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Lessons
Kinds of Lessons Terms modified by Lessons Selected AbstractsHAROLD WILSON'S DEVALUATION: A SALUTARY LESSONECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 3 2008G. R. Steele The 1967 sterling devaluation opened the final act of the Keynesian epoch. The assurance ,that the pound here in Britain, in your pocket or purse or in your bank' had not been devalued, rests upon a ,fixed price' assumption invoked by John Maynard Keynes for the 1930s. It carried the implication that a currency revaluation is the only price change that is relevant to international competitiveness. That is nonsense. Devaluation succeeds in readjusting international payments only if it reduces the value of the pound in our pocket, purse or bank. [source] INFLATION TARGETING AND THE ECONOMY: LESSONS FROM CANADA'S FIRST DECADECONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY, Issue 1 2001C Freedman Inflation targeting has become the centerpiece of the monetary policy framework in a number of industrial countries and emerging economies. The first part of this article examines the Canadian experience with inflation targeting since its introduction in early 1991 and various issues that require resolution in establishing such a framework. It also examines the way inflation targets deal with demand, price, and productivity shocks. The second part focuses on Canada's economic performance during the 1990s. Factors other than monetary policy - most notably private sector restructuring and the fiscal situation in the first half of the decade - played an important role in the sluggishness of the recovery from the recession of 1990,91. Trend growth in Canada during the 1990s was lower than in earlier periods and than U.S. trend growth over the same period. The article examines the role of such factors as productivity growth and participation rates in explaining the differences. I conclude that a good monetary policy is necessary but not sufficient for good economic outcomes. [source] NAVIGATING REFORMS: LESSONS FROM INDIAECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 3 2009Arun Shourie In the 2008 Wincott Lecture, the author argues that huge obstacles stand in the way of desperately needed economic reforms in India. Liberalisation initiatives have been undermined by poor governance, ineffective institutions and powerful vested interests. Unless these problems are addressed, high rates of economic growth are unlikely to be sustained in the long term. [source] COMMENT ON NAVIGATING REFORMS: LESSONS FROM INDIA, THE 2008 WINCOTT LECTURE, GIVEN BY ARUN SHOURIEECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 3 2009Razeen Sally Economic growth in India has been impressive in recent years. However, development has largely by-passed agriculture and labour-intensive industry, the sectors with the most potential to drive up living standards in the long term. Despite welcome recent efforts at reform, large parts of the Indian economy continue to be hindered by poor governance and over-regulation. [source] NHS AS STATE FAILURE: LESSONS FROM THE REALITY OF NATIONALISED HEALTHCAREECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2008Helen Evans The British National Health Service is often held up as a beacon of egalitarian healthcare, funded through general taxation and free at the point of use. Instituted by arguably the most socialist government in British history after World War II, it has manifested all the flaws that might be expected from a state monopoly: waste, inefficiency, under-investment, rationing and constant political interference. The result has been poor health outcomes for British citizens compared with other wealthy countries, and a failure by the NHS to live up to its founding principles of comprehensive, unlimited healthcare and egalitarianism. [source] RAMPING UP AFRICAN GROWTH: LESSONS FROM FIVE DECADES OF GROWTH EXPERIENCEECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2006Benno J. Ndulu Since the 1960s economic growth rates have been far lower in sub-Saharan Africa than in other developing regions. This poor performance has resulted primarily from endemic rent-seeking and the over-regulation of markets. To achieve high growth rates, African countries must improve the investment climate by reforming institutions, enhancing infrastructure and protecting property rights. [source] PLANNING THROUGH EXCLUSIVE DIALOGUE: BASIC LESSONS WE CAN LEARN FROM THE PRIVATE ESTATEECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2005Spencer Heath MacCallum Empirical evidence suggests that private estates where land is managed as a multi-tenant property by a single private company with a continuing interest in the value of that property tend to be better run than estates that are subdivided into multiple parcels of separately managed land with the commons managed via some form of political decision-making. Public policy, particularly in the UK, has hindered the growth of successful multi-tenant private estates. [source] LABOUR MARKET REGULATION: SOME COMPARATIVE LESSONSECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 3 2005W. S. Siebert Labour market regulation that undermines freedom of contract leads to fewer, higher productivity jobs with employment being across a narrower range of ages. More people are excluded from the labour market, in highly regulated countries and they remain unemployed for longer. This seems to be damaging to welfare. It is possible that the extent of regulation is explained by the relative ability of those who gain from regulation (those in work) to influence the outcome of political processes to a greater extent than those who lose (the unemployed). However, the legal framework and legal traditions may also play a part. [source] FURTHER LESSONS FROM PRIVATISATIONECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 3 2004Martin Ricketts Privatisation transfers assets from state to private ownership. However, this is not a sufficient action for competitive liberal markets to develop. Indeed, attempts by regulators to impose a structure on industries to promote competition actually inhibit the competitive process from determining the most efficient industrial structure. Privatised industries can still have their objectives determined through the political process. Thus, privatisation, to be fully effective, needs to be supported by other policies that will ensure that competition prevails and that the assets of the industries are used to meet the ends of consumers rather than those of politicians. [source] HISTORICAL LESSONS FOR EUROPE'S FUTURE IN THE WAKE OF THE EU CONVENTIONECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 1 2004Paul Robinson The EU's leaders are not taking constitutional reform seriously. An analysis of the history of the development of federal states suggests that they are unlikely to do so until a crisis precipitates action. The current constitutional arrangements and those proposed by the constitutional convention are a recipe for continued integration. Paradoxically, a brief, well-drafted federal constitution might stop the process of integration. [source] THE INDONESIAN CRISIS OF 1997/99 AND THE WAY OUT: WHAT ARE THE LESSONS OF HISTORY?,ECONOMIC PAPERS: A JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMICS AND POLICY, Issue 2 2000ANNE BOOTH First page of article [source] COMMUNITY, OBLIGATION, AND FOOD: LESSONS FROM THE MORAL GEOGRAPHY OF INUITGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES B: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, Issue 3 2010Nicole Gombay ABSTRACT. Using Inuit as an illustration, this article discusses what it means to live in community, and argues that by taking people's moral geographies into account one may understand more fully the make-up of community. The article maintains that their moral geography creates a feeling among Inuit of obligation for the other. It is this obligation that serves as the basis for community. The article theorizes about the implications of internalized mores based on obligation, and discusses how, in contrast to the concept of rights, such mores contribute to the formation and maintenance of community. The article concludes that developing a situated understanding of people's moral geographies may help to expand our comprehension of community construction and maintenance. [source] SUSTAINING LOCAL WATERSHED INITIATIVES: LESSONS FROM LANDCARE AND WATERSHED COUNCILS,JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, Issue 5 2002Allan Curtis ABSTRACT: In the last decade, watershed groups (WG) established through government initiatives have become an important part of the natural resource management landscape in developed economies. In this paper, the authors reflect upon their research and experience with Landcare in Victoria, and to a lesser extent with Watershed Councils in Oregon, to identify the principles that appear fundamental to sustaining effective WG. In the first instance, these groups must be established at a local scale using social as well as biophysical boundaries. It is also critical that WG are embedded within a supportive institutional framework that identifies realistic roles for private landowners, local organizations such as WG, and regional planning bodies. Without broad stakeholder representation, the perceived benefits of participation are quickly forfeited. It is simply unrealistic to expect an effective network of WG to be sustained without substantial investment by government to provide for program management, group coordination, and cost sharing for on-ground work. There must also be the commitment and skills within a program to establish processes that build trust and competency amongst citizens and agencies. These principles should also provide a foundation for the critical evaluation of WG programs. [source] DISABILITY LESSONS IN HIGHER EDUCATION: ACCOMMODATING LEARNING-DISABLED STUDENTS AND STUDENT-ATHLETES UNDER THE REHABILITATION ACT AND THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACTAMERICAN BUSINESS LAW JOURNAL, Issue 1 2003Susan M. Denbo [source] LESSONS FROM CHINESE ECONOMIC HISTORY, A SYMPOSIUM: INTRODUCTION1PACIFIC ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 3 2008Kent G. Deng No abstract is available for this article. [source] LESSONS FROM THREE DECADES OF GREEN REVOLUTION IN THE PHILIPPINESTHE DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, Issue 2 2006Jonna P. ESTUDILLO O13; O33; O53 The purpose of the current paper is to assess the changing contributions of successive generations of modern varieties of rice (MV) to yield increase and stability and the changes in total factor productivity (TFP) in irrigated, rainfed, and upland ecosystems in the Philippines. We found that the yield increase in irrigated ecosystem has been by far the highest, which can be attributed to the diffusion of pest- and disease-resistant MV. The contribution of MV to yield increase in the rainfed ecosystem has been less significant, but much more compared with that of upland ecosystem. The rainfed and upland ecosystems have experienced an upward trend in yield, albeit slowly, because of the diffusion of improved traditional varieties and MV suitable to adverse production environments. The contribution of MV cum irrigation has accounted for approximately 50% of the growth of TFP in Central Luzon. [source] EXCHANGE RATE REGIMES AND MONETARY COOPERATION: LESSONS FROM EAST ASIA AND LATIN AMERICA,THE JAPANESE ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 3 2004TAKATOSHI ITO This paper analyses the mechanisms of, and draws lessons from, currency crises in Asian and Latin American countries in the 1990s and 2000s. In Asian countries fiscal deficits were insignificant in size, and were not part of a crisis trigger, while in Latin America they played a major role in the crisis story. Crisis management by international financial institutions has been evolving over the last 10 years, and private-sector involvement (PSI) has occupied centre-stage in efforts to reform the international financial architecture. Sovereign debts, a focus of PSI discussions, were neither a cause nor a propagation of the Asian crises. [source] DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND HUMANITARIAN AID , THE MEDICAL RESPONSE TO THE INDIAN OCEAN DISASTER: LESSONS LEARNT, RECOMMENDATIONS AND RACS ACTIONSANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 1-2 2006Bruce P. Waxman FRACS No abstract is available for this article. [source] TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH GOES BOTH WAYS: LESSONS FROM CLINICAL STUDIESCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 4 2008John W Funder SUMMARY 1It is currently assumed that translational research goes from benchtop to bedside; that aldosterone elevates blood pressure via its effects on salt and water homeostasis; that mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) share a common immediate ancestor; and that aldosterone plays a deleterious role in essential hypertension and heart failure. 2Meta-analysis of clinical trials in essential hypertension, in which eplerenone was dose-titrated to attain diastolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg, showed no relationship between blood pressure response and electrolyte effects, as judged by change in plasma (K). 3Reexamination of sequence data, and insights from the S810L MR mutant gene causing juvenile hypertension exacerbated by pregnancy, suggest that MR were the first to branch off the primordial ancestor for MR, GR, androgen receptors (AR) and progesterone receptors (PR). 4In clinical trials of MR blockade in heart failure and essential hypertension baseline aldosterone levels are in the low to normal range and sodium status unremarkable. Under such circumstances cortisol appears to be responsible for MR activation, thus exculpating aldosterone in these conditions. 5On the basis of these clinical studies, there is need to revisit the basic biology of aldosterone and MR as translational research very clearly goes both ways. [source] Anti-Colonialist Antinomies in a Biology Lesson: A Sonata-Form Case Study of Cultural Conflict in a Science ClassroomCURRICULUM INQUIRY, Issue 3 2003Paokong John Chang This case study illustrates and analyzes the tension an ESL science teacher encountered when his science curriculum came into conflict with the religious and cosmological beliefs of one of his Hmong immigrant students. A Hmong immigrant himself, the teacher believes the science he is teaching is important for all his students to learn. He also understands how his science curriculum can be one part of an array of cultural forces that are adversely affecting the Hmong community. The case study examines this tension, but does not resolve it. Instead, the study explores the knowledge the teacher draws upon to respond to the tension in a caring and constructive manner. This knowledge includes the teacher's understanding of science and pedagogy. It also includes his understanding of Hmong history, which enables him to hear what his science curriculum means to one of his students. The case study concludes that teachers need some knowledge of the history of students' specific cultural groups in order to teach science well to all students. This case study was one of seven produced by the Fresno Science Education Equity Teacher Research Project. It uses a special format, a "sonata-form case study," to highlight tensions between specific curricular imperatives and meeting broader student needs. The study is based on real experiences, and employs composite characters and fictionalized dialogue to make its conceptual point. A theoretical preface explaining the methods of research and the modes of representation used in the Fresno Project is included. [source] A Spreadsheet-Based, Matrix Formulation Linear Programming LessonDECISION SCIENCES JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE EDUCATION, Issue 1 2009Steven Harrod First page of article [source] Lesson from performing SCORADs in children with atopic dermatitis: Subjective symptoms do not correlate well with disease extent or intensityINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2006K. L. E. Hon MBBS Background, Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a distressing disease associated with pruritus and sleep disturbance. It is not known how well these symptoms correlate with the extent and intensity of eczematous involvement. We evaluated whether: (i) the level of sleep loss correlates with pruritus and (ii) the level of pruritus correlates with the extent or severity of AD in children according to the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. Method, Patients with AD younger than 18 years old were recruited from the pediatric dermatology clinic of a university teaching hospital, and AD severity was evaluated by the SCORAD index. Results, One hundred and eighty-two Chinese children with AD (107 boys and 75 girls) [mean (SD) age of 9.6 (4.2) years] were recruited. Their mean (SD) overall SCORAD was 30.1 (19.2). Sleep loss was strongly correlated with pruritus (r = 0.57, P < 0.001). However, the two subjective symptoms were only weakly correlated with the objective signs (extent and intensity) of AD. The correlations between pruritus and extent and intensity were 0.42 (P < 0.001) and 0.38 (P < 0.001), respectively, and the correlations between sleep loss and extent and intensity were 0.38 (P < 0.001) and 0.34 (P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion, We speculate that the lack of a better correlation was either because pruritus and sleep loss as reported by parents were imprecise, or that mechanisms other than disease extent or severity are responsible for the pathogenesis of these subjective symptoms. [source] Effects of climate and local aridity on the latitudinal and habitat distribution of Arvicanthis niloticus and Arvicanthis ansorgei (Rodentia, Murinae) in MaliJOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY, Issue 1 2004B. Sicard Abstract Introduction, The genus Arvicanthis (Lesson 1842) (Rodentia: Murinae), usually referred to as the unstriped grass rat, is mainly distributed in savanna and grassland habitats of Sub-Saharan Africa. Among the four chromosomal forms of Arvicanthis recently differentiated in Western and Central Africa, the one with a diploid chromosomal number (2n) of 62 and an autosomal fundamental number (NFa) of 62 or 64 is ascribed to Arvicanthis niloticus (Demarest 1822), while the one with 2n = 62 and a NFa between 74 and 76 is referred to A. ansorgei (Thomas 1910). Despite the broad area of sympatry recently uncovered along the inner delta of the Niger river in Mali [details in Volobouev et al. (2002) Cytogenetics and Genome Research, 96, 250,260], the distribution of the two species is largely parapatric and follows the latitudinal patterns of the West-African biogeographical domains, which are related to the latitudinal patterns of annual rainfall in this region. Here, we analyse the suggestion that the two species show specific adaptations to differences in climate aridity. Methods, Karyologically screened animals were sampled in 19 localities in seasonally flooded regions located along the ,Niger' river in Mali and extending from 1100 to 200 mm of mean annual rainfall. The analysis of trapping success (TS) data allowed us to investigate the respective effects of climate (i.e. annual rainfall) and local (i.e. duration of the green herbaceous vegetation) aridity on the latitudinal and habitat distribution of the two species. Conclusions, The broad zone of sympatry was found to correspond to a northward expansion of the recognized distribution area of A. ansorgei. TS values indicated that the two species responded very differently to climatic and local conditions of aridity. Arvicanthis ansorgei decreased in TS as regional conditions became more arid; a similar trend was also observed within regions where habitat occupancy decreased with local aridity. The higher TS observed in the most humid habitat relative to the others persisted throughout the latitudinal rainfall gradient. In contrast, TS of A. niloticus increased with latitudinal aridity. This species was present in more arid habitats than A. ansorgei from 1000 mm down to 400 mm of mean annual rainfall where a shift to the most humid habitat occurred. These opposite trends in TS distribution between species suggest that A. ansorgei is less adapted than A. niloticus to arid environments at both a regional and habitat level; thus, A. ansorgei would be able to invade dry regions only along the extensive floodplains bordering the inner delta of the ,Niger' river. Several biological traits that may be involved in limiting the southward distribution of A. niloticus are discussed. [source] Attachment Therapy Using Deliberate Restraint: An Object Lesson on the Identification of Unvalidated TreatmentsJOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING, Issue 3 2001Jean Mercer PhD [source] Clinicians Treating Hypertension Need to Mind Their "P's" (Precision) and "Q's"(Quantitation): A Lesson From Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Regression and Atrial FibrillationJOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPERTENSION, Issue 5 2007Thomas D. Giles MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Stereology of the myocardium in Leontopithecus (Lesson, 1840) callitrichidae , primatesJOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2003A. Pissinatti Abstract: Rare morphological features of the Leontopithecus cardiovascular system have been reported in the literature. The samples analyzed in this study came from 33 specimens of Leontopithecus from the collection of the Center of Primatology of Rio de Janeiro-FEEMA (CPRJ-FEEMA). Morphometry and stereological data were obtained from all animals. Adult body weights of L. rosalia were the lowest, the greatest being those of L. chrysopygus caissara; body weights of L. chrysomelas and L. c. chrysopygus were similar and in between those of the two former species. Cardiomyocytes (left ventricular myocardium) were bigger in adults than in infants. The myocardium of L. rosalia showed focal fibrosis, fatty vacuoles, and hyalinization. In L. chrysomelas the myocardium showed areas of fibrosis and presence of mononuclear cells. Fibrosis and areas of congestion were observed in L. c. chrysopygus; areas of disorganization and vascular congestion were found in L. c. caissara. In L. rosalia infants, a greater density of vessels per myocardial area and a greater length density of vessels were observed as compared with those of L. chrysomelas. In adults, L. chrysomelas showed greater density of connective tissue in the myocardium than L. c. chrysopygus and L. c. caissara did. In L. rosalia, cardiomyocyte nuclei had a greater area density than those of the other forms of Leontopithecus. These characteristics may explain the faster development of L. rosalia infants as compared with that of L. chrysomelas and L. c. chrysopygus kept under the same handling conditions at the CPRJ-FEEMA. [source] Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies?LITERATURE COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 4 2007Extending Cultural Boundaries, Revising the Canon, the Challenge of Interdisciplinarity This paper forms part of a Literature Compass cluster of articles which examines the current state of Victorian Literary Studies and future directions. This group of four essays was originally commissioned by Francis O'Gorman (University of Leeds), who also provides an introduction to the cluster. The full cluster is made up of the following articles: ,Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies? , Introduction', Francis O'Gorman, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2007.00467.x. ,Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies? , Revising the Canon, Extending Cultural Boundaries, and the Challenge of Interdisciplinarity', Joanne Shattock, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2007.00468.x. ,Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies? ,"Interesting Times" and the Lesson of "A Corner in Lightning"', David Amigoni, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2007.00469.x. ,Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies? , Historicism, Collaboration and Digital Editing', Valerie Sanders, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2007.00470.x. ,Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies? , Historicism and Hospitality', John Bowen, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2007.00471.x. *** This article argues that the future of Victorian literary studies will include the continuous revision and expansion of the canon, and the extension of what we regard as ,literary' texts to include writing on science, philosophy, history, medicine and related areas. Meanwhile the process of reviewing and rehabilitating unfashionable or neglected writers and consigning others to the periphery will go on, although a core of major authors will continue to attract scholarly and critical attention. There will be an increasing focus on the new histories of the book, on authorship and readership. Research on print culture in its widest sense will expand in the wake of the ongoing digitisation of printed materials, a process which ultimately will transform the way we do research. The focus on writers and texts will move from a metropolitan-centred one to embrace the literatures in English of the countries of the Empire and of North America, and more problematically, to include the literature and culture of Europe in the nineteenth century. The latter development poses a challenge to the hitherto monolingual nature of Victorian literary studies. Finally there will be a continued engagement in multi-disciplinary, cross-disciplinary if not truly interdisciplinary work that has been characteristic of Victorian Studies since its emergence in the 1950s. [source] Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies?LITERATURE COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 4 2007Collaboration, Digital Editing, Historicism This paper forms part of a Literature Compass cluster of articles which examines the current state of Victorian Literary Studies and future directions. This group of four essays was originally commissioned by Francis O'Gorman (University of Leeds), who also provides an introduction to the cluster. The full cluster is made up of the following articles: ,Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies? , Introduction', Francis O'Gorman, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2007.00467.x. ,Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies? , Revising the Canon, Extending Cultural Boundaries, and the Challenge of Interdisciplinarity', Joanne Shattock, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2007.00468.x. ,Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies? ,"Interesting Times" and the Lesson of "A Corner in Lightning"', David Amigoni, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2007.00469.x. ,Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies? , Historicism, Collaboration and Digital Editing', Valerie Sanders, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2007.00470.x. ,Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies? , Historicism and Hospitality', John Bowen, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2007.00471.x. *** This essay argues that, while research in Victorian Literary Studies remains rich and vibrant, it faces several types of pressure in the immediate future. These range from undergraduate resistance to reading long novels, to the funding councils' apparent preference for collaborative, interdisciplinary or large editorial projects, and proposed changes such as the Block Grants Partnership Scheme. The decline of ,feminist' in favour of ,gendered' critical approaches, and preference for generic and cultural issues over single author studies, mark a notable change of approach in the last few years. Although continuing loyalty towards historicism, and rejection of the more abstract literary theories of the 1990s, suggest that Victorian literary studies remains confident of its own direction in the next five years, the essay closes with a hope that the purely ,literary' analysis will not disappear for ever. [source] Learning the Lesson of Love: The Poetry of Elizabeth Jennings (1926-2001)NEW BLACKFRIARS, Issue 979 2002Timothy Gardner OP First page of article [source] Another Lesson about Public Opinion during the Clinton-Lewinsky ScandalPRESIDENTIAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2002Stephen Earl Bennett Data from Pew Research Center polls from early February 1998 through late February 1999 show that only about a third of the American public followed media accounts of the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal "very closely," which is a facet of public reaction that has been largely neglected. Levels of heed paid to media stories about the scandal affected knowledge about key personalities and facets of the imbroglio. In addition, data show that the amount of attention paid to the news about the scandal resonated with opinions about diverse aspects of the scandal. Students of public opinion need to take the public's relative inattention to the scandal into account. 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