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Leaf Galls (leaf + gall)
Selected AbstractsSusceptibility of source plants to Sugarcane Fiji disease virus influences the acquisition and transmission of the virus by the planthopper vector Perkinsiella saccharicidaJOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 1 2006K. Dhileepan Abstract:, Fiji leaf gall (FLG) caused by Sugarcane Fiji disease virus (SCFDV) is transmitted by the planthopper Perkinsiella saccharicida. FLG is managed through the identification and exploitation of plant resistance. The glasshouse-based resistance screening produced inconsistent transmission results and the factors responsible for that are not known. A series of glasshouse trials conducted over a 2-year period was compared to identify the factors responsible for the erratic transmission results. SCFDV transmission was greater when the virus was acquired by the vector from a cultivar that was susceptible to the virus than when the virus was acquired from a resistant cultivar. Virus acquisition by the vector was also greater when the vector was exposed to the susceptible cultivars than when exposed to the resistant cultivar. Results suggest that the variation in transmission levels is due to variation in susceptibility of sugarcane cultivars to SCFDV used for virus acquisition by the vector. [source] Anticaries effect of compounds extracted from Galla Chinensis in a multispecies biofilm modelMOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 6 2008Q. Xie Introduction:,Galla Chinensis is a leaf gall known to have some antibacterial effects. Using an in vitro biofilm model of dental plaque, the present study aimed to evaluate the anticaries effects of Galla Chinensis and its chemical fractions. Methods:, A four-organism bacterial consortium (Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Lactobacillus rhamnosus) was grown on hydroxyapatite (HA) discs, bovine enamel blocks, and glass surfaces in a continuous culture system and exposed to repeated solution pulses. Galla Chinensis extracts, sucrose solutions, and sodium fluoride solutions were pulsed into different flow cells. The pH value of the planktonic phase in each flow cell was recorded and the bacteria colonizing the biofilm on the HA discs were counted. Enamel blocks were observed using a polarized microscope and lesion depth was evaluated. The biofilm morphology was examined with a fluorescence microscope and the images captured were analyzed on an image analysis system. Results:, When Galla Chinensis extract, its chemical fraction, or fluoride was added to the sucrose solution, the planktonic phase pH remained higher than that in the sucrose alone. A lower level of colonization on the HA surface was also observed in the groups to which Galla Chinensis and fluoride were added compared with the control sucrose group, and this was reflected in both the total viable count and the biofilm imaging, which showed fewer cariogenic bacteria and a less compact biofilm, respectively. Enamel demineralization in both the fluoride group and the Galla Chinensis group was significantly less than that in the sucrose group. Conclusions:,Galla Chinensis and fluoride may inhibit the cariogenicity of the oral biofilm. Galla Chinensis appears to be a promising source of new agents that may prevent dental caries. [source] Plant genetics shapes inquiline community structure across spatial scalesECOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 4 2009Gregory M. Crutsinger Abstract Recent research in community genetics has examined the effects of intraspecific genetic variation on species diversity in local communities. However, communities can be structured by a combination of both local and regional processes and to date, few community genetics studies have examined whether the effects of instraspecific genetic variation are consistent across levels of diversity. In this study, we ask whether host-plant genetic variation structures communities of arthropod inquilines within distinct habitat patches , rosette leaf galls on tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima). We found that genetic variation determined inquiline diversity at both local and regional spatial scales, but that trophic-level responses varied independently of one another. This result suggests that herbivores and predators likely respond to heritable plant traits at different spatial scales. Together, our results show that incorporating spatial scale is essential for predicting the effects of genetically variable traits on different trophic levels and levels of diversity within the communities that depend on host plants. [source] Cecidophagy in adults of Demotina fasciculata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its effect on the survival of Andricus moriokae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) inhabiting leaf galls on Quercus serrata (Fagaceae)ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2010Takayoshi KATSUDA Abstract Females of Demotina fasciculata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) were found to prefer to feed on galls induced by Andricus moriokae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) rather than on leaves of its host plant, Quercus serrata (Fagaceae). This is the first record of cecidophagy by adult chrysomelid beetles. Demotina fasciculata did not infest healthy galls induced by another unidentified cynipid species on the same host trees, but did feed on galls inhabited by an inquiline species Synergus quercicola (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), presumably because such galls remained on the host trees longer than healthy galls. Galls of A. moriokae were infested more severely than cynipid galls inhabited by the inquiline. Therefore, higher density and thicker gall wall in A. moriokae galls seem to make them more suitable targets for D. fasciculata to attack. Larval chambers of A. moriokae galls were stripped by the infestation of gall walls and readily dropped to the ground, resulting in 100% death of cynipid larvae due to desiccation, while 62.5% of pupae survived when they had developed to the late stadium before the fall of larval chambers. [source] Detection of an invasive gall-inducing pest, Quadrastichus erythrinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), causing damage to Erythrina variegata L. (Fabaceae) in Okinawa Prefecture, JapanENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE, Issue 2 2007Nami UECHI Abstract In 2005, Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim, 2004 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), which induces stem, petiole, and leaf galls on Erythrina variegata L. (Fabaceae), was found on the following six islands in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan: Okinawa, Kume, Miyako, Ishigaki, Iriomote, and Hateruma. Galls were also found in Vietnam. In Japan, no further infestation records have been reported from any of Japan's other south-western prefectures where Erythrina species grow. Because no Erythrina galls were observed in Okinawa Prefecture before 2005, Q. erythrinae seems to have invaded quite recently. [source] Diversity of host plant relationships and leaf galling behaviours within a small genus of thrips ,Gynaikothrips and Ficus in south east Queensland, AustraliaAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Desley J Tree Abstract Thrips are well known as gall inducers, yet no field studies have been published on phlaeothripids in the genus Gynaikothrips, which gall Ficus leaves in Australia. A detailed field study was conducted in suburban Brisbane, Australia, on thrips species that induce leaf galls on fig trees. Gynaikothrips ficorum is evidently host specific as it induced leaf galls only on Ficus microcarpa, and did so almost continuously throughout the spring and summer growing season. By contrast, G. australis induced leaf galls on F. macrophylla, F. rubingosa and F. obliqua but only when flushes of new leaves appeared, and this occurred at intervals during spring and summer. Gynaikothrips ficorum feeds on the upper surface of new leaves and this causes the leaf to fold and/or twist into a gall. The life of the gall is about 4 weeks, with the thrips pupating within it. Sometimes, the galls are invaded by a kleptoparasite thrips, Mesothrips jordani. Gynaikothrips australis feeds on the underside of the new leaves and this causes the margins to curl under. The life of the gall is about 6 weeks, with the thrips pupating under the bark of the fig tree branches, and sometimes the galls are shared with an inquiline, G. additamentus. [source] | ||||||||||