can be mobilized to assist those in need and 2) a widespread, prolonged event (such as pandemic influenza) where all resources will be in use and rationing or triage is needed. [source] Spontaneous Regression in Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Report of Two Cases with a Description of Dermoscopic Features and Review of the LiteratureDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 5 2010CRISTINA CIUDAD MD The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters. [source] Extrafacial Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma: Case Report and Review of the LiteratureDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 11 2009TIMOTHY HANSEN MD First page of article [source] Cutaneous Pancreatic Metastasis: A Case Report and Review of LiteratureDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 11 2008HISHAM ZAYAN ABDEL-HAFEZ MD First page of article [source] Hydrogen Peroxide and Wound Healing: A Theoretical and Practical Review for Hair Transplant SurgeonsDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 6 2008SARA WASSERBAUER MD BACKGROUND In most hair restoration practices, hydrogen peroxide has been routinely used to remove blood during and after hair transplant surgery. In other specialties, hydrogen peroxide is also used in these ways: wound cleaning, prevention of infection, hemostasis, and removal of debris. Despite its widespread use, there are still concerns and controversy about the potential toxic effect of hydrogen peroxide. OBJECTIVE The objective was to review all available literature including in vivo and in vitro effects of hydrogen peroxide, as well as general wound healing research. MATERIAL AND METHODS Literature up to and including the past three decades was investigated. RESULTS Two pilot studies were found, and there are not enough data examining the real impact of using hydrogen peroxide in hair transplant surgery. In other specialties, H2O2 appears to have positive effects, such as stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor, induction of fibroblast proliferation, and collagen, or negative effects, such as cytotoxicity, inhibition of keratinocyte migration, disruption of scarless fetal wound repair, and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS There are not enough data in hair restoration surgery about the use of hydrogen peroxide, and it is unknown and unclear what the optimum dilution should be. Positive and negative effects were found in other specialties. Further studies are recommended. [source] Extraocular Sebaceous Carcinoma Treated with Mohs Micrographic Surgery: Report of a Case and Review of LiteratureDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 2 2008ALEXANDER L. BERLIN MD First page of article [source] Perioperative Management of von Willebrand Disease in Dermatologic SurgeryDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 4 2007AIMEE L. LEONARD MD BACKGROUND Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder, affecting an estimated 0.1% to 1% of the population. It is caused by a qualitative or quantitative defect of von Willebrand factor. Primary manifestations include intractable mucocutaneous bleeding after surgery or trauma. OBJECTIVE The objective was to review the pathophysiology and clinical features of VWD and to propose a perioperative management strategy for patients with this condition undergoing dermatologic surgery. METHODS AND MATERIALS Literature is reviewed. RESULTS The various types and clinical manifestations of this condition are reviewed, and a perioperative strategy is presented for managing patients with VWD who undergo cutaneous oncologic or cosmetic surgical procedures. CONCLUSIONS In most cases, dermatologic surgery can be safely performed in patients with VWD. The use of appropriate therapeutic prophylaxis in conjunction with a hematologist is indicated in high-risk, nonelective procedures. [source] Multiple Primary Acral Melanomas in African-Americans: A Case Series and Review of the LiteratureDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 1 2007ANGELA C. S. HUTCHESON MD BACKGROUND Although melanoma accounts for only 4% to 5% of all skin cancers in the United States, it causes most skin cancer,related deaths. We describe a unique group of African-American patients with multiple primary acral lentiginous melanomas (ALMs). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to review the case histories and management of a cohort of patients in the Mohs practice of our dermatologic surgeon with multiple primary ALM. METHODS This is a case series of patients with multiple ALM identified by chart review from 2000 to 2005. A thorough review of the literature was performed. RESULTS Four patients, all African-American, were identified with multiple ALM. All patients were managed with excision or Mohs micrographic surgery utilizing permanent sections. None of the patients with ALM had melanomas at nonacral sites or other types of skin cancer. Several had acral melanosis. Information in the literature on patients with multiple primary acral melanomas was insufficient. CONCLUSION Patients with multiple acral melanomas have not, to our knowledge, been reported thus far. It can be extrapolated from current literature, however, that appropriate management of these patients, including staging work and surgical intervention, is to be determined by the individual characteristics of the melanoma and the patient's concomitant risk factors, if any. [source] Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of the English LiteratureDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 11 2006AMY SIMON ROSS MD BACKGROUND Although most cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is curable by a variety of treatment modalities, a small subset of tumors recur, metastasize, and result in death. Although risk factors for metastasis have been described, there are little data available on appropriate workup and staging of patients with high-risk SCC. OBJECTIVE We reviewed reported cases and case series of SCC in which sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) was performed to determine whether further research is warranted in developing SLNB as a staging tool for patients with high-risk SCC. METHODS The English medical literature was reviewed for reports of SLNB in patients with cutaneous SCC. Data from anogenital and nonanogenital cases were collected and analyzed separately. The percentage of cases with a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) was calculated. False negative and nondetection rates were tabulated. Rates of local recurrence, nodal and distant metastasis, and disease-specific death were reported. RESULTS A total of 607 patients with anogenital SCC and 85 patients with nonanogenital SCC were included in the analysis. A SLN could not be identified in 3% of anogenital and 4% of nonanogenital cases. SLNB was positive in 24% of anogenital and 21% of nonanogenital patients. False-negative rates as determined by completion lymphadenectomy were 4% (8/213) and 5% (1/20), respectively. Most false-negative results were reported in studies from 2000 or earlier in which the combination of radioisotope and blue dye was not used in the SLN localization process. Complications were reported rarely and were limited to hematoma, seroma, cutaneous lymphatic fistula, wound infection, and dehiscence. CONCLUSIONS Owing to the lack of controlled studies, it is premature to draw conclusions regarding the utility of SLNB in SCC. The available data, however, suggest that SLNB accurately diagnoses subclinical lymph node metastasis with few false-negative results and low morbidity. Controlled studies are needed to demonstrate whether early detection of subclinical nodal metastasis will lead to improved disease-free or overall survival for patients with high-risk SCC. [source] Subungual Metastasis from a Rectal Primary: Case Report and Review of the LiteratureDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 4 2006BARRY GALLAGHER MD BACKGROUND Subungual metastases from colorectal cancer are unusual and have mainly been reported in patients with lung, genitourinary, and breast cancer. OBJECTIVE We present the case of a 72-year-old man with rectal adenocarcinoma and a subungual metastasis to the left thumb 5 years later. METHODS A case report and a brief review of the literature of subungual metastases are given. RESULTS The thumb was amputated and the patient died 6 months later with extensive metastatic disease. CONCLUSION Metastatic carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent subungual masses, particularly in patients with a history of cancer. The prognosis with such lesions is generally poor. [source] Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma of the Skin: A Report of Two Cases Treated With Complete Microscopic Margin Control and Review of LiteratureDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 2 2006ADRIENNE S. GLAICH MD First page of article [source] Review of the Liposuction, Abdominoplasty, and Face-Lift Mortality and Morbidity Risk LiteratureDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 7 2005Robert A. Yoho MD Background The statistical discrepancies that exist in the mortality and morbidity risk literature are such that surgeons and patients cannot accurately assess the true risk rates associated with plastic surgery procedures. Objectives and Methods To review any relevant literature published to date in which the risk rates from liposuction, abdominoplasty, and rhytidectomy are cited and to reassess these figures alongside those published for both elective and emergency general surgeries. Results and Conclusion Despite the lack of reliable, comprehensive reporting of deaths and complications resulting from cosmetic surgeries, published data demonstrate that the risks associated with liposuction and rhytidectomy compare favorably with those from most general surgical procedures. In contrast, the morbidity and mortality rates from abdominoplasty remain unacceptably high. A significant lack of literature documenting cosmetic breast implant surgery and blepharoplasty risks is observed, which should be of concern to both patients and physicians. Liposuction and face-lift surgery data generally show that surgical centers are statistically safer than hospital operating rooms, although the data have not been standardized for the patients' American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) risk class, the health of the patient prior to surgery. General anesthesia may carry a risk roughly equivalent to or perhaps greater than cosmetic surgery, although, again, ASA class variables confound clear comparison between studies. Recent anesthesia literature refutes the many claims that general anesthesia risks are now remote: a landmark study that surveyed the entire scholarly literature showed a mortality rate of 1 in 13,000, roughly similar to overall cosmetic surgery mortality risks. Moreover, a prolonged operating time has been repeatedly implicated in other surgical literature to be related to morbidity and mortality. The latter certainly has relevance to cosmetic surgery. [source] Pilonidal Sinus Disease Treated by Depilation Using an 800 nm Diode Laser and Review of the LiteratureDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 5 2005Anthony V. Benedetto DO, FACP background. Pilonidal sinus disease is a debilitating, disfiguring chronic ailment that is often resistant to therapy. Its etiology and treatment remain in question. objective. To assess the efficacy of an 800 nm diode laser in the treatment of recalcitrant pilonidal sinus disease. methods. Two patients with recalcitrant pilonidal sinus disease were treated in the lower back, buttocks, and perigluteal cleft area with an 800 nm diode laser with a spot size of 9 × 9 mm, fluences of 30 to 48 J/cm2, and pulse widths of 15 to 24 milliseconds. results. Long-term relief of pilonidal sinus disease was produced with as few as two treatments 2 months apart to as many as six treatments over a 2-year period. With each successive treatment, fewer pulses were needed and the interval between treatments increased. conclusion. The 800 nm diode laser may be an effective tool in the treatment of pilonidal sinus disease. By eliminating the source of hair and hair fragments that course along the surface of the lower back and buttocks, interruption of the etiologic source for pilonidal sinus disease can be accomplished. [source] Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome,Report of Four Cases and Review of the LiteratureDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 5 2004Parrish Sadeghi MD Background. Trigeminal trophic syndrome is a unilateral, frequently crescent-shaped neurotrophic ulceration of the face occurring after injury to the trigeminal nerve. The appearance of the ulcers resembles other disease entities such as granulomatous disease, neoplasm, vasculitis, infection, and factitial dermatitis. Objectives. The objectives of this study are to increase awareness of this disorder and to emphasize the importance of eliciting a thorough neurologic history when evaluating facial ulcerations. Methods. Four cases are reported and, using MEDLINE, the English and non-English literature from 1982 to 2002 is reviewed. Results. Including this report, there have been 60 cases of trigeminal trophic syndrome reported from 1982 to 2002. The age at presentation ranged from 14 months to 93 years. Time of onset from injury to the trigeminal ganglion or its branches and the development of the ulcers ranged from 2 weeks to 30 years. One-third of the patients had undergone trigeminal nerve ablation for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and another third had a history of stroke. Other causes included craniotomy, head trauma, herpes infection. Conclusion. The majority of cases of trigeminal trophic syndrome are associated with a history of stroke or trigeminal nerve ablation. Successful surgical outcome can be achieved if the underlying neurologic pathology is addressed before the reconstructive procedure. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||