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Lipid Peroxide Levels (lipid + peroxide_level)
Selected AbstractsANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES AND HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS OF AN AQUEOUS EXTRACT FROM FLOWER BUDS OF CLEISTOCALYX OPERCULATUS (ROXB.) MERR.JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 6 2009AND PERRY ABSTRACT The antioxidant activities and hypolipidemic effects of aqueous extract from Cleistocalyx operculatus flower buds (COB) (Roxb.) Merr. and Perry, a commonly used material for drink preparation in Vietnam, were investigated in vitro and in diabetic rats. In vitro, the aqueous extract of COB which has highest phenolic and flavonoid contents showed a strong antioxidant effect and highest pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity when compared with green tea and guava leaf extracts. Oral administration of aqueous extract from COB (500 mg/kg body weight/day) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for 8 weeks resulted in significant reduction in the levels of glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride in plasma as well as the concentration of glucose and sorbitol in the lens. In addition, COB showed significant recovery in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase) and glutathione level in liver with markedly decrease in the lipid peroxide level in liver and lens of the COB-treated diabetic rats. These results indicated that COB showed antioxidant activities, prevention of sorbitol accumulation in lens and hypolipidemic effects in addition to its antidiabetic effects and may be considered as a promising material for the prevention of diabetic complications and metabolic syndrome. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS In recent years, research on traditional medicinal plants for the management of diabetes has attracted the interest of medical scientists. A suitable plant material for antidiabetes and prevention of diabetic complications should possess various biological components, such as antihyperglycemia, antioxidant activities and antihyperlipidemia, without side effects. In this study, the aqueous extract from Cleistocalyx operculatus flower buds (COB) with high polyphenolic and flavonoid content has shown beneficial biological functions in vitro and in diabetic rats, including antioxidant activity, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects. The results of our study suggest that COB might have a potential role in the management of the prediabetic state and the prevention of diabetic complications. Therefore, there is the possibility for the development of C. operculatus as a beverage for the prevention of diabetes, as well as the prevention of the metabolic syndrome. [source] Polaprezinc attenuates liver fibrosis in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitisJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 12 2008Haruko Sugino Abstract Background and Aim:, The effect of polaprezinc, a zinc-carnosine chelate compound, on the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was investigated in dietary methionine and choline deficient (MCD) mice. Methods:, Mice were fed the MCD diet with or without polaprezinc (2.2 g/kg diet) for 10 weeks. Liver histopathology, triglyceride and lipid peroxide levels, and the expression of genes linked to fibrosis were then assessed. Results:, MCD mice developed steatohepatitis accompanied by mild fibrosis with an increase in lipid peroxidation, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, and the augmented mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-,, transforming growth factor-,1 and procollagen ,1(I). The mRNA expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 were also enhanced. Histopathologically, polaprezinc supplementation did not influence the development of steatosis but it apparently attenuated fibrosis. Polaprezinc slightly reduced lipid peroxidation and suppressed HSC activation as well as the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Polaprezinc affected the MCD diet-enhanced expression of TIMP-1 even when administered relatively late. Conclusion:, These results suggest that polaprezinc attenuates fibrosis in NASH by reducing inflammation and lipid peroxidation and, during a later phase, promoting fibrolysis via the inhibition of TIMP expression in the liver. Further investigation is required to clarify the clinical efficacy of polaprezinc in patients with NASH. [source] Lipid peroxidation and vitamin E status in gestational diabetes mellitusJOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH (ELECTRONIC), Issue 5 2003Debjyoti Santra Abstract Aim: To investigate any correlation between plasma levels of lipid peroxides, antioxidant nutrient (,-tocopherol) and oxidized high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in patients with gestational diabetes and those with a normal pregnancy and the incidence of pre-eclampsia. Methods: Sixty pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic were recruited for the study and were divided into two groups. Thirty women with gestational diabetes mellitus were recruited in the study group. The glucose-tolerance-test criteria, using 100 g of glucose taken orally, as laid down by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (1994) for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus was used. Thirty gestation-matched pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance test results were recruited as controls. A 10 mL venous blood sample was collected from each subject at the time of recruitment and thereafter at 4 week intervals until the time of delivery. Samples were analyzed for malondialdehyde thiobarbituric acid reactive, oxidized HDL-cholesterol and ,,tocopherol. The incidence of pre-eclampsia and its correlation with antioxidant and lipid peroxide levels were compared in both the groups. Results: Ten subjects out of 30 in the study group and three subjects out of 30 in the control group developed pre-eclampsia. The incidence of preterm labor in both the groups was same (16.66%). The mean lipid peroxide level was lower in the study group at recruitment and later the levels kept falling, whereas levels of ,,tocopherol and oxidized-HDL were higher in the study group and kept on rising at follow up. Conclusion: Gestational diabetes is not associated with increased levels of lipid peroxides and decreased levels of ,-tocopherol. [source] Salivary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8) levels and gelatinase (MMP-9) activities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 5 2000Hanna-Leena Collin We studied the salivary levels and activities of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-8 and -9 in 45 type 2 diabetic patients and 77 control subjects. The patients' mean glycosylated haemoglobin (HbAlc) was 8.7%, indicating an unsatisfactory metabolic control of the disease. The MMP levels were further related to the clinical and microbiological periodontal findings as well as to salivary flow rate and other factors. The salivary flow rate, albumin and amylase concentrations were similar in type 2 diabetic patients to those in the control group. The mean gingival and periodontal pocket indexes were higher in the diabetes group. The number of potential periodontopathogenic bacteria was lower, however, in the diabetic than in the control group. Zymography and immunoblotting revealed that the major MMPs in the type 2 diabetic patients' saliva were MMP-8 and MMP-9. Salivary MMP levels and activities in type 2 diabetic patients were in general similar to those in the control group. However, the correlation coefficients using multiple regression analysis revealed that gingival bleeding, pocket depths and HbAlc were associated with increased MMP-8 levels which, in turn, were negatively predicted by elevated plasma lipid peroxide levels in the diabetic group. Our data on salivary MMP-8 and -9 do not support the concept of generalized neutrophil dysfunction in unbalanced diabetes. Moreover, plasma lipid peroxidation levels reflecting the increased oxidative burden, which is generated mainly by triggered neutrophils, do not indicate neutrophil dysfunction due to diabetes, but may rather be related to the increased tissue damage in an uncontrolled disease. However, advanced periodontitis in type 2 diabetes seems to be related to elevated salivary MMP-8 levels which might be useful in monitoring periodontal disease in diabetes. [source] The effects of EGb 761 on lipid peroxide levels and superoxide dismutase activity in sunburnPHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE, Issue 3 2002Mehtap Kilinc Ozkur Background/Purpose: Free oxygen radicals are involved in inflammatory skin reactions induced by ultraviolet B (UVB). In this study, the effect of a herbal antioxidant Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) was investigated in UVB irradiated mice skin. Methods: The study was carried out on four groups of mice (n = 6 in each group). The first group was a control group (G1). The second group (G2) was only exposed to acute UVB irradiation. The third group (G3) received 100 mg/kg/day of EGb 761 orally for 5 days before UVB irradiation and the fourth group (G4) was given only a single dose of EGb 761 immediately after UVB irradiation. Eighteen hours after exposing to UVB, lipid peroxide levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were studied and UVB damage was evaluated histopathologically according to ,sun-burn cell count'. Results: The SOD activities and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in G2, G3 and G4 were found to be decreased significantly when compared with G1 (P < 0.05). The SOD activities of G3 and G4 were higher when compared with G2 (P < 0.05). The number of sunburn cells (SBCs) was the highest in G2. Conclusions: Our results suggest that EGb 761 may have an important effect, both as a protective and therapeutic agent, in sunburn after UVB irradiation. [source] Pigmentation, carotenoids, lipid peroxides and lipid composition of red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) skin reared under open-cage conditionsAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 7 2010Noemí Tejera Abstract Pigmentation capability of red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) skin reared under open sea-cage conditions and fed an astaxanthin-enriched diet was studied. Skin lipid peroxide levels and lipid composition were also evaluated to establish the antioxidant role of astaxanthin under these sunlight-exposure conditions. Fish placed either in an offshore sea cage system (SC) or in an inland tank facility (T) housed inside a ,shade-house' enclosure were fed a commercial diet supplemented with 22 mg kg,1 astaxanthin. No differences in growth or survival were found. Both groups displayed a red skin, but SC fish presented a darker pigmentation, which externally reflected the higher deposition of melanin, astaxanthin and tunaxanthin found in its skin. The lower level of lipid peroxides found in SC fish might be related with the higher level of astaxanthin mentioned above. Nevertheless, lipid and fatty acid profiles did not show significant differences between groups. Our results indicate that sustainable production of red porgy with a natural red hue is possible on the basis of proper adjustment of two factors illumination and dietary astaxanthin. [source] Protective effect of melatonin against oxidative stress induced by ligature of extra-hepatic biliary duct in rats: comparison with the effect of S-adenosyl- l -methionineJOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2000Pedro Montilla López In the present research, we studied the effect of the administration of melatonin or S-adenosyl- l -methionine (S-AMe) on oxidative stress and hepatic cholestasis produced by double ligature of the extra-hepatic biliary duct (LBD) in adult male Wistar rats. Hepatic oxidative stress was evaluated by the changes in the amount of lipid peroxides and by the reduced glutathione content (GSH) in lysates of erythrocytes and homogenates of hepatic tissue. The severity of the cholestasis and hepatic injury were determined by the changes in the plasma enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP), g-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT), and levels of albumin, total bilirubin (TB) and direct bilirubin (DB). Either melatonin or S-AMe were administered daily 3 days before LBD, and for 10 days after biliary obstruction. LDB caused highly significant increases in plasma enzyme activities and in bilirubin and lipid peroxides levels in erythrocytes and hepatic tissue. At the same time, this procedure produced a notable decrease in the GSH pools in these biological media. Both melatonin and S-AMe administration were effective as antioxidants and hepatoprotective substances, although the protective effects of melatonin were superior; it prevented the GSH decrease and reduced significantly the increases in enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation products produced by biliary ligature. S-AMe did not modify the increased GGT activity nor did it decrease greatly the TB levels (43% melatonin vs. 14% S-AMe). However, S-AMe was effective in preventing the loss of GSH in erythrocytes and hepatic tissue, as was melatonin. The obtained data permit the following conclusions. First, the LDB models cause marked hepatic oxidative stress. Second, the participation of free radicals of oxygen in the pathogenecity and severity of cholestasis produced by the acute obstruction of the extra-hepatic biliary duct is likely. Third, the results confirm the function of S-AMe as an antioxidant and hepatoprotector. Finally, melatonin is far more potent and provides superior protection as compared to S-AMe. Considering the decrease in oxidative stress and the intensity of cholestasis, these findings have interesting clinical implications for melatonin as a possible therapeutic agent in biliary cholestasis and parenchymatous liver injury. [source] | ||||||||||