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Lipid Risk Factors (lipid + risk_factor)
Selected AbstractsLipid Risk Factor Correlates of Ischemic Heart Disease as Diagnosed by Myocardial Perfusion ScintigraphyPREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY, Issue 4 2000Kevin A. Bybee MD Patients with known coronary artery disease frequently change their lifestyles (e.g., diet, exercise, and smoking habit) after the diagnosis is made. Such changes can alter lipid risk factor levels and obscure etiologic risk factor associations with the presence of coronary artery disease. It is therefore preferable to determine the contribution of potential risk factors before the diagnosis of coronary artery disease has been established. In this trial, we used stress nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging to diagnose coronary artery disease in patients presenting for evaluation of chest pain. Two groups of age- and sex-matched patients were identified: a normal group (patients with no evidence of coronary artery disease), and an abnormal group (patients whose scans indicated the presence of significant coronary artery disease due to either fixed or reversible perfusion defects). Blood samples were drawn before scanning and analyzed for lipid risk factors. Compared to the normal group, the abnormal group had higher levels of triglycerides (189±91 vs. 135±51 mg/dL, p=0.003), lower levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (39±9 vs. 45±14 mg/dL, p=0.037), and higher levels of small, dense low density lipoprotein (LDL3) (42±18 vs. 32±13 mg/dL, p=0.007). Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and lipoprotein(a) levels were similar between groups. These findings suggest that ischemic heart disease, as assessed by myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, is more closely associated with the low high density lipoprotein/high triglyceride syndrome than with increased low density lipoprotein or total cholesterol levels. [source] Cladistic Analysis of Human Apolipoprotein A4 Polymorphisms in Relation to Quantitative Plasma Lipid Risk Factors of Coronary Heart DiseaseANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS, Issue 2 2003G. Q. Wang Summary Genetic variation in several genes involved in lipid metabolism is known to affect population variation in quantitative lipid risk factor profiles for coronary heart disease (CHD). The apolipoprotein A-IV gene (APOA4) is one such candidate gene. We genotyped five polymorphisms in the APOA4 gene (codon 127, codon 130, codon347, codon 360 and 3' VNTR) and investigated their impact on plasma lipid trait levels in three populations comprising 604 U.S. non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), 408 U.S. Hispanics and 708 Nigerian Blacks. Cladistic analysis was carried out to identify 5-site haplotypes that were associated with significant phenotypic differences in each population. The distribution of APOA4 genotypes was significantly different between ethnic groups. The Africans were monomorphic for two of the five sites (codons 130 and 360), but possess a unique 12 bp insertion that was not observed in NHWs and Hispanics. Due to linkage disequilibrium between the sites, only 6 haplotypes were observed in NHWs and Hispanics, and 4 in Africans. Several gender-and ethnic-specific associations between genotypes and plasma lipid traits were observed when single sites were used. Several haplotypes were identified by cladistic analysis that may carry functional mutations that affect plasma lipid trait levels. [source] Association of serum sialic acid and MMP-9 with lipids and inflammatory markersEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 2 2000Kalela Background Inflammation of the arterial wall has emerged to be an important contributor to the process of atherosclerosis, the major cause of coronary heart disease. Several factors are currently under investigation as inflammatory markers of atherosclerosis. Serum sialic acid and matrix metalloproteinase-9 may provide such markers. We studied their association with the lipid profile and with the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein and leukocyte count in a clinically healthy population of men. Materials and methods Cardiovascular risk-related laboratory tests were carried out in 65 consecutive male employees in connection with an occupational health survey in 1996. The subjects were divided into tertiles on the basis of serum sialic acid or matrix metalloproteinase-9 concentration. Results In a stepwise polychotomous logistic regression model adjusting for coronary heart disease risk factors, serum sialic acid concentration was not associated with markers of inflammation but rather with the lipid risk factors of atherosclerosis: inversely with HDL cholesterol (OR = 0.081, 95% CI 0.0068,0.97) and positively with total cholesterol (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1,5.6). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels had a significant positive correlation with the leukocyte count (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.4,4). Conclusions Serum sialic acid does not appear to be an indicator of inflammation but is somehow connected with the level of total and HDL cholesterol. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 may provide a useful marker of inflammation because it correlates with the leukocyte count and is not associated with the lipid profile. [source] The Role of Advanced Lipid Testing in Clinical PracticePREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Dean G. Karalis MD The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) guidelines recommend assessing an individual's cardiovascular (CV) risk from the Framingham risk score; however, the Framingham risk score may underestimate coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Current guidelines have identified some emerging lipid risk factors that can be measured by several commercially available advanced cholesterol tests. These emerging lipid risk factors are meant to supplement the Framingham risk score to help the clinician to better assess CV risk. Although advanced lipid testing cannot be recommended for routine screening, it may be of value in individuals with a family history of premature CHD, postmenopausal women, and individuals at intermediate risk for CHD, especially if they are near the boundary of being at high risk. This review examines the role of advanced lipid testing in clinical practice. [source] Lipid Risk Factor Correlates of Ischemic Heart Disease as Diagnosed by Myocardial Perfusion ScintigraphyPREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY, Issue 4 2000Kevin A. Bybee MD Patients with known coronary artery disease frequently change their lifestyles (e.g., diet, exercise, and smoking habit) after the diagnosis is made. Such changes can alter lipid risk factor levels and obscure etiologic risk factor associations with the presence of coronary artery disease. It is therefore preferable to determine the contribution of potential risk factors before the diagnosis of coronary artery disease has been established. In this trial, we used stress nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging to diagnose coronary artery disease in patients presenting for evaluation of chest pain. Two groups of age- and sex-matched patients were identified: a normal group (patients with no evidence of coronary artery disease), and an abnormal group (patients whose scans indicated the presence of significant coronary artery disease due to either fixed or reversible perfusion defects). Blood samples were drawn before scanning and analyzed for lipid risk factors. Compared to the normal group, the abnormal group had higher levels of triglycerides (189±91 vs. 135±51 mg/dL, p=0.003), lower levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (39±9 vs. 45±14 mg/dL, p=0.037), and higher levels of small, dense low density lipoprotein (LDL3) (42±18 vs. 32±13 mg/dL, p=0.007). Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and lipoprotein(a) levels were similar between groups. These findings suggest that ischemic heart disease, as assessed by myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, is more closely associated with the low high density lipoprotein/high triglyceride syndrome than with increased low density lipoprotein or total cholesterol levels. [source] | ||||||||||