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Linguistic Information (linguistic + information)
Selected AbstractsFEATURE-BASED KOREAN GRAMMAR UTILIZING LEARNED CONSTRAINT RULESCOMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, Issue 1 2005So-Young Park In this paper, we propose a feature-based Korean grammar utilizing the learned constraint rules in order to improve parsing efficiency. The proposed grammar consists of feature structures, feature operations, and constraint rules; and it has the following characteristics. First, a feature structure includes several features to express useful linguistic information for Korean parsing. Second, a feature operation generating a new feature structure is restricted to the binary-branching form which can deal with Korean properties such as variable word order and constituent ellipsis. Third, constraint rules improve efficiency by preventing feature operations from generating spurious feature structures. Moreover, these rules are learned from a Korean treebank by a decision tree learning algorithm. The experimental results show that the feature-based Korean grammar can reduce the number of candidates by a third of candidates at most and it runs 1.5 , 2 times faster than a CFG on a statistical parser. [source] Hemispheric asymmetries in children's perception of nonlinguistic human affective soundsDEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2004Seth D. Pollak In the present work, we developed a database of nonlinguistic sounds that mirror prosodic characteristics typical of language and thus carry affective information, but do not convey linguistic information. In a dichotic-listening task, we used these novel stimuli as a means of disambiguating the relative contributions of linguistic and affective processing across the hemispheres. This method was applied to both children and adults with the goal of investigating the role of developing cognitive resource capacity on affective processing. Results suggest that children's limited computational resources influence how they process affective information and rule out attentional biases as a factor in children's perceptual asymmetries for nonlinguistic affective sounds. These data further suggest that investigation of perception of nonlinguistic affective sounds is a valuable tool in assessing interhemispheric asymmetries in affective processing, especially in parceling out linguistic contributions to hemispheric differences. [source] A framework for linguistic logic programmingINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, Issue 6 2010Tru H. Cao Lawry's label semantics for modeling and computing with linguistic information in natural language provides a clear interpretation of linguistic expressions and thus a transparent model for real-world applications. Meanwhile, annotated logic programs (ALPs) and its fuzzy extension AFLPs have been developed as an extension of classical logic programs offering a powerful computational framework for handling uncertain and imprecise data within logic programs. This paper proposes annotated linguistic logic programs (ALLPs) that embed Lawry's label semantics into the ALP/AFLP syntax, providing a linguistic logic programming formalism for development of automated reasoning systems involving soft data as vague and imprecise concepts occurring frequently in natural language. The syntax of ALLPs is introduced, and their declarative semantics is studied. The ALLP SLD-style proof procedure is then defined and proved to be sound and complete with respect to the declarative semantics of ALLPs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] A model of an information retrieval system with unbalanced fuzzy linguistic informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, Issue 11 2007Enrique Herrera-Viedma Most information retrieval systems based on linguistic approaches use symmetrically and uniformly distributed linguistic term sets to express the weights of queries and the relevance degrees of documents. However, to improve the system,user interaction, it seems more adequate to express these linguistic weights and degrees by means of unbalanced linguistic scales, that is, linguistic term sets with different discrimination levels on both sides of the middle linguistic term. In this contribution we present an information retrieval system that accepts weighted queries whose weights are expressed using unbalanced linguistic term sets. Then, the system provides the retrieved documents classified in linguistic relevance classes assessed on unbalanced linguistic term sets. To do so, we propose a methodology to manage unbalanced linguistic information and we use the linguistic 2-tuple model as the representation base of the unbalanced linguistic information. Additionally, the linguistic 2-tuple model allows us to increase the number of relevance classes in the output and also to improve the performance of the information retrieval system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 22: 1197,1214, 2007. [source] A multigranular linguistic content-based recommendation modelINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, Issue 5 2007Luis Martínez Recommendation systems are a clear example of an e-service that helps the users to find the most suitable products they are looking for, according to their preferences, among a vast quantity of information. These preferences are usually related to human perceptions because the customers express their needs, taste, and so forth to find a suitable product. The perceptions are better modeled by means of linguistic information due to the uncertainty involved in this type of information. In this article, we propose a content-based recommendation model that will offer a more flexible context to improve the final recommendations where the preferences provided by the sources will be modeled by means of linguistic variables assessed in different linguistic term sets. The proposal consists of offering a multigranular linguistic context for expressing the preferences instead of forcing users to use a unique scale. Then the content-based recommendation model will look for the most suitable product(s), comparing them with the customer(s) information according to its resemblance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 22: 419,434, 2007. [source] Handling linguistic web information based on a multi-agent systemINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, Issue 5 2007Zheng Pei Much information over the Internet is expressed by natural languages. The management of linguistic information involves an operation of comparison and aggregation. Based on the Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operator and modifying indexes of linguistic terms (their indexes are fuzzy numbers on [0,T] , R+), new linguistic aggregating methods are presented and their properties are discussed. Also, based on a multi-agent system and new linguistic aggregating methods, gathering linguistic information over the Internet is discussed. Moreover, by fixing the threshold ,, "soft filtering information" is proposed and better Web pages (or documents) that the user needs are obtained. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 22: 435,453, 2007. [source] Storage of linguistic information in a continuous classifying associative memoryINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, Issue 6 2002Antonio B. Bailón In this article, we analyze the use of the continuous classifying associative memory (CCLAM) to store linguistic information. Freedom in the choice of the functions that control the operation of the CCLAM equip this memory with the capacity to adapt to different information storage and recovery needs. We begin with the problem of storing linguistic terms by memorizing the patterns formed by the degrees of compatibility with these terms. After that, the problem of storing linguistic rules is discussed. Let us remark that in these cases not a single CCLAM is used, but rather a set of them connected in suitable structured ways. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Evolutionary Frameworks for Language Change: The Price Equation ApproachLINGUISTICS & LANGUAGE COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 6 2010Brady Clark Models and concepts from biology have informed the study of language change for several centuries. In this article, I take a comparative look across the disciplines of historical linguistics and evolutionary biology and ask if an evolutionary perspective on language change drawing on Darwin's theory of adaptation through natural selection can contribute in a substantive way to theorizing within the study of language change. This article discusses a framework for language change that borrows concepts from evolutionary theory, the framework presented in Mufwene (2008). Building on Jäger (2008), I suggest that George Price's "General Theory of Selection" provides a useful and precise framework in which to mathematically represent evolutionary frameworks for language change such as Mufwene's. In the final part of the paper, I propose that the Price equation approach to the levels of selection debate in biology can provide insight into the ways in which different levels of linguistic information interact during language change. [source] Stanislas Dehaene's Les neurones de la lectureMIND, BRAIN, AND EDUCATION, Issue 4 2008Antonio M. Battro ABSTRACT, Stanislas Dehaene has published a remarkable book on the neurons of reading. It is a comprehensive description of the main issues related to the "paradox of reading": how humans process linguistic information using the visual brain path while the brain has not evolved in the short period of time since the invention of writing. The article presents a powerful "neuronal recycling" hypothesis to explain the remarkable properties of our cultural neuroplasticity. Scientists and educators will find a trove of information and deep discussions regarding the universal challenge of teaching and learning to read. [source] Visuospatial memory and phonological loop in learning from multimediaAPPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 6 2002Valérie Gyselinck The dual-task paradigm was used to show how visuospatial working memory and the phonological loop are involved in processing scientific texts and illustrations presented via computer. In experiment 1, two presentation formats were compared: text-only and text-with-illustrations. With a concurrent tapping task, the beneficial effect of illustrations disappeared, while a concurrent articulatory task impaired performance similarly in both presentation formats. An analysis of individual differences revealed that this pattern of results was present in high, but not low spatial span subjects. These results support the selective involvement of visuospatial working memory in processing illustrated texts. In Experiment 2, the text-only presentation format was compared to an illustrations-only format. The concurrent articulatory task selectively impaired text-only processing, compared with processing illustrations-only. In addition, this pattern of results was found for high, but not low digit span subjects. These results suggest that individual differences define the extent to which the two subsystems of working memory are involved in learning from multimedia. These two subsystems would be mainly involved in the maintenance of a visual trace of illustrations and of a verbatim representation of linguistic information respectively, these representations being the basis for higher-level comprehension processes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Planar Asymmetry Tips the Phonological Playground and Environment Raises the BarCHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2001Mark A. Eckert Reading readiness varies as a function of family and environmental variables. This study of 11-year-old children (N=39) was designed to determine if there was an additional or interactive contribution of brain structure. Evidence is presented that both environmental and biological variables predict phonological development. Temporal lobe (planar) asymmetry, hand preference, family history of reading disability, and SES explained over half of the variance in phonological and verbal performance. The results demonstrate a linear association between cerebral organization and phonological skill within socioeconomic groups. These data provide concrete evidence to support the commonly held assumption that both environmental and biological factors are independent determinants of a child's ability to process linguistic information. [source] | |||||||||||||