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anti-TB Treatment (anti-tb + treatment)
Selected AbstractsAntituberculosis drug-related liver dysfunction in chronic hepatitis B infectionHEPATOLOGY, Issue 1 2000Wai-Man Wong Liver toxicity is a common side effect of antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs. We studied the differences in liver dysfunction observed during anti-TB treatment between hepatitis B virus carriers (HBV) and noncarriers. Three hundred twenty-four patients on anti-TB drugs were recruited and followed up for 1 year. Forty-three patients with HBV and 276 non-HBV patients were included for analysis. Liver function tests and viral markers were monitored monthly. Liver biopsy was requested whenever the alanine transaminase (ALT) was persistently abnormal. Eighty-six HBV carriers who were not given anti-TB drugs were chosen as a second control and evaluated prospectively. The incidence of liver dysfunction was significantly higher in HBV carriers given anti-TB drugs (34.9%) when compared to noncarriers (9.4%, P < .001) and with HBV carriers not given anti-TB drugs (8.1%, P < .001). For patients given anti-TB drugs, HBV carriers who developed liver dysfunction were younger (P = .011) and had more severe liver injury compared with noncarriers (P = .008). By multiple logistic regression analysis, age (P = .002) and hepatitis B infection (P < .001) were the only 2 significant risk factors for hepatotoxicity related to anti-TB therapy. [source] Value of sonography for follow-up of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in children with tuberculosisJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 3 2007Joaquim Bosch-Marcet Abstract Purpose. To assess the clinical value of sonography for the follow-up of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in children diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Methods. We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of 21 children (9 boys, 12 girls) with a mean age of 6 years (range, 7.4 months to 18 years) who had a positive intradermal tuberculin skin test. All patients underwent thorough history-taking, physical examination, frontal and lateral chest radiographs, and sonographic study of the mediastinum. The mediastinum was accessed through the suprasternal and left parasternal approaches. The presence of 1 or more masses with an ovoid or round shape and hypoechoic appearance in the anterior or middle mediastinum was recorded. A comparison was made between the results of the sonographic examination of the mediastinum before administration of anti-TB agents and after 3 months of treatment. Results. Pulmonary radiographic findings were suggestive of TB in 17 patients and were uncertain in 4 patients. Sonographic examination, however, detected mediastinal lymphadenopathy in all patients. A comparison of pretreatment mediastinal sonograms with those obtained after 3 months of anti-TB treatment showed a marked reduction of lymph node involvement in 17 patients (80.9%). In the remaining 4 patients, mediastinal lymphadenopathy was still present. Conclusion. Mediastinal sonography appears to be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of TB and in the monitoring of response to treatment in children. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007 [source] Anti-TB drug resistance levels and patterns among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from newly diagnosed cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaAPMIS, Issue 4 2009MECKY MATEE Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance levels and patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) isolated from newly diagnosed tuberculosis (TB) patients in Temeke district in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania were investigated. A total of 226 Mtb isolates from 564 TB suspects with no previous history of anti-TB treatment were tested for drug resistance against rifampicin, isoniazid, streptomycin and ethambutol on Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) medium using the proportion method. Of the 226 isolates, 22 (9.7%) were resistant to any one of the four anti-TB drugs; nine (3.99%) isolates were isoniazid mono-drug resistant and eight (3.54%) isolates were streptomycin mono-drug resistant. Multi-drug resistance, defined as resistance to both rifampicin and isoniazid, was observed in three (1.3%) isolates and two were also resistant to streptomycin and ethambutol. One (0.44%) isolate had poly resistance to isoniazid and streptomycin. The level of anti-TB drug resistant Mtb in Temeke, an HIV endemic area, remained constant between 1995 and 2007. The level of resistance to any one of the four anti-TB drugs was between 9.0% and 10%, resistance to individual drugs <4% and multi-drug resistance <2%. [source] Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV infection are independently associated with elevated serum concentrations of tumour necrosis factor receptor type 1 and ,2 -microglobulin, respectivelyCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 1 2000S. D. Lawn The aim of this study was to identify immune markers that are independently associated with HIV infection or TB in vivo. Using commercially available assays, we measured concentrations of five immune markers in sera from 175 out-patients attending medical clinics in Cote D'Ivoire and Ghana, West Africa. Patients were categorized into groups with TB only (TB+HIV,, n = 55), TB and HIV co-infection (TB+HIV+, n = 50), HIV infection only (TB,HIV+, n = 35), or neither infection (TB,HIV,, n = 35). TB+HIV+ and TB,HIV+ groups were matched for blood CD4+ lymphocyte count. Mean ±,s.d. concentrations of ,2 -microglobulin were similarly increased in both the TB,HIV+ (5·3 ± 2·1 ,g/ml, P < 0·0001) and the TB+HIV+ (5·0 ± 1·5 ,g/ml, P < 0·0001) groups compared with the TB,HIV, group (2·2 ± 1·8 ,g/ml), but were only slightly increased in the TB+HIV, group (3·2 ± 1·8 ,g/ml, P = 0·01). In contrast, mean serum concentrations of soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type I (sTNF-RI) were similarly elevated in the TB+HIV, (1873 ± 799 pg/ml, P < 0·0001) and TB+HIV+ (1797 ± 571 pg/ml, P < 0·0001) groups compared with uninfected subjects (906 ± 613 pg/ml), but there was only a small increase in sTNF-RI in the TB,HIV+ group (1231 ± 165 pg/ml, P = 0·03). Both TB and HIV infection were associated with substantial elevation of serum concentrations of soluble CD8, soluble CD54, and sTNF-R type II. Analysis of additional samples from groups of TB+HIV, and TB+HIV+ patients receiving anti-TB treatment showed significant and equal reductions in mean serum sTNF-RI concentrations, but no significant change in mean ,2 -microglobulin. Thus, serum ,2 -microglobulin and sTNF-RI serve as relatively independent markers of HIV infection and TB, respectively, in studies of co-infected persons. [source] | ||||||||||