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Antibody Activity (antibody + activity)
Selected AbstractsImmune responses of barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch), after administration of an experimental Vibrio harveyi bacterin by intraperitoneal injection, anal intubation and immersionJOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 11 2004P B B Crosbie Abstract Barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch), were immunized with an experimental Vibrio harveyi bacterin via intraperitoneal injection, immersion and anal intubation. Both specific and non-specific immune parameters were measured to compare responses to bacterin after delivery by various methods. Elevated antibody activities in sera were found in all treatment groups with barramundi injected intraperitoneally displaying significantly higher antibody activity than the other groups. In addition, there was evidence of memory induction with a heightened antibody response in the intraperitoneally injected group only. Bacteriostatic assays indicated activity against V. harveyi in the sera of all bacterin-treated groups; again this activity was significantly higher in the intraperitoneally injected groups. There was no enhancement noted in head kidney macrophage phagocytic activity or in serum lysozyme levels. [source] Efficacy of a live equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) strain C147 vaccine in foals with maternally-derived antibody: protection against EHV-1 infectionEQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 5 2004J. R. PATEL Summary Reasons for performing study: Currently, there is no recommended immunoprophylaxis against febrile respiratory diseases due to equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) and -4 (EHV-4) in horses below age 5,6 months. This is because of interference by maternally-derived antibody (MDA) of vaccines. Objective: Unweaned equine foals are an important reservoir of EHV-1 transmission; therefore, we experimentally assessed the efficacy of a live EHV-1 vaccine in foals age 1.4-3.5 months with MDA. Methods: Following vaccination and challenge, parameters assessed were virus shedding in nasal mucus, leucocyte-associated viraemia, circulating virus neutralising antibody activity and clinical reactions. Results: Controlled challenge showed that a single intranasal dose of the vaccine afforded partial but significant protection against febrile respiratory disease, virus shedding and viraemia due to EHV-1 infection, despite virus-neutralising MDA. Conclusions and potential relevance: The prospective vaccine would be a significant step forward in reducing the incidence of the disease caused by EHV-1 infection. [source] Immune responses of barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch), after administration of an experimental Vibrio harveyi bacterin by intraperitoneal injection, anal intubation and immersionJOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 11 2004P B B Crosbie Abstract Barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch), were immunized with an experimental Vibrio harveyi bacterin via intraperitoneal injection, immersion and anal intubation. Both specific and non-specific immune parameters were measured to compare responses to bacterin after delivery by various methods. Elevated antibody activities in sera were found in all treatment groups with barramundi injected intraperitoneally displaying significantly higher antibody activity than the other groups. In addition, there was evidence of memory induction with a heightened antibody response in the intraperitoneally injected group only. Bacteriostatic assays indicated activity against V. harveyi in the sera of all bacterin-treated groups; again this activity was significantly higher in the intraperitoneally injected groups. There was no enhancement noted in head kidney macrophage phagocytic activity or in serum lysozyme levels. [source] Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida infection in naturally and experimentally infected cod, Gadus morhua L.JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 10 2002B Magnadóttir Abstract Cod, Gadus morhua L., of wild origin, were reared at different temperatures for 12 months. During this period, moribund and newly dead fish were examined and samples collected for bacteriology and histopathology. Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida was isolated from 10 individuals reared at or above 7 °C. The isolates were homogeneous with respect to biochemical and antibiogram characters and similar to the ssp. achromogenes National Collection of Industrial and Marine Bacteria, UK, type strain 1110 and reference strains that have been isolated from salmonids and haddock in Iceland. Histopathological analysis of the naturally infected cod showed typical ulceration associated with atypical A. salmonicida infection and also widespread granulomatous formations. One-year-old cod of farmed origin, kept at 9 °C, received intraperitoneal or intramuscular injection with different doses of atypical A. salmonicida, isolated from the above wild cod. Mortalities were monitored for 28 days and the LD50 calculated. The route of bacterial injection influenced the mortality rate and LD50 value and affected, to some extent, the pathological changes observed and humoral immune parameters. Pathological changes, including haemorrhage, early stages of granuloma formation and necrotic changes, were seen in several organs. Infection appeared to induce non-specific antibody activity against trinitrophenyl (TNP)-haptenated protein and may have activated the complement system. Specific antibody response against atypical A. salmonicida was not detected. [source] Neutralizing antibody response variation against dengue 3 strainsJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 10 2008Mayling Alvarez Abstract To evaluate the neutralizing antibody activity of a human sera panel against seven strains of the homotypic virus. Sera were collected from DENV-3 immune individuals. Two DENV-3 genotypes and strains isolated at different time-points during the 2000 and 2001,2002 Havana epidemics were included. A panel of 20 late convalescent sera collected 16,18 months after acute illness from DF and DHF patients are studied. These individuals were infected during the 2001,2002 Havana DENV-3 epidemic. All but four sera collected from DF cases had a secondary DENV-1/DENV-3 infection. Sera neutralizing antibody titer against the seven DENV-3 strains were determined by plaque reduction neutralization technique. Sera samples were tested simultaneously. Studied sera showed higher levels of neutralizing antibodies to DENV-3 strains of genotype III compared to genotype V. Interesting, higher levels of neutralizing antibodies were detected to DENV-3 strain isolated at the end of the epidemic 2001,2002. An increased tendency of GMT of neutralizing antibodies according to epidemic evolution was observed for the 2001,2002 outbreak. In general, antibody levels in sera collected from DF cases were higher. Differences in the neutralization capacity of immune DENV-3 sera tested against two homologous genotypes including strains of the same genotype are demonstrated. Observed results suggest that virus changed in the course of the epidemic. The implications of this finding in terms of dengue pathogenesis and vaccine development need to be considered. J. Med. Virol. 80:1783,1789, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Topology and patch-clamp analysis of the sodium channel in relationship to the anti-lipid a antibody in campylobacteriosisJOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH, Issue 15 2008Seigo Usuki Abstract An infecting strain VLA2/18 of Campylobacter jejuni was obtained from an individual with campylobacteriosis and used to prepare chicken sera by experimental infection to investigate the role of serum anti-ganglioside antibodies in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Both sera of the patient and chicken contained anti-ganglioside antibodies and anti-Lipid A (anti-Kdo2-Lipid A) antibodies directed against the lipid A portion of the bacterial lipooligosaccharide. The anti-Kdo2-Lipid A activities inhibited voltage-gated Na (Nav) channel of NSC-34 cells in culture. We hypothesized that anti-Kdo2-Lipid A antibody acts on the functional inhibition of Nav1.4. To test this possibility, a rabbit peptide antibody (anti-Nav1.4 pAb) against a 19-mer peptide (KELKDNHILNHVGLTDGPR) on the , subunit of Nav1.4 was produced. Anti-Nav1.4 pAb was cross-reactive to Kdo2-Lipid A. Anti-Kdo2-lipid A antibody activity in the chicken serum was tested for the Na+ current inhibition in NSC-34 cells in combination with ,-Conotoxin and tetrodotoxin. Contrary to our expectations, the anti-Kdo2-Lipid A antibody activity was extended to Nav channels other than Nav1.4. By overlapping structural analysis, it was found that there might be multiple peptide epitopes containing certain dipeptides showing a structural similarity with v-Lipid A. Thus, our study suggests the possibility that there are multiple epitopic peptides on the extracellular domains of Nav1.1 to 1.9, and some of them may represent target sites for anti-Kdo2-Lipid A antibody, to induce neurophysiological changes in GBS by disrupting the normal function of the Nav channels. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Human salivary immunoglobulin and antigen-specific antibody activity after tonsillectomyMOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2001N. K. Childers The importance of the lymphoid tissue collectively known as Waldeyer's ring, which includes the palatine, lingual and nasopharyngeal tonsils, in the induction and contribution of specific antibody responses in human saliva is not clear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels differ in quantity and quality between subjects who have had a tonsillectomy and age, sex and race-matched controls. Parotid saliva, whole saliva, and blood serum samples were collected from 25 volunteer children who had undergone tonsillectomy (T,) within 6,14 months of sampling and from 25 age, sex and race-matched controls. The levels of total IgA (and subclasses) in saliva, and of antigen-specific salivary IgA and serum IgA and IgG antibodies to 4,9 relevant antigens were analyzed by ELISA. No significant difference was observed in the mean total IgA and IgA subclass levels in parotid and whole saliva, although the mean levels for children with a T, were slightly lower. Children with a T, had significantly higher parotid salivary IgA and IgA1 specific/total activity than controls. The total and specific whole saliva IgA and the specific serum IgA or IgG activities were not significantly different from controls. These results indicate an association between the removal of tonsils and increased levels of specific IgA activity in parotid saliva within the first year after a T,. [source] Detection of gender difference and epitope specificity of IgG antibody activity against IgA 1 hinge portion in IgA nephropathy patients using synthetic hinge peptide and glycopeptide probesNEPHROLOGY, Issue 2002I NAKAMURA [source] Recombinant therapeutic proteins: Production platforms and challengesBIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL, Issue 1 2008Theo Dingermann ProfessorArticle first published online: 27 NOV 200 Abstract Since the approval of insulin in 1982, more than 120 recombinant drug substances have been approved and become available as extremely valuable therapeutic options. Exact copying of the most common human form is no longer a value per se, as challenges, primarily related to the pharmacokinetics of artificial recombinant drugs, can be overcome by diverging from the original. However, relatively minor changes in manufacturing or packaging may impact safety of therapeutic proteins. A major achievement is the development of recombinant proteins capable of entering a cell. Such drugs open up completely new opportunities by targeting intracellular mechanisms or by substituting intracellularly operating enzymes. Concerns that protein variants would cause an intolerable immune response turned out to be exaggerated. Although most recombinant drugs provoke some immune response, they are still well tolerated. This knowledge might result in a change in attitude towards antibody formation, i.e., neutralizing antibody activity (in vitro) may be overcome by dosing consistently on the basis of antibody titers and not only on body weight. As with other drugs, efficacy and safety of therapeutic proteins have to be demonstrated in clinical studies, and superiority over available products has to be proven instead of just claimed. [source] Choroidal neovascularization associated with cancer-associated retinopathyACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 5 2010Giuseppe Querques Abstract. Purpose:, To report an unusual association between cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) associated with invasive thymoma and choriodal neovascularization (CNV), treated by photodynamic theraphy (PDT). Methods:, A 39-year-old man affected with thymoma and paraneoplastic syndrome (myasthenia gravis and diarrhoea) was observed between October 1997 and September 2007. The patient developed progressive visual dysfunction including bilateral visual acuity loss and concentric constriction of visual fields. Ophthalmological, immunological and systemic examinations were performed. Immunological evaluations included an assessment of antibody activity by indirect immunohistochemistry on sectioned rhesus monkey eye, and Western blot reactions upon an extract of pig retina. Results:, Fundus ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography revealed retinal vessel attenuation and retinal pigment epithelium degeneration. Electroretinogram suggested both rod and cone dysfunction. Indirect immunohistochemistry identified antibody activity within the photoreceptor outer segments. Western blots on the retina revealed that most of the patient's antibody activity was focused upon a retinal protein antigen approximating 145 kD. These findings share the commonalities of size and retinal distribution of the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), a recognized autoantigen. The surgically resected mediastinal tumour was diagnosed as invasive thymoma. No other malignancy has since been found throughout nearly 10 years of follow-up. In March 2006, the patient developed a subfoveal CNV in his left eye, which was treated by PDT. Conclusion:, We describe the third case of paraneoplastic retinopathy associated with invasive thymoma. This is the first example of CAR involving autoantibodies reactive with a retinal protein having the characteristics of the IRBP, and is also the first complicated by CNV treated by PDT. [source] | |||||||||||||