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Lipoprotein Levels (lipoprotein + level)
Kinds of Lipoprotein Levels Selected AbstractsDNA polymorphism of Pvu II site in the lipoprotein lipase gene in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitusCELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION, Issue 6 2005Belgin Süsleyici Duman Abstract We studied the effect of variation at the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene locus on the susceptibility of individuals with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in a population of 110 NIDDM patients and 91 controls. Our objective was to study the relationship between the LPL,Pvu II polymorphism and NIDDM and lipid metabolism. PCR-RFLP was used to determine the DNA polymorphism of the sixth intron of the LPL gene. The frequencies of the genotypes in case and control groups were 29.1 and 30.8% for P+/P+; 45.5 and 36.3% for P+/P,; 25.5 and 33% for P,/P, respectively. There was no significant difference in frequencies of genotypes between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that triacylglycerol (TAG) and apolipoprotein E levels were associated with NIDDM, whereas Pvu II genotypes were not found as independent risk factors for the disease. Overall this study demonstrates the role of the Pvu II polymorphism in the LPL gene in modulating plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels in patients with NIDDM. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Incidence of insulin resistance in obese subjects in a rural Japanese population: The Tanno and Sobetsu studyDIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM, Issue 1 2005H. Ohnishi Objectives:, Although it is well known that obesity is closely related to insulin resistance, the incidence of the development of insulin resistance in people with obesity is not known. In this study, we investigated the incidence of insulin resistance in citizens of two rural communities in Japan. Subjects and methods:, The subjects were 102 men and 126 women over the age of 30 years selected from 1035 citizens who had undergone medical examinations in the towns of Tanno and Sobetsu, Hokkaido, in 1991 and 1998. Those who were on medication for hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, coronary heart disease and cerebral vessel disease were excluded. The simple index to determine insulin resistance [i.e. homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-R) , 1.73] was used, and subjects who were determined to be positive for insulin resistance according to this index in 1991 were also excluded in order to determine the incidence of insulin resistance in subjects who had no abnormalities other than obesity. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), triglyceride level, high-density lipoprotein level, blood sugar level, serum insulin value and HOMA-R were measured in all subjects in 1991 and in 1998. Moreover, the subjects were divided into two groups according to BMI, a normal group consisting of subjects with BMI < 25 and an obesity group consisting of subjects with BMI , 25. We also compared the incidences of insulin resistance in normal and obesity groups of subjects who were newly determined to be positive for insulin resistance on the basis of data obtained from medical examinations conducted in 1998. Results:, The incidence of insulin resistance was significantly higher in the obesity group than in the normal group (25.0 vs. 4.5%). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that obesity was closely related to insulin resistance and that the relative risk of development of insulin resistance adjusted for age, sex, SBP, FPG and HDL was 3.193 (95% CI 1.085,9.401). Conclusions:, The incidence of insulin resistance was significantly higher in the obesity group than in the normal group in this study, suggesting that improvement in obesity is important for prevention of the occurrence of type 2 diabetes or atherosclerotic disease based on insulin resistance. [source] Hypercholesterolemia Association with Aortic Stenosis of Various EtiologiesJOURNAL OF CARDIAC SURGERY, Issue 2 2009Murat Bülent Rabu The aim of this study was to investigate the role of hypercholesterolemia in development of aortic valve calcification in different etiologies. Methods: The study included 988 patients with rheumatic, congenital, or degenerative aortic stenosis, who underwent aortic valve replacement at Ko,uyolu Heart and Research Hospital between 1985 and 2005. Effects of hypercholesterolemia and high low-density lipoprotein level on calcific aortic stenosis or massive aortic valve calcification were analyzed for each etiologic group. Results: Both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the high serum cholesterol level (>200 mg/dL) was related to massive aortic valve calcification in all patients (p = 0.003). Hypercholesterolemia was linked to calcific aortic stenosis and massive calcification in patients with degenerative etiology (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively) and it was related to massive calcification in patients with congenital bicuspid aorta (p = 0.02). Other independent risk factors for calcific aortic stenosis and massive calcification in the degenerative group were high low-density lipoprotein level (>130 mg/dL; p = 0.03 and p = 0.05, respectively) and high serum C-reactive protein level (p = 0.04 and p = 0.05, respectively). Conclusions: Hypercholesterolemia is related to increased risk of aortic valve calcification in patients with degenerative and congenital etiology. Preventive treatment of hypercholesterolemia could play an important role to decrease or inhibit development of aortic valve calcification. [source] The Effect of Intracavernous Injection of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells on Hyperlipidemia-Associated Erectile Dysfunction in a Rat ModelTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 4pt1 2010Yun-Ching Huang MD ABSTRACT Introduction., Hyperlipidemia has been associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) via damage to the cavernous endothelium and nerves. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSC) have been shown to differentiate into endothelial cells and secrete vasculotrophic and neurotrophic factors. Aim., To assess whether ADSC have therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia-associated ED. Methods., Twenty-eight male rats were induced to develop hyperlipidemia with a high-fat diet (hyperlipidemic rats, HR). Ten additional male rats were fed a normal diet to serve as controls (normal rats, NR). Five months later, all rats were subjected to ADSC isolation from paragonadal fat. The cells were cultured for 1 week, labeled with 5-ethynyl-2,-deoxyuridine (EdU), and then injected autologously into the corpus cavernosum of 18 HR. The remaining 10 HR rats were injected with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). At 2 and 14 days post-transplantation, four rats in the HR + ADSC group were sacrificed for tracking of the transplanted cells. At 28 days post-transplantation, all remaining rats were analyzed for serum biochemistry, erectile function, and penile histology. Main Outcome Measures., Erectile function was assessed by intracavernous pressure (ICP) measurement during electrostimulation of the cavernous nerve. Cavernous nerves, endothelium, and smooth muscle were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results., Serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels were significantly higher in HR than in NR. High-density lipoprotein level was significantly lower in HR than in NR. Mean ICP/mean arterial pressure ratio was significantly lower in HR + PBS than in NR + PBS or HR + ADSC. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-positive nerve fibers and endothelial cells were fewer in HR + PBS than in HR + ADSC. Smooth muscle content was significantly higher in both HR groups than in NR. Conclusions., Hyperlipidemia is associated with abnormalities in both the nerves and endothelium. Treatment with ADSC ameliorates these adverse effects and holds promise as a potential new therapy for ED. Huang Y-C, Ning H, Shindel AW, Fandel TM, Lin G, Harraz AM, Lue TF, and Lin C-S. The effect of intracavernous injection of adipose tissue-derived stem cells on hyperlipidemia-associated erectile dysfunction in a rat model. J Sex Med 2010;7:1391,1400. [source] Variations in blood lipid profile, thrombotic system, arterial elasticity and psychosexual parameters in the cases of surgical and natural menopauseAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 2 2010Volkan TUNA In this study, comparing four different parameters in women with surgical menopause because of ovariectomy in reproductive age and in women with natural menopause, the effect of withdrawal of ovarian hormones on both groups was investigated. The patient groups in this study were constituted of 100 women in reproductive age who had undergone total abdominal hysterectomy + bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and 50 women with natural menopause referred to out-patient's clinic within the same period. The findings for four different parameters were recorded one day before the surgery and at 3rd month post-operatively in surgical menopause group and at the day of referral to outpatient clinic in natural menopause group. The parameters planned to be recorded were blood lipid profile, thrombotic system, arterial elasticity and psychosexual variations. Post-operative high-density lipoprotein level in surgical menopause group was found lower than that of natural menopause group (47.08 vs 52.44 mg/dL, P < 0.05). Post-operative very low density lipoprotein level in surgical menopause group was increased more than that in natural menopause group (27.74 vs 23.58 mg/dL, P < 0.05). An increase was observed in post-operative carotid artery Pulsality Index and Resistive Index levels of surgical menopause group compared with natural menopause group (1.44 vs 1.33, P < 0.001 and 0.73 vs 0.68, P < 0.001 respectively). In surgical menopause group, the differences between pre- and post-operative values of bleeding time (1.15 vs 1.24, P < 0.0001), clotting time (5.9 vs 6.08, P < 0.0001) and fibrinogen level (422 vs 395, P < 0.0001) were found statistically significant. While bleeding time and clotting time were increased post-operatively, fibrinogen level was decreased. A significant increase was observed in post-operative mean Kupperman Index levels of surgical menopause group compared with that of natural menopause group (23.89 vs 9.94, P < 0.001). It was concluded that the ovaries should be considered as important organs impacting women's quality of life with their hormones produced also in the period of menopause; that disadvantages of oophorectomy during hysterectomy should be considered and that an attempt to conserve ovaries during surgery except pre-cancerous events would benefit women. [source] Rediscovering bile acid sequestrantsDIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM, Issue 12 2009D. S. H. Bell Aim: In the recently published The Justification for the Use of statins in Primary prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER) mega-trial, rosuvastatin significantly reduced cardiovascular events at the expense of a small but significant increase in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The increased risk of new-onset diabetes was in keeping with a recent meta-analysis which suggested that statins, with the possible exception of pravastatin, marginally increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Methods: Although the net effect of rosuvastatin was obviously very positive, we hypothesized that the addition of a bile aid sequestrant to a statin would not only further decrease lipid levels and potentially further decrease cardiovascular events but also protect against the development of diabetes. This is particularly relevant because the bile acid sequestrant, colesevelam, has recently been approved for therapy of diabetes. Results: Colesevelam like other bile acid sequestrants lowers low-density lipoprotein levels by 16% and C-reactive protein by 22% beyond the reductions that occur with statin therapy alone. Bile acid sequestrants confer lipid-lowering, glucose-lowering, and anti-inflammatory benefits, and have been shown to reduce risk of cardiovascular events. Conclusions: Therefore, colesevelam should be the most effective and logical agent to add to a statin in the diabetic and insulin-resistant patient, because in addition to lowering cardiac risk it may prevent the development of diabetes, as well as improving glycaemic control in the established diabetic patient. [source] Effects of a natural extract of (,)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX) and a combination of HCA-SX plus niacin-bound chromium and Gymnema sylvestre extract on weight lossDIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM, Issue 3 2004H. G. Preuss Aim:, The efficacy of optimal doses of highly bioavailable (,)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX) alone and in combination with niacin-bound chromium (NBC) and a standardized Gymnema sylvestre extract (GSE) on weight loss in moderately obese subjects was evaluated by monitoring changes in body weight, body mass index (BMI), appetite, lipid profiles, serum leptin and excretion of urinary fat metabolites. HCA-SX has been shown to reduce appetite, inhibit fat synthesis and decrease body weight without stimulating the central nervous system. NBC has demonstrated its ability to maintain healthy insulin levels, while GSE has been shown to regulate weight loss and blood sugar levels. Methods:, A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human study was conducted in Elluru, India for 8 weeks in 60 moderately obese subjects (ages 21,50, BMI >26 kg/m2). Subjects were randomly divided into three groups. Group A was administered HCA-SX 4667 mg, group B was administered a combination of HCA-SX 4667 mg, NBC 4 mg and GSE 400 mg, while group C was given placebo daily in three equally divided doses 30,60 min before meals. All subjects received a 2000 kcal diet/day and participated in supervised walking. Results:, At the end of 8 weeks, body weight and BMI decreased by 5,6% in both groups A and B. Food intake, total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides and serum leptin levels were significantly reduced in both groups, while high-density lipoprotein levels and excretion of urinary fat metabolites increased in both groups. A marginal or non-significant effect was observed in all parameters in group C. Conclusion:, The present study shows that optimal doses of HCA-SX and, to a greater degree, the combination of HCA-SX, NBC and GSE can serve as an effective and safe weight-loss formula that can facilitate a reduction in excess body weight and BMI, while promoting healthy blood lipid levels. [source] Association Between Apolipoprotein E4 and Cognitive Decline in Elderly AdultsJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 11 2007Chris J. Packard DSc OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of apolipoprotein E on cognitive decline in a cohort of elderly men and women. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Scotland, Ireland, and the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: Five thousand eight hundred four subjects aged 70 to 82 from the Prospective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER). MEASUREMENTS: Subjects were assessed at baseline and over a mean 3.2-year (range 0.7,4.2) follow-up for memory (Picture-Word Recall), speed of information processing (Stroop and Letter-Digit Coding), global cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination), and activities of daily living. RESULTS: At baseline, subjects with apolipoprotein E4 versus those without E4 had poorer memory performance (mean score difference ,0.20 (95% confidence interval (CI)=,0.31 to ,0.09) for immediate recall and ,0.32 (95% CI=,0.48 to ,0.16) for delayed recall and slower information processing (difference in Stroop, 2.79 seconds, (95% CI=1.20,4.28); Letter-Digit score, ,0.36, (95% CI=,0.77,0.05). Subjects with apolipoprotein E4 showed a greater decline in immediate (,0.22, 95% CI=,0.33 to ,0.11) and delayed (,0.30, 95% CI=,0.46 to ,0.15) memory scores but no significant change in speed of information processing (Stroop, P=.17; Letter-Digit, P=.06). Memory scores decreased 2.5% from baseline in those without E4, 4.3% in E4 heterozygotes (P=.01 for immediate and P=.03 for delayed, vs no E4) and 8.9% to 13.8% in E4 homozygotes (P=.04 for immediate and P=.004 for delayed, vs heterozygotes). Apolipoprotein E4 was associated with greater decline in instrumental activities of daily living (P<.001). Cognitive decline was not associated with lipoprotein levels. CONCLUSION: Findings in PROSPER indicate that E4 is associated with more-rapid cognitive decline and may, therefore, predispose to dementia. [source] Original Paper: Telmisartan Effects on Insulin Resistance in Obese or Overweight Adults Without Diabetes or HypertensionJOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPERTENSION, Issue 9 2010Willa Hsueh MD J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:746,752. ©2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are antihypertensive agents associated with reduced risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus. The ARB telmisartan is a partial agonist of peroxisome proliferator,activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-,). This study evaluated the effect of telmisartan on insulin resistance, a known target of PPAR-, agonism. Overweight/obese persons with body mass index ,28 kg/m2, waist circumference ,35 inches, and components of the metabolic syndrome without hypertension or diabetes who were not preselected for insulin resistance were enrolled. Patients were randomized to telmisartan or matching placebo for 16 weeks. The primary efficacy measure was changed from baseline in the insulin sensitivity index (SI), calculated from oral glucose tolerance testing. SI was also evaluated in a subset of patients using a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Secondary end points included measures of insulin sensitivity and glucose and lipid metabolism. A total of 138 patients were randomized and received ,1 dose of study medication; 128 completed the study. At end point, no significant difference was found between telmisartan and placebo groups regarding change from baseline in SI or in glucose area under the curve. No significant between-group differences were found regarding glucose metabolism or lipoprotein levels. In the population with abdominal obesity and components of the metabolic syndrome, telmisartan did not increase insulin sensitivity. [source] Uric Acid as a Marker for Renal Dysfunction in Hypertensive Women on Diuretic and Nondiuretic TherapyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPERTENSION, Issue 5 2009Rodolfo. Hyperuricemia is a common finding in hypertensive patients, especially among those who are on diuretic therapy. However, its clinical relevance regarding cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not clearly been established. The authors assessed whether, in a population of 385 hypertensive women categorized according to diuretic therapy, the stratification in quartiles by uric acid levels would identify a gradient of changes in renal function and in risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The following were evaluated: serum uric acid, glycemia, total and fractional cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein (Apo) B, Apo A-I, and C-reactive protein. Renal function was assessed by serum creatinine, albuminuria, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation, whereas cardiovascular risk was estimated through the Framingham score. A total of 246 women were on diuretic therapy; 139 were taking other antihypertensive medications. There was a reduction in eGFR parallel to the increase in uric acid levels, regardless of diuretic use and without a concomitant increase in albuminuria. In both groups, higher uric acid levels translated into an increase in metabolic syndrome components, in markers of insulin resistance, triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein levels, and Apo B/Apo A-I ratios, as well as in Framingham scores. Hyperuricemia was associated with an increase in inflammatory markers only in patients on diuretic therapy. In a binary logistic regression, hyperuricemia (uric acid >6.0 mg/dL) was independently associated with CKD (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m²) (odds ratio, 2.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.61,4.3; P<.001). In hypertensive women, the presence of hyperuricemia indicated a substantial degree of kidney dysfunction as well as a greater cardiovascular risk profile. [source] Metabolic risk factors associated with erosive esophagitisJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 8 2009Chian-Sem Chua Abstract Background and Aim:, Our aim was to determine associations between metabolic risk factors and erosive esophagitis. Methods:, In this retrospective case-control study, diagnosis of erosive esophagitis was based on the Los Angeles classification. Endoscopic findings in subjects with erosive esophagitis were reviewed by two experienced endoscopists and those with agreement of diagnosis were enrolled for study. Body mass index (BMI), abdominal girdle, blood pressure, and serum triglyceride, glucose, and ,-lipoprotein levels were compared between individuals with and without erosive esophagitis. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent metabolic risk factors associated with erosive esophagitis. Results:, Between October 2004 and April 2006, 518 of 4206 subjects who underwent endoscopic examination were diagnosed as having erosive esophagitis. After expert review, 427 (male : female = 365:62) individuals met the study criteria of having erosive esophagitis (10.5%). Compared with age- and gender-matched controls, patients with erosive esophagitis had significantly higher BMI, abdominal girdle, blood pressure, and triglyceride levels, and lower levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P < 0.05). More subjects with metabolic syndrome had erosive esophagitis than without metabolic syndrome (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.27,2.44, P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that central obesity (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 05-1.89, P = 0.023) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.19,2.13, P = 0.004) were significantly associated with erosive esophagitis. Conclusions:, Obesity and hypertriglyceridemia, which are key components of metabolic syndrome, are moderate independent risk factors for erosive esophagitis. [source] Role of Isoflavones in the Hypocholesterolemic Effect of SoyNUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 6 2003Isabelle Demonty PhD Epidemiologic data suggest an inverse relationship between the consumption of soy isoflavones and cardiovascular disease risk. The aims of this review are to determine if isoflavones play a role in the hypocholesterolemic effect of soy and whether the studies realized with that scope were adequately designed. In humans, most studies have been performed in postmenopausal women. The results are inconsistent, however; some studies show a decrease in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein concentrations, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein levels, and other investigations fail to show any beneficial effect of soy isoflavones on lipid profiles. In most studies, beneficial effects could not be attributed with certainty to soy isoflavones. If these components have any health-protecting effect in humans, it is small in comparison with the effect of soy protein itself. There are currently not enough data to recommend the consumption of isoflavone supplements to lower plasma cholesterol levels. [source] Ursolic acid and luteolin-7-glucoside improve lipid profiles and increase liver glycogen content through glycogen synthase kinase-3PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue S2 2010Marisa F. Azevedo Abstract In the present study, two phytochemicals , ursolic acid (UA) and luteolin-7-glucoside (L7G) , were assessed in vivo in healthy rats regarding effects on plasma glucose and lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL and LDL), as well as liver glycogen content, in view of their importance in the aetiology of diabetes and associated complications. Both UA and L7G significantly decreased plasma glucose concentration. UA also significantly increased liver glycogen levels accompanied by phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3). The increase in glycogen deposition induced by UA (mediated by GSK3) could have contributed to the lower plasma glucose levels observed. Both compounds significantly lowered total plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels, and, in addition, UA increased plasma high-density lipoprotein levels. Our results show that UA particularly may be useful in preventable strategies for people at risk of developing diabetes and associated cardiovascular complications by improving plasma glucose levels and lipid profile, as well as by promoting liver glycogen deposition. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Analysis of Lipoproteins and Body Mass Index in Professional Football PlayersPREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY, Issue 3 2001Joseph P. Garry MD Exercise is known to improve lipoprotein levels, whereas an elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with less favorable lipoprotein levels. To date, there have been no reports of lipid analyses in elite athletes who also have BMIs in ranges considered unhealthful. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lipid-lipoprotein profiles in a group of professional football players and to determine what association exists between these profiles and the players' BMIs. An observational study was conducted of 70 professional football players from one National Football League team. Measurements included BMI (kg·m,2), and fasting serum lipid analysis. BMI and position played were found to correlate (p<0.001), with linemen having the highest mean BMI, 38.1 kg·m,2. Comparing mean lipid values among BMI categories demonstrated lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (p<0.01), higher triglycerides (p<0.05), and higher total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios (p<0.001) with an increasing BMI. Among the professional football players studied, a lower BMI was associated with a more favorable lipid-lipoprotein profile. Among the elite athletes in this study with the highest BMIs, exercise may not confer the same protective benefits on cardiovascular risk as it does in those athletes with normal BMIs. [source] Sleep-related violence and low serum cholesterol: A preliminary studyPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 2 2002Mehmed Yucel Agargun MD Abstract To examine whether there is a relationship between serum cholesterol level and sleep-related violence, we evaluated 15 patients with violent behavior during sleep (VBS) and 15 normal control subjects. The patient and control groups were matched for sex, age, and weight. There were 13 women and two men in each group. The patients with VBS had lower serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels than the healthy subjects. Low cholesterol may effect serotonergic neuronal activity and some types of 5-HT receptors, then may be related to violent behavior during sleep. [source] The Effect of Intracavernous Injection of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells on Hyperlipidemia-Associated Erectile Dysfunction in a Rat ModelTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 4pt1 2010Yun-Ching Huang MD ABSTRACT Introduction., Hyperlipidemia has been associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) via damage to the cavernous endothelium and nerves. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSC) have been shown to differentiate into endothelial cells and secrete vasculotrophic and neurotrophic factors. Aim., To assess whether ADSC have therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia-associated ED. Methods., Twenty-eight male rats were induced to develop hyperlipidemia with a high-fat diet (hyperlipidemic rats, HR). Ten additional male rats were fed a normal diet to serve as controls (normal rats, NR). Five months later, all rats were subjected to ADSC isolation from paragonadal fat. The cells were cultured for 1 week, labeled with 5-ethynyl-2,-deoxyuridine (EdU), and then injected autologously into the corpus cavernosum of 18 HR. The remaining 10 HR rats were injected with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). At 2 and 14 days post-transplantation, four rats in the HR + ADSC group were sacrificed for tracking of the transplanted cells. At 28 days post-transplantation, all remaining rats were analyzed for serum biochemistry, erectile function, and penile histology. Main Outcome Measures., Erectile function was assessed by intracavernous pressure (ICP) measurement during electrostimulation of the cavernous nerve. Cavernous nerves, endothelium, and smooth muscle were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results., Serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels were significantly higher in HR than in NR. High-density lipoprotein level was significantly lower in HR than in NR. Mean ICP/mean arterial pressure ratio was significantly lower in HR + PBS than in NR + PBS or HR + ADSC. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-positive nerve fibers and endothelial cells were fewer in HR + PBS than in HR + ADSC. Smooth muscle content was significantly higher in both HR groups than in NR. Conclusions., Hyperlipidemia is associated with abnormalities in both the nerves and endothelium. Treatment with ADSC ameliorates these adverse effects and holds promise as a potential new therapy for ED. Huang Y-C, Ning H, Shindel AW, Fandel TM, Lin G, Harraz AM, Lue TF, and Lin C-S. The effect of intracavernous injection of adipose tissue-derived stem cells on hyperlipidemia-associated erectile dysfunction in a rat model. J Sex Med 2010;7:1391,1400. [source] Interactive effects of dietary cholesterol and protein sources on growth performance and cholesterol metabolism of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)AQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 4 2010J. DENG Abstract A feeding trial was conducted to compare the effects of supplemental cholesterol in fish meal (FM), fish protein concentrate (FPC), soy protein isolate (SPI) and soy protein concentrate (SPC)-based diets on growth performance and plasma lipoprotein levels of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Eight isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets including FM, FPC, SPI or SPC as sole protein source with or without supplementation with 10 g cholesterol kg,1 diet were fed to juvenile fish for 8 weeks. Dietary cholesterol supplementation significantly increased the feed intake and specific growth rate in fish fed SPI-based diets, but decreased those in fish fed FPC-based diets. In addition, cholesterol supplementation significantly increased the level of cholesterol and ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma of fish fed fish protein-based diets, whereas no effects were observed in fish fed soy protein-based diets. The hepatic lipid content of fish fed FPC-, SPI- or SPC-based diets were significantly increased by supplemental cholesterol, but no influence was observed in fish fed FM-based diets. These results suggested that dietary protein source modify the growth-stimulating action of cholesterol; cholesterol supplementation may increase the arteriosclerotic lesion in fish fed fish protein-based diets and the incidence of fatty liver in fish fed soy protein-based diets. [source] The effect of increased lipoprotein levels on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine A in the laboratory ratBIOPHARMACEUTICS AND DRUG DISPOSITION, Issue 1 2006Dion R. Brocks Abstract The response of cyclosporine A (CyA) blood concentrations following changes in lipoprotein levels have been inconsistent. Some studies show increases in concentrations, whereas others have shown decreases. The intent of this study was to examine the effect of two rat models of increased lipoprotein on the pharmacokinetics of CyA. One was a simulated high fat content meal, in which 1% cholesterol in peanut oil was administered. The other was the poloxamer 407-induced model of hyperlipidemia. Rats in these two groups were compared to a group fasted overnight before the study. In rats given a simulated high fat meal, at most time points the mean blood and plasma concentrations were lower, though not significantly, compared to fasted animals. Oral lipid led to no significant changes in the measured pharmacokinetic parameters of blood or plasma area under the concentration vs time curve (AUC), clearance (CL), volume of distribution (Vd) or plasma unbound fraction. In the poloxamer 407-treated hyperlipidemic rats there were significant reductions in plasma unbound fraction plasma, Vd and terminal half-life, but not AUC or CL, compared to normolipidemic rats. In contrast, the CL, Vd and t1/2 in the oral lipid-fed rats were all significantly higher than the poloxamer 407 treated animals. Oral absolute bioavailability of CyA was unchanged by oral lipid. In humans and rats the pharmacokinetics of CyA in the face of increased lipoprotein levels do not correspond well to what is typically seen for other drugs that are known to bind to lipoproteins. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] I405V and TaqIB polymorphisms of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein and their relation to serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in a Turkish populationCELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION, Issue 2 2009Semra Do, ru-Abbaso Abstract Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays a central role in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism. Genetic polymorphisms of the CETP gene can influence levels of serum lipoproteins. It has been reported that mean HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations are low in Turkish population. Thus, we investigated the frequencies of the common I405V and TaqIB polymorphisms of the CETP gene and their relation to serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in a Turkish population. The variant allele frequencies of I405V and TaqIB polymorphisms of the CETP gene were found to be 0.38 and 0.46, respectively and similar to some of the European populations. Subjects for the VV genotype of I405V polymorphism had higher HDL-C levels than did II subjects. The covariance analysis showed that gender and triglyceride (TG) levels have an effect on the association of HDL-C and I405V polymorphism. In conclusion, our results indicate that I405V polymorphism may affect the HDL-C levels in Turkish population. The association of this polymorphism and HDL-C levels could be modified by other factors, such as gender and TG levels. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Beneficial effect of laserpitin, a coumarin compound from Angelica keiskei, on lipid metabolism in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive ratsCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 12 2005Hiroshi Ogawa Summary 1.,Recently, we found that 4-hydroxyderricin, one of the major chalcones in Angelica keiskei extract (an ethyl acetate extract from the yellow liquid of stems), suppressed increases in systolic blood pressure and reduced both serum very low-density lipoprotein levels and liver triglyceride content in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). In the present study, we have isolated laserpitin, a characteristic coumarin, from the A. keiskei extract and examined the effect of dietary laserpitin on blood pressure and lipid metabolism in SHRSP. 2.,Six-week-old male SHRSP were fed diets containing 0.1% laserpitin for 7 weeks with free access to the diet and water. Bodyweight gain was reduced by dietary laserpitin after 4 weeks through to 7 weeks without any significant change in daily food intake. Serum total cholesterol, phospholipid and apolipoprotein (apo) E levels were significantly increased, which was due to significant increases in cholesterol, phospholipid and apoE contents in the low- and high-density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL, respectively) fractions. These results suggest that dietary laserpitin increases serum apoE-HDL levels. 3.,In the liver, significant decreases in relative liver weight and triglyceride content were found after treatment with laserpitin for 7 weeks. 4.,An investigation of hepatic mRNA expression of proteins involved in lipid metabolism indicated that a significant decrease in hepatic triglyceride lipase may be responsible for the increase in serum HDL levels and also indicated that a marked decrease in adipocyte determination and differentiation factor 1 may be responsible, at least in part, for the decrease in hepatic triglyceride content. 5.,In conclusion, dietary laserpitin produces increases in serum HDL levels, especially apoE-HDL, and decreases in the hepatic triglyceride content in SHRSP. [source] High remnant lipoprotein levels in patients with variant anginaCLINICAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 6 2004Kunihisa Miwa M.D. Doctor-in-Chief Abstract Background: Dyslipidemia with increased oxidative stress but without elevation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary vasospasm. Hypothesis: Disordered triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism may be linked to the genesis of coronary artery spasm. Methods: Both serum remnant lipoprotein (RLP) and ,-tocopherol levels were determined in 18 patients with the active stage of variant angina (VA), in 16 patients with the inactive stage of variant angina (IVA), and in 19 control subjects (CONTROL). Results: The RLP levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in VA (6.4 ± 2.7 mg/dl) than in IVA (4.4 ± 1.5 mg/dl). In contrast, ,-tocopherol levels were significantly lower in VA than that in CONTROL. Serum trigyceride levels were not significantly different among the study groups, although serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower in VA than in CONTROL. Smoking was significantly (p < 0.05) more prevalent in VA (72%) than in IVA (25%) and CONTROL (37%). Serum RLP levels correlated positively with triglyceride levels (R = 0.73) and correlated inversely with ,-tocopherol levels (R = - 0.31) significantly in all study subjects. Conclusions: Patients with active stage of variant angina had higher RLP levels than inactive patients with variant angina and lower ,-tocopherol levels than control subjects. Disordered triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism with increased oxidative stress appears to be linked to the activity of coronary vasospasm, suggesting a possible role in its pathogenesis. [source] Tacrolimus as secondary intervention vs. cyclosporine continuation in patients at risk for chronic renal allograft failureCLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 5 2005Thomas Waid Abstract:, Background:, Chronic renal allograft failure (CRAF) is the leading cause of graft loss post-renal transplantation. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus as secondary intervention in cyclosporine-treated kidney transplantation patients with impaired allograft function as indicated by elevated serum creatinine (SCr) levels. Methods:, Patients receiving cyclosporine-based immunosuppression who had an elevated SCr at least 3 months post-renal transplantation were enrolled. Treatment allocation was 2:1 to switch to tacrolimus or continue cyclosporine. This analysis was performed after 2 yr; patients will be followed for an additional 3 yr. Results:, There were 186 enrolled and evaluable patients. On baseline biopsy, 90% of patients had chronic allograft nephropathy. Baseline median SCr was 2.5 mg/dL in both treatment groups. For patients with graft function at month 24, SCr had decreased to 2.3 mg/dL in the tacrolimus-treated patients and increased to 2.6 mg/dL in the cyclosporine-treated patients (p = 0.01). Acute rejection occurred in 4.8% of tacrolimus-treated patients and 5.0% of cyclosporine-treated patients during follow-up. Two-year allograft survival was comparable between groups (tacrolimus 69%, cyclosporine 67%; p = 0.70). Tacrolimus-treated patients had significantly lower cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels and also had fewer new-onset infections. Cardiac conditions developed in significantly fewer tacrolimus-treated patients (5.6%) than cyclosporine-treated patients (24.3%; p = 0.004). Glucose levels and the incidences of new-onset diabetes and new-onset hyperglycemia did not differ between treatment groups. Conclusions:, Conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus results in improved renal function and lipid profiles, and significantly fewer cardiovascular events with no differences in the incidence of acute rejection or new-onset hyperglycemia. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||