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Antibiotic Coverage (antibiotic + coverage)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	80%

Selected Abstracts

Antibiotic coverage for lip wound

DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2006
Yehuda Zadik DMD
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Subcutaneous emphysema during restorative dentistry

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2007
ROBERT J. STEELMAN
Background., Subcutaneous emphysema is a rare occurrence in the dental setting. When it does occur, the entity may be mistaken for an anaphylactic reaction to a local anaesthetic agent or other medications used in dental surgery. Case Report., During restorative treatment of a left second primary molar air was introduced under an operculum. Communication with submandibular and sublingual spaces to the mediastinum was established. Conclusion., Therapy for subcutaneous emphysema involves, correct diagnosis and antibiotic coverage. Subcutaneous air will resolve over time so observation is indicated. [source]

Acellular dermal matrix allograft used to gain attached gingiva in a case of epidermolysis bullosa

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 11 2003
Eralp Buduneli
Abstract Background: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is an acquired disease or inherited as either autosomal dominant or recessive with an incidence of 1/50,000. The prominent clinical characteristic of the disease is the development of bullae or vesicles in mucosa or skin in response to minor trauma. Aim: A female patient with a dystrophic type of EB had been put in a maintenance regimen after completion of the initial phase of periodontal therapy and followed for 7 years. The purpose of this report is to document acellular dermal matrix allograft application to increase the width of the attached gingiva in this patient experiencing difficulty in chewing and performing plaque control due to the dramatic loss of attached gingiva after 7 years of supportive periodontal therapy. Methods: Under local anaesthesia and antibiotic coverage, the acellular dermal matrix allograft was applied in the anterior region of the upper jaw in order to increase the width of attached gingiva, thereby improving patient comfort. Results: The healing was uneventful and a significant gain in attached gingiva dimensions was observed 9 months after the periodontal surgery. The procedure avoided a second surgical site, provided satisfactory results from an aesthetic point of view, and improved patient comfort. Conclusion: Acellular dermal matrix allograft may be regarded as an alternative in the treatment of EB cases to increase the width of attached gingiva and facilitate maintenance of the dentition. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Die Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) ist eine erworbene oder eine autosomal dominant oder rezessiv vererbte Krankheit mit einer Incidenz von 1:50,000. Die hervorstechenden klinischen Symptome dieser Erkrankung sind die Entwicklung von Blasen oder Vesikeln in der Mukosa oder in der Haut auf geringste Traumen. Ziel: Eine Frau mit dem dystrophischen Typ von EB wurde in der Erhaltungsphase seit 7 Jahren geführt, nachdem die initiale Phase der parodontalen Therapie beendet worden war. Der Zweck dieser Studie ist die Dokumentation der Applikation eines azellulären Hautmatrixtransplantats für die Verbreiterung der fest angewachsenen Gingiva bei dieser Patientin, die nach 7 Jahren der erhaltenden parodontalen Therapie Probleme beim Kauen und bei der Durchführung der Plaquekontrolle durch einen starken Verlust an fest angewachsener Gingiva hatte. Methoden: Unter lokaler Anästhesie und antibiotischer Abschirmung wurde das azelluläre Hautmatrixtransplantat in die anteriore Region des Oberkiefers appliziert, um die Breite der fest angewachsenen Gingiva zu vergrößern und so das Befinden der Patientin zu verbessern. Ergebnisse: Die Heilung war komplikationslos, und ein signifikanter Gewinn an fest angewachsener Gingiva 9 Monate nach der parodontalen Operation wurde beobachtet. Die Methode vermied eine zweite chirurgische Region, erbrachte zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse aus ästhetischer Sicht und verbesserte das Befinden der Patientin. Schlussfolgerung: Das azelluläre Hautmatrixtransplantat kann als eine Alternative in der Behandlung von EB betrachtet werden, um die Breite der fest angewachsenen Gingiva zu vergrößern und zur Möglichkeit der Erhaltung der Dentition beizutragen. Résumé La bullose épidermolysie (EB) est une maladie contractée ou héritée qui peut être aussi bien autosomale dominante que récessive avec une fréquence de 1/50,000. La caractéristique clinique importante de la maladie est le développement de bulles ou de vésicules au niveau de la muqueuse ou de la peau comme réponse à un traumatisme mineur. Une femme avec un type dystrophique de EB a été placée dans un régime de maintenance après la fin de la phase initiale du traitement parodontal et suivie durant sept années. Le but de ce rapport est de documenter le placement d'un allographe de la matrice dermique acellulaire visant à augmenter la largeur de la gencive attachée chez cette patiente qui avait des problèmes aux niveaux masticatoire et du contrôle de la plaque dentaire vu la perte dramatique de la gencive attachée après sept années de maintenance parodontale. Sous anesthésie locale et sous couverture antibiotique, l'allographe de la matrice dermique acellulaire a été placé dans la région antérieure de la mâchoire supérieure pour augmenter la largeur de la gencive attachée afin d'améliorer le confort de la patiente. La guérison s'est déroulée sans problème et un gain significatif de gencive attachée a été observé neuf mois après la chirurgie parodontale. Ce processus chirurgical élimine la nécessité d'avoir un site donneur, apporte des résultats satisfaisants du point de vue esthétique et améliore le confort du patient. L'allographe de la matrice dermique acellulaire peut donc être considéré comme une alternative dans le traitement des cas de EB afin d'augmenter la largeur de la gencive attachée et faciliter le maintien de la dentition. [source]

Vancomycin covalently bonded to titanium alloy prevents bacterial colonization

JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 7 2007
Valentin Antoci Jr.
Abstract Periprosthetic infection is a devastating consequence of implant insertion and can arise from hematogenous sources or surgical contamination. Microbes can preferentially colonize the implant surface and, by forming a biofilm, escape immune surveillance. We hypothesized that if an antibiotic can be tethered to a titanium alloy (Ti) surface, it will inhibit bacterial colonization, prevent biofilm formation, and avert late-stage infection. To test this hypothesis, a Ti rod was covalently derivatized with vancomycin. Reaction efficiencies were evaluated by colorimetric and spectrophotometric measurements. The vancomycin-modified surface was stable in aqueous solutions over extended time periods and maintained antibiotic coverage, even after press-fit insertion into a cadaverous rat femora. When evaluated using fluorescently labeled bacteria, or by direct colony counts, the surface-bound antibiotic prevented bacterial colonization in vitro after: (1) exposure to high levels of S. aureus; (2) extended incubation in physiological buffers; and (3) repeated bacterial challenges. Importantly, whereas the vancomycin-derivitized pins prevented bacterial colonization, S. aureus adhered to control pins, even in the presence of concentrations of vancomycin that exceeded the strain MIC. These results demonstrate that we have effectively engineered a stable, bactericidal Ti surface. This new surface holds great promise in terms of mitigating or preventing periprosthetic infection. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:858,866, 2007 [source]

Role of ,atypical pathogens' among adult hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia

RESPIROLOGY, Issue 8 2009
Grace LUI
ABSTRACT Background and objective: Agents such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila are recognized as important causes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) worldwide. This study examined the role of these ,atypical pathogens' (AP) among adult hospitalized patients with CAP. Methods: A prospective, observational study of consecutive adult CAP (clinico-radiological diagnosis) patients hospitalized during 2004,2005 was conducted. Causal organisms were determined using cultures, antigen testing and paired serology. Clinical/laboratory/radiological variables and outcomes were compared between different aetiologies, and a clinical prediction rule for AP was constructed. Results: There were 1193 patients studied (mean age 70.8 ± 18.0 years, men 59.3%). Causal organisms were identified in 468 (39.2%) patients: ,bacterial' (48.7%), ,viral' (26.9%), ,AP' (28.6%). The AP infections comprised Mycoplasma or Chlamydophila pneumoniae (97.8%) and co-infection with bacteria/virus (30.6%). The majority of AP infections involved elderly patients (63.4%) with comorbidities (41.8%), and more than one-third of patients were classified as ,intermediate' or ,high' risk CAP on presentation (pneumonia severity index IV,V (35.1%); CURB-65 2,5 (42.5%)). Patients with AP infections had disease severities and outcomes similar to patients with CAP due to other organisms (oxygen therapy 29.1% vs 29.8%; non-invasive ventilation 3.7% vs 3.3%; admission to the intensive care unit 4.5% vs 2.7%; length of hospitalization 6 day vs 7 day; 30-day mortality: 2.2% vs 6.0%; overall P > 0.05). Age <65 years, female gender, fever ,38.0°C, respiratory rate <25/min, pulse rate <100/min, serum sodium >130 mmol/L, leucocyte count <11 × 109/L and Hb < 11 g/dL were features associated with AP infection, but the derived prediction rule failed to reliably discriminate CAP caused by AP from bacterial CAP (area under the curve 0.75). Conclusions: M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae as single/co-pathogens are important causes of severe pneumonia among older adults. No reliable clinical indicators exist, so empirical antibiotic coverage for hospitalized CAP patients may need to be considered. [source]