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Leg Position (leg + position)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences75%

Selected Abstracts

The Anatomic Relationship Between the Common Femoral Artery and Common Femoral Vein in Frog Leg Position Versus Straight Leg Position in Pediatric Patients

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 7 2009
Jennifer W. Hopkins MD
Abstract Background:, Overlap of the femoral artery (FA) on the femoral vein (FV) has been shown to occur in pediatric patients. This overlap may increase complications such as arterial puncture and failed insertions of central venous lines (CVLs). Knowledge of the anatomic relationship between the FV and FA may be important in avoiding these complications. Objectives:, The objective was to evaluate the anatomic relationship of the FA and FV in straight leg position and frog leg position. Methods:, This was a prospective, descriptive study of a convenience sample of 80 total subjects (16 subjects from each of five predetermined stratified age groups). Each subject underwent a standardized ultrasound examination in both the straight and the frog leg positions. The location of the FA in relation to the FV was measured at three locations: immediately distal, 1 cm distal, and 3 cm distal to the inguinal ligament. Overlap of the FA on the FV and the diameter of the FV was noted at each location. Measurements were repeated in both the straight leg and the frog leg positions. Results:, For the left leg, immediately distal to the inguinal ligament, the FV was overlapped by the FA in 36% of patients in straight leg position and by 45% of patients in frog leg position. At 1 cm distal to the ligament, overlap was observed in 75% of patients in straight leg position and 88% of patients in the frog leg position. At 3 cm distal to the ligament, overlap was observed in 93% of patients in straight leg position and 86% of patients in the frog leg position. The percentage of vessels with overlap was similar in the right leg at each location for both the straight and the frog leg positions. Pooled mean (±SD) FV diameters for the left leg immediately distal to the inguinal ligament were 0.64 (±0.23) cm in the straight leg position and 0.76 (±0.28) cm in the frog leg position; at 1 cm distal to the ligament, 0.66 (±0.23) and 0.78 (±0.29) cm; and at 3 cm distal to the ligament, 0.65 (±0.27) and 0.69 (±0.29) cm. FV diameters for the right leg were similar to the left. Conclusions:, A significant percentage of children have FAs that overlap their FVs. This overlap may be responsible for complications such as FA puncture with CVL placement. Ultrasound-guided techniques may decrease these risks. Placing children in the frog leg position increases the diameter of the FV visualized on ultrasound. [source]

The effect of crossing legs on blood pressure in hypertensive patients

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 9-10 2010
Rukiye Pinar
Aims., The aim of this study was to examine whether there is any difference between BP readings with patients crossing a leg at the knee level and uncrossing during BP measurement. Background., It is clear that numerous factors influence an individual's blood pressure (BP) measurement. However, guidelines for accurately measuring BP inconsistently specify that the patient should keep feet flat on the floor. Design., Repeated measures. Method., Using a mercury-filled column sphygmomanometer, BP was measured at uncrossed leg position, crossed leg position and again at uncrossed leg position in 283 unmedicated or medicated patients. Three experienced nurses specially trained for the study performed BP measurements. Results., The results indicated that BP increased significantly with the crossed leg position. Systolic and diastolic BP significantly increased approximately 10 and 8 mmHg, respectively. Conclusion., Crossing the leg at knee results in a significant increase in BP. Relevance to clinical practice., Leg position during measurement of BP should be standardised and mentioned in publications. [source]

Structures of mono-unsaturated triacylglycerols.

ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, Issue 2 2008

The , -2 crystal structures of a series of mixed-chain saturated and trans -mono-unsaturated triacylglycerols containing palmitoyl, stearoyl and elaidoyl acyl chains have been solved from high-resolution powder diffraction data, from synchrotron as well as laboratory X-ray sources. The structures crystallized in the space group I2 with two independent molecules forming a dimer in the asymmetric unit, and packed in double-chain length layers. Unlike the corresponding ,-2 structures the solved , -2 structures have different molecular conformations for the symmetric and the asymmetric mixed triacylglycerols, both with the sn -2 chain in a leg position of the chair-shaped conformation. A transformation to the ,-2 structure with the sn -2 chain in the back position is complicated and unlikely to take place in the solid state. A novel ,,-2 polymorph of PSS has been crystallized and its structure has been solved. The melting point (239,K) of this so-called , -2 polymorph is 2,K above that of the , -2 polymorph and almost equal to that of the ,-2 polymorph of PSS. The difference in packing of the , -2 versus, -2 structure explains the slow , -2 to , -2 phase transition. The transition is strikingly similar to the ,2 -3 to ,1 -3 transition in cis -mono-unsaturated triacylglycerols. [source]

The Anatomic Relationship Between the Common Femoral Artery and Common Femoral Vein in Frog Leg Position Versus Straight Leg Position in Pediatric Patients

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 7 2009
Jennifer W. Hopkins MD
Abstract Background:, Overlap of the femoral artery (FA) on the femoral vein (FV) has been shown to occur in pediatric patients. This overlap may increase complications such as arterial puncture and failed insertions of central venous lines (CVLs). Knowledge of the anatomic relationship between the FV and FA may be important in avoiding these complications. Objectives:, The objective was to evaluate the anatomic relationship of the FA and FV in straight leg position and frog leg position. Methods:, This was a prospective, descriptive study of a convenience sample of 80 total subjects (16 subjects from each of five predetermined stratified age groups). Each subject underwent a standardized ultrasound examination in both the straight and the frog leg positions. The location of the FA in relation to the FV was measured at three locations: immediately distal, 1 cm distal, and 3 cm distal to the inguinal ligament. Overlap of the FA on the FV and the diameter of the FV was noted at each location. Measurements were repeated in both the straight leg and the frog leg positions. Results:, For the left leg, immediately distal to the inguinal ligament, the FV was overlapped by the FA in 36% of patients in straight leg position and by 45% of patients in frog leg position. At 1 cm distal to the ligament, overlap was observed in 75% of patients in straight leg position and 88% of patients in the frog leg position. At 3 cm distal to the ligament, overlap was observed in 93% of patients in straight leg position and 86% of patients in the frog leg position. The percentage of vessels with overlap was similar in the right leg at each location for both the straight and the frog leg positions. Pooled mean (±SD) FV diameters for the left leg immediately distal to the inguinal ligament were 0.64 (±0.23) cm in the straight leg position and 0.76 (±0.28) cm in the frog leg position; at 1 cm distal to the ligament, 0.66 (±0.23) and 0.78 (±0.29) cm; and at 3 cm distal to the ligament, 0.65 (±0.27) and 0.69 (±0.29) cm. FV diameters for the right leg were similar to the left. Conclusions:, A significant percentage of children have FAs that overlap their FVs. This overlap may be responsible for complications such as FA puncture with CVL placement. Ultrasound-guided techniques may decrease these risks. Placing children in the frog leg position increases the diameter of the FV visualized on ultrasound. [source]

The medial and lateral bellies of gastrocnemius: A cadaveric and ultrasound investigation

CLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 1 2008
Tony Antonios
Abstract It is commonly reported that the medial belly (MG) of the gastrocnemius muscle extends further distally than the lateral belly (LG). This observation is made in several standard anatomy texts with no explanation or quantitative data. In this study, the medial and lateral bellies of gastrocnemius in 45 embalmed cadavers were measured. The observed difference in length of the two bellies was found to be highly significant (mean difference in length = 1.74 cm, P < 0.001). In 8 out of 84 legs examined (9.5%), however, the MG was found to be shorter than the LG (three right legs, five left legs, bilateral in two individuals). Surprisingly, there was no correlation between the difference in muscle belly length in any individual and ipsilateral leg length or total body length, suggesting that the difference in belly length may be unrelated to biomechanical function. An ultrasound investigation into the activity pattern of the two bellies was carried out on five volunteers. Muscle activity was monitored during passive and active movements of the ankle and knee joints at different leg positions. During knee flexion and ankle plantarflexion, the LG contracted first in four of the five subjects, followed by the MG, then a period of either LG predomination or equal contraction. The fifth subject, who showed a reversed pattern of activity, had previously suffered an inversion injury of the ankle. We suggest that the initial activation of the LG may help to stabilize the ankle during plantarflexion. We found no evidence that gastrocnemius acts as a shunt muscle during distraction of the knee. Clin. Anat. 21:66,74, 2008. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]