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Leaf Oil (leaf + oil)
Selected AbstractsVariation in Volatile Leaf Oils of Twelve Eucalyptus Species Harvested from Hajeb Layoun Arboreta (Tunisia)CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY, Issue 3 2010Ameur Elaissi Abstract Hydrodistillation of the dried leaves of twelve species of the genus Eucalyptus L',Hér., i.e., E. brockwayi C.,A. Gardn., E. gracilis F. Muell., E. gilliiMaiden, E. largiflorens F. Muell., E. loxophlebaBenth., E. occidentalisEndl., E. oldfieldii F. Muell., E. salmonophloia F. Muell., E. sargentiiMaiden, E. stricklandiiMaiden, E. torquataLuehm., and E. woodwardiiMaiden, harvested from Hajeb Layoun arboreta (region of Kairouan, central Tunisia) in January 2005, afforded essential oils in yields varying from 0.5±0.1 to 5.7±0.5%, dependent on the species. E. sargentii and E. brockwayi provided the highest and the lowest percentage of essential oil amongst all the species examined, respectively. Analysis by GC (RI) and GC/MS allowed the identification of 133,components, representing 92.9,98.8% of the total oil. The contents of the different samples varied according to the species. The main components were 1,8-cineole, terpinen-4-ol, , -pinene (2), p -cymene, aromadendrene (1), globulol (5), trans -pinocarveol (6), spathulenol (7), , -eudesmol, torquatone (3), and 4-methylpentan-2-yl acetate (8). The principal component analysis and the hierarchical clustering indicated that the volatile leaf oil composition of the twelve Eucalyptus species could be clearly differentiated. [source] Comparative study of the leaf oil of Juniperus macropoda growing in Garhwal regions of Uttranchal (India)FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2005Divya Srivastava Abstract Leaf oils of Juniperus macropoda collected from different localities (Hindolkhal and Mussorie) of Garhwal Himalaya (Uttaranchal) exhibited much variation in their yield and composition. Oil yields in the Hindolkhal and Mussorie samples were 1.2% and 0.52% respectively. In the Hindolkhal sample, , -elemene (42.5%) was the main constituent of oil, followed by t -sabinene hydrate (8.8%) and , -cubebene (7.9%), while in the Mussorie sample the main oil constituent was , -thujone (22.6%), followed by biformene (7.7%) and sabinene (5.8%). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Chemical composition of essential oils from aerial parts of Cinnamomum malabatrum (Burman f.) Bercht & Presl.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2009N. K. Leela Abstract The constituents of the essential oils of leaf, petiole, shoot and terminal shoot of Cinnamomum malabatrum were determined by GC and GC,MS. Thirty-nine compounds, constituting 95% of the oil, were identified in the leaves. Major constituents of the leaf oil were (E)-caryophyllene (28.6%), (E)-cinnamyl acetate (15.1%), bicyclogermacrene (14.4%) and benzyl benzoate (8.5%). Twenty-eight compounds, representing 98% and 97% of the oil, were identified in the petioles and shoots, respectively, whereas in the oil of the terminal shoots 34 compounds, accounting for 97%, were identified. The essential oils of the petioles, shoots and terminal shoots were dominated by linalool (77.8,79.4%). This is the first report of the essential oil constituents of C. malabatrum. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Chemical variability of the leaf oil of 113 hybrids from Citrus clementina (Commun) × Citrus deliciosa (Willow Leaf)FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2008Félix Tomi Abstract Essential oils of 113 Citrus clementina (Commun) × Citrus deliciosa (Willow Leaf) hybrids were obtained from leaves collected on trees located in the same orchard. Their chemical composition was investigated by capillary GC, GC,MS and 13C-NMR and the results were submitted to statistical analysis. Three chemical compositions were characterized. The crossing between clementine and mandarin produces mainly leaf oils characterized by a composition similar to those of the parents (sabinene/linalool or methyl N-methylanthranylate). However, several samples exhibited an original composition (,- terpinene/linalool). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The volatile constituents of the leaves and flowers of Kigelia africana Benth.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2007Olayinka Taiwo Asekun Abstract The volatile constituents of the oil from the leaves and flowers of Kigelia africana Benth. from Lagos Nigeria, isolated by hydrodistillation, were analysed by GC and GC-MS. The leaf oil was found to contain 25 components, while the flower oil contained nine. Both oils were rich in non-terpenoids; hexadecanoic acid (21.91%, leaf oil; 57.00%, flower oil) was the most abundant in both oils. The other major components were ethyl linoleate (21.73%) and , -pinene (12.28%) in leaf oil and terpenolene (8.26%), myristic acid (7.95%) and linalool (6.71%) in the flower oil. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. from two localities in IranFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2006F. Askari Abstract Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the stems plus leaves, inflorescences and seeds of Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. individually. The plants were collected from Khojir and Chaloos (north-east and north of Tehran province, respectively). The yields of stem plus leaf, inflorescence and seed oils for the Khojir samples were 0.04%, 1.98% and 5.33% w/w and for the Chalous samples were 0.37%, 1.74% and 4.05% w/w, respectively. Limonene is a major constituent in the inflorescence and seed oils of the Khojir (47.9% and 90.5%, respectively) and Chalous samples (37.8% and 70.8%, respectively), whereas it was found in the stem plus leaf oil of the Khojir and the Chalous samples in low amounts (1.4% and 0.8%, respectively). , -Terpinen-7-al is the major constituent in the stem plus leaf and inflorescence oils of the Khojir (69.9% and 37.6%) and Chalous samples (72.8% and 49.1%), but was not found at all in the seed oils. Caryophyllene oxide (9.1%) was found in the stem plus leaf oil of the Khojir sample, and methyl eugenol (9.7%) and (E)-nerolidol acetate (9.1%) in the seed oil of the Chalous sample. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Comparative study of the leaf oil of Juniperus macropoda growing in Garhwal regions of Uttranchal (India)FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2005Divya Srivastava Abstract Leaf oils of Juniperus macropoda collected from different localities (Hindolkhal and Mussorie) of Garhwal Himalaya (Uttaranchal) exhibited much variation in their yield and composition. Oil yields in the Hindolkhal and Mussorie samples were 1.2% and 0.52% respectively. In the Hindolkhal sample, , -elemene (42.5%) was the main constituent of oil, followed by t -sabinene hydrate (8.8%) and , -cubebene (7.9%), while in the Mussorie sample the main oil constituent was , -thujone (22.6%), followed by biformene (7.7%) and sabinene (5.8%). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Chemical constituents of the essential oil of Asarum forbesii Maxim (Aristolochiaceae)FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2005Feng Zhang Abstract The essential oils from the leaves and roots of Asarum forbesii Maxim (Aristolochiaceae) were obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC and GC,MS; 20 and 17 constituents were identi,ed from the leaf and root oils, respectively. Methylisoeugenol (33.3%) and , -asarone (19.2%) were the main constituents in the leaf oil, while , -asarone (58.8%) and methyleugenol (10.3%) were the major constituents in the root oil. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Pimpinella aurea D.C. from IranFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2005F. Askari Abstract Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the stems, ,owers and seeds of Pimpinella aurea D.C. They were collected individually from Fasham (north-west of Tehran province). The yields of stem + leaf, ,ower and seed oils were 0.4%, 1.5% and 2.0% w/w, respectively; 32 constituents were identi,ed in the stem + leaf oil, 18 in the ,ower oil and eight in the seed oil. Major constituents of the stem + leaf oil were: 1,8-cineol and limonene (21.4%), viridi,orol (12.8%), , -pinene (11.5%), kessane (10.5%), germacrene D (4.9%), , -bisabolene (4.2%), , -zingiberene (3.3%) and citronellyl acetate (3.1%). Major constituents of the ,ower oil were: viridi,orol (32.5%), , -bisabolene (29.5%), caryophyllene oxide (6.6%), 1,8-cineol + limonene (8.9%) and estragol (5.1%). Major constituents of the seed oil were: , -bisabolene (50.8%), and viridi,orol (37.0%). Three compounds (, -bisabolene, viridi,orol and caryophyllene oxide) were common to all three oils. 1,8-Cineol and limonene, kessane and , -pinene were the major compounds in the stem + leaf and ,ower oils but were not found in the seed oil. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Volatile oils from leaves and stem barks of Cedrela ,ssilis (Meliaceae): chemical composition and antibacterial activitiesFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2004João Henrique G. Lago Abstract The volatile oils from the leaves and stem barks of Cedrela ,ssilis were submitted to GC,MS analysis and separation by adsorption chromatography. The fractions were analysed by GC, 1H- and 13C-NMR as well as GC,MS. The major components found in the leaf oil were , -caryophyllene (26.3%) and bicyclogermacrene (34.6%), while in the stem bark oil the major compounds were , -bisabolene (10.9%) and globulol (10.9%). In an antibacterial assay, only the leaf oil was able to inhibit growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Eschorichia coli. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Volatile constituents of different organs of Psoralea bituminosa L.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2004Alessandra Bertoli Abstract The essential oil and SPME samples of the leaves, ,owers and seeds of Psoralea bituminosa L. were analysed by GC and GC,MS. We have investigated also the presence of monoterpene or aliphatic alcohol glucosides. The essential oils showed both qualitative and quantitative differences. The main constituents of the leaf and the ,ower essential oils were caryophyllene (23% and 18%, respectively), , -farnesene (15% and 6%, respectively), and germacrene D (24% and 18%, respectively). Signi,cant amounts (7%) of the same compounds were also directed in the seed essential oil, but tricyclene (11%) and , -pinene (50%) were the most important constituents of this oil. The volatile fractions of remaining leaf aqueous extracts after treatment with , -glucosidase revealed qualitative differences in comparison with the composition of the corresponding essential oils, and high levels of 3-hexen-1-ol (37%) and 1-octen-3-ol (27%) were observed. The SPME analysis of the fresh leaves, ,owers and seeds of P. bituminosa con,rmed the qualitative composition of the volatile oils, even if we detected signi,cative differences in the percentage ratio between monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in comparison with the oils, where sesquiterpenes were the main components. In fact the variation of the monoterpenes, tricyclene, , -pinene and camphene between the leaf oil and the corresponding headspace sample was remarkable: tricyclene increased from 0.1% to 8%, , -pinene from 0.1% to 16% and camphene from 0.3% to 10% in the SPME samples. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Volatile constituents of the leaves and flowers of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra,FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2003Alessandra Bertoli Abstract The ,ower and leaf oil of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra (Guttiferae, Hypericoideae) from Calabria (Italy) were studied by GC and GC,MS. The major components identi,ed in each oil were n -nonane (8%, 15%), , -pinene (8%, 4%), , -pinene (13%, 10%), myrcene (16%, 5%), , -caryophyllene (5%, 11%), germacrene-D (10%, 13%), sabinene (13%, 3%) and caryophyllene oxide (5%, 12%) in the leaf and ,ower oils, respectively. The aerial parts of the same plant were also analysed by SPME. The SPME analysis showed higher yields of undecane (14%, 10%) and , -caryophyllene (14%, 10%) in comparison with the corresponding hydrodistillation oils, in addition to , -pinene, , -pinene, sabinene and myrcene, amounting to (9%, 6%), (7%, 4%), (1%, 9%), (1%, 10%) for the leaves and ,owers, respectively. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume leaves from Little Andaman, India,FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2001V. K. Raina Abstract The leaf oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume grown in Little Andaman was analysed by GC and GC,MS. Forty-seven constituents, representing 99.96% of the oil, were identified. The main constituents of the oil were eugenol (76.60%), linalool (8.5%) and piperitone (3.31%). The composition of the oil is comparable to cinnamon leaf oil produced in Bangalore and Hyderabad (south India) in terms of eugenol and linalool contents. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Comparative effects of some botanicals for the control of the seed weevil Caryedon serratus Olivier (Col., Bruchidae)JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 10 2002H. A. El Atta Leaf powder, seed kernel powder and oil extracted from the seeds of A. indica and leaf powder and oil extracted from the leaves of E. camaldulensis and benzene hexachloride (BHC) were tested at 1, 3 and 5% (w/w or v/w) against C. serratus. Eucalyptus leaf oil (ELO) and neem oil (NO) at 3 and 5% were as efficient as BHC and significantly (P=0.0001) reduced egg laying by C. serratus, whereas Eucalyptus leaf powder (ELP) had no significant effect. Neem seed kernel powder (NSKP) at 5%, ELO (3 and 5%) and NO (3 and 5%) significantly (P=0.0001) reduced egg hatching more than BHC at all doses. NO (3 and 5%) and ELO (3 and 5%) significantly (P=0.0001) reduced larval development more than BHC, whereas ELP and Neam Leaf Powder had no significant effect. Adult emergence and mortality were also significantly (P=0.0001) affected by some botanicals tested, especially oils. Oils were more effective as compared with powder. The study indicated that the botanicals tested have a good potential in replacing conventional pesticides because of their high efficacy and environmental safety. [source] Volatile leaf oil diversity in the narrow range endemic Eucalyptus argutifolia (Myrtaceae) and its widespread congener Eucalyptus obtusifloraBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, Issue 4 2009W. JASON KENNINGTON Variation in the qualitative composition of volatile leaf oil was examined in the rare Eucalyptus argutifolia and its widespread congener Eucalyptus obtusiflora. The results revealed that, consistent with the pattern seen with allozymes, E. argutifolia had less variation within populations than E. obtusiflora. Total leaf oil diversity was also significantly lower in the rare species. As found with allozymes, most leaf oil diversity was within populations, but there was also a significant proportion of the variation between populations (25.2% and 27.3% for E. argutifolia and E. obtusiflora, respectively). There were significant associations between phenotypic distance based on leaf oils and geographical distance and between phenotypic and genetic distance across all populations, but these associations were not evident within species. Factors leading to reduced variation in E. argutifolia appear to affect all types of variation, but the relationships between different types of variation within the species are less apparent. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 96, 738,745. [source] Antiproliferative effects of essential oils and their major constituents in human renal adenocarcinoma and amelanotic melanoma cellsCELL PROLIFERATION, Issue 6 2008M. R. Loizzo Materials and methods: Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and were analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Antiproliferative activity was tested on amelanotic melanoma C32 cells and on renal cell adenocarcinoma cells, using the sulphorhodamine B assay. Results: Cupressus sempervirens ssp. pyramidalis leaf oil exerted the highest cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 104.90 µg/mL against C32, followed by activity of P. orientalis and P. asperula on the renal adenocarcinoma cell line (IC50 of 121.93 and 139.17 µg/mL, respectively). P. orientalis essential oil was also active against amelanotic melanoma with an IC50 of 330.04 µg/mL. Three identified terpenes, linalool, ,-caryophyllene and ,-cedrol, were found to be active on both cell lines tested. Conclusions: Our findings provide novel insights into the field of cytotoxic properties of essential oils. This study provided evidence on how cytotoxic activity of the oils is not always related to their major constituents, except for lower activity found in both cell lines for ,-cedrol. Interestingly, ,-caryophyllene and linalool exhibited comparable IC50 values to the commercial drug vinblastine on the ACHN cell line. This opens a new field of investigation to discover mechanisms responsible for the observed activity. [source] Composition of the essential oils from the leaves of nine Pinus species and the cones of three of Pinus speciesFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2007Kohsuke Kurose Abstract The essential oils from leaves of Pinus koraiensis, P. merkusii, P. palustris, P. parviflora, P. petula, P. ponderosa, P. pumila, P. rigida and P. rudis and cones of P. densiflora, P. rigida and P. taeda were investigated by GC,MS. Yields of the oils were 0.08,2.33 (w/w). , -Pinene (0.2,51.8%) and , -pinene (0.1,38.2%) were contained in both the leaf and cone oils of Pinus species. The monoterpene fractions of Pinus leaf oils comprised mainly pinanes and menthanes. Pinanes were present in greater amounts than menthanes in the leaf oils of all the species except P. petula. The leaves of P. pumila contained caranes as major components, whereas those of P. parviflora contained camphanes as major components. As for sesquiterpenes in the leaf oils, caryophyllane and/or the cadinane group were the major components. The leaf oils of P. merkusii, P. petula and P. rudis contained larger amounts of caryophyllanes than those of the cadinane group. The sesquiterpenes of these three species were mainly caryophyllanes, while in the sesquiterpene fraction of other Pinus species the content of the cadinane group was larger than that of caryophyllanes. Concerning cone oils, P. rigida and P. taeda cones were mainly composed of monoterpenes, while P. densiflora contained sesquiterpenes as the main components. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Chemical variability of peel and leaf oils of mandarinsFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2006Anne-Laure Fanciullino Abstract Peel and leaf oils of 35 mandarin cultivars, belonging to five different species, were obtained from fruits and leaves collected on mandarin-trees kept at the same pedoclimatic and cultural conditions. Their chemical composition was investigated by capillary GC, GC,MS and 13C-NMR and the results were submitted to a statistical analysis. Two major chemotypes, limonene and limonene/, -terpinene, were distinguished for peel oils, while five chemotypes, linalool, sabinene/linalool, , -pinene/linalool, , -terpinene and methyl N-methylanthranilate, were observed for leaf oils. The results were compared with those already reported by our groups. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The essential oils of Boesenbergia stenophylla R. M. Sm. as natural sources of methyl (E)-cinnamateFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2003Fasihuddin bin Ahmad Abstract The rhizome and leaf oils of Boesenbergia stenophylla R. M. Sm. were analysed by gas chromatography on two columns of different polarity, retention indices and GC,MS. The oils were found to possess compositional similarities but quantitative differences in the concentration of each component. The oils are natural sources of methyl (E)-cinnamate, constituting 49.9,53.4% of the oils. They are also rich in sesquiterpenoids (39.8 and 40.3%, respectively) with , -elemene, , -elemene, , -santalene, , -humulene, , -muurolene, spathulenol, caryophyllene alcohol and kaur-16-ene as the main representatives. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Volatile leaf oil diversity in the narrow range endemic Eucalyptus argutifolia (Myrtaceae) and its widespread congener Eucalyptus obtusifloraBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, Issue 4 2009W. JASON KENNINGTON Variation in the qualitative composition of volatile leaf oil was examined in the rare Eucalyptus argutifolia and its widespread congener Eucalyptus obtusiflora. The results revealed that, consistent with the pattern seen with allozymes, E. argutifolia had less variation within populations than E. obtusiflora. Total leaf oil diversity was also significantly lower in the rare species. As found with allozymes, most leaf oil diversity was within populations, but there was also a significant proportion of the variation between populations (25.2% and 27.3% for E. argutifolia and E. obtusiflora, respectively). There were significant associations between phenotypic distance based on leaf oils and geographical distance and between phenotypic and genetic distance across all populations, but these associations were not evident within species. Factors leading to reduced variation in E. argutifolia appear to affect all types of variation, but the relationships between different types of variation within the species are less apparent. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 96, 738,745. [source] | |||||||||||||