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Lesion Area (lesion + area)

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Medical Sciences	66%
Life Sciences	33%

Selected Abstracts

Inhibition of five lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) by MK-886 decreases atherosclerosis in apoE/LDLR-double knockout mice

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 3 2006
J. Jawien
Abstract Background, Recent reports point to an important role of leukotrienes in atherogenesis. Leukotrienes are produced by 5-lipoxygenase co-operating with five lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP). We hypothesized that MK-886, an inhibitor of FLAP, could attenuate the development of atherosclerosis in the atherogenic apolipoprotein E/low density lipoprotein receptor (apoE/LDLR) double knockout (DKO) mouse model. Materials and methods, Female apoE/LDLR-DKO mice at the age of 8 weeks were put on Western diet. The experimental group (n = 10) received the same diet as the control group (n = 10), but mixed with MK-886 (Merck, Rahway, NJ) at a dose of 4 µg per 100 mg of body-weight per day. At age 6 months the mice were sacrificed under anaesthesia. Results, Measured by the en face method, the percentage of area occupied by lesions in aortas in the control group was 25·15 ± 2·9%, whereas in the MK-886-treated group it was 11·16 ± 0·7% (P < 0·05). Lesion area measured by cross-section of aortic roots was 455 494 ± 29 564 µm2 in the control group versus 263 042 ± 20 736 µm2 in the MK-886-treated group (P < 0·05). The MK-886 did not change the plasma cholesterol lipoprotein profile as compared with the control mice. Finally, we show that MK-886 may increase plaque stability by decreasing the macrophage content as well as increasing the collagen and smooth-muscle cell content. Conclusions, Our results show for the first time that inhibition of FLAP by MK-886 reduces development of atherosclerosis in gene-targeted apoE/LDLR-DKO mice. [source]

Ability of different restorative materials to prevent in situ secondary caries: analysis by polarized light-microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 4 2008
Thaís Cachuté Paradella
Secondary caries is the main cause of direct restoration replacement. The purpose of this study was to analyze enamel adjacent to different restorative materials after in situ cariogenic challenge using polarized-light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS). Twelve volunteers, with a low level of dental plaque, a low level of mutans streptococci, and normal salivary flow, wore removable palatal acrylic appliances containing enamel specimens restored with Z250 composite, Freedom composite, Fuji IX glass-ionomer cement, or Vitremer resin-modified glass-ionomer for 14 days. Volunteers dripped one drop of 20% sucrose solution (n = 10) or distilled water (control group) onto each specimen 8 times per day. Specimens were removed from the appliances and submitted to PLM for examination of the lesion area (in mm2), followed by dehydration, gold-sputtering, and submission to SEM and EDS. The calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) contents were evaluated in weight per cent (%wt). Differences were found between Z250 and Vitremer, and between Z250 and FujiIX, when analyzed using PLM. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis results showed differences between the studied materials regarding Ca %wt. In conclusion, enamel adjacent to glass-ionomer cement presented a higher Ca %wt, but this material did not completely prevent enamel secondary caries under in situ cariogenic challenge. [source]

Approximal caries development in surfaces in contact with fluoride-releasing and non-fluoride-releasing restorative materials: an in situ study

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 6 2007
Áine M. Lennon
This study investigated the effect of compomer on initial interproximal caries development. One-hundred and sixty cylindrical, and 40 semispherical, bovine enamel samples (control) were prepared, polished, and sterilized. Sixty semicircular samples were prepared from each of the compomer Dyract eXtra and the fluoride-free composite Spectrum TPH. Samples were stored in water and fluoridated twice daily for 28 d. A baseline quantitative light fluorescence (QLF) image was made of each cylindrical sample. Twenty volunteers received intra-oral appliances with eight sample chambers. Each wing contained 1 control sample and either 3 Dyract eXtra or 3 Spectrum TPH samples in contact with the enamel surface of a cylindrical enamel sample. Appliances were worn for 24 h a day for 28 d except during toothbrushing (twice daily) and placement in 10% sucrose solution (five times daily). A final QLF image was made after 28 d. Caries development was analyzed as the lesion area × mean fluorescence loss (,Q % mm2) between these and the baseline images using QLF subtract software. The median ,Q was significantly lower in the Dyract eXtra group (,6.1% mm2) than in the Spectrum TPH (,13.9% mm2, P , 0.001) or control (,11.4% mm2, P = 0.03) groups. Teeth in contact with the compomer developed less caries compared with controls. [source]

Lesion development in stems of rough- and smooth-barked Eucalyptus nitens following artificial inoculations with canker fungi

FOREST PATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2001
Z. Q. Yuan
A study of lesion development in stems of Eucalyptus nitens following artificial inoculations with canker fungi was carried out on 16-year-old plantation trees. In a first trial cambium bark wounds on smooth- and rough-barked trees were inoculated with the mycelium of nine species of canker fungi, including Endothia gyrosa. In a second trial spores or mycelium of E. gyrosa were applied directly onto undamaged or superficially wounded bark surfaces. Infection subsequent to artificial inoculation via wounding (whatever the wounding technique or type of inoculum) resulted in significantly larger external lesions (mean lesion area up to 35.6 cm2 20 months after inoculation) on smooth bark compared with those on rough bark (up to 19.0 cm2). Microscopic studies of infected rough and smooth bark suggest that, once smooth bark is compromised by wounding and artificial inoculation, the particular anatomical structure of smooth bark may offer less mechanical resistance to post-penetration hyphal spread in comparison with rough bark. It is suggested that at a pre-penetration stage under natural conditions spores of E. gyrosa more easily infect rough bark via cracks associated with this type of bark but not present in smooth bark. Développement des lésions sur les troncs d'Eucalyptus nitens àécorce lisse ou rugueuse, après inoculation par des champignons agents de chancre L'étude a été conduite en plantation sur des arbres de 16 ans. Dans un premier essai, des blessures de l'écorce jusqu'au cambium sur des arbres àécorce lisse ou rugueuse, ont été inoculées avec le mycélium de 9 espèces de champignons agents de chancre, dont Endothia gyrosa. Dans un deuxième essai, des spores ou du mycélium de E. gyrosa ont été appliqués directement sur l'écorce intacte ou blessée seulement superficiellement. Quel que soit la technique d'inoculation ou le type d'inoculum, l'infection a été plus importante extérieurement (surface moyenne jusqu'à 35,6 cm2 après 20 mois) chez les écorces lisses que chez les rugueuses (jusqu'à 19,0 cm2). L'étude microscopique des écorces infectées suggérait qu'à condition que l'écorce lisse soit impliquée dans la blessure, sa structure anatomique particulière offre moins de résistance mécanique à la post-pénétration mycélienne que l'écorce rugueuse. Il est suggéré qu'au stade de la pré-pénétration en conditions naturelles, les spores de E. gyrosa infectent plus facilement l'écorce rugueuse à la faveur des fissures qui sont présentes chez ce type d'écorce mais absentes chez les écorces lisses. Entwicklung von Läsionen am Stamm von rauh- und glattrindigen Individuen von Eucalyptus nitens nach künstlicher Inokulation mit krebserregenden Pilzen Es wurde die Entwicklung von Läsionen an Stämmen 16jähriger Eucalyptus nitens -Pflanzungen nach künstlicher Inokulation mit Krebserregern untersucht. In einem ersten Versuch wurden an rauh- und glattrindigen Bäumen Rindenwunden, die bis zum Kambium reichten, mit Myzel von neun Arten krebserregender Pilze, einschliesslich Endothia gyrosa, beimpft. In einem zweiten Versuch wurden Sporen oder Myzel von E. gyrosa direkt auf unverletzte oder nur oberflächlich verletzte Rinde aufgebracht. Künstliche Inokulation von Wunden (unabhängig von der Methode der künstlichen Verwundung oder der Art des Inokulums) führte zu signifikant grösseren, äusseren Wunden auf glatter (durchschnittliche Läsionsfläche 35.6 cm2 20 Monate nach Inokulation) als auf rauher Rinde (bis 19.0 cm2). Mikroskopische Untersuchungen zeigten, dass glatte Rinde gegen die Ausbreitung von Pilzhyphen mechanisch weniger resistent ist als rauhe Rinde. Unter natürlichen Bedingungen dürften dagegen Sporen von E. gyrosa Bäume mit rauher Rinde leichter durch vorhandene Rindenrisse infizieren, die bei glatter Rinde fehlen. [source]

Protective role of osteopontin in endodontic infection

IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 1 2010
Susan R. Rittling
Summary Endodontic infections are polymicrobial infections resulting in bone destruction and tooth loss. The host response to these infections is complex, including both innate and adaptive mechanisms. Osteopontin (OPN), a secreted, integrin-binding protein, functions in the regulation of immune responses and enhancement of leucocyte migration. We have assessed the role of OPN in the host response to endodontic infection using a well-characterized mouse model. Periapical bone loss associated with endodontic infection was significantly more severe in OPN-deficient mice compared with wild-type 3 weeks after infection, and was associated with increased areas of inflammation. Expression of cytokines associated with bone loss, interleukin-1, (IL-1,) and RANKL, was increased 3 days after infection. There was little effect of OPN deficiency on the adaptive immune response to these infections, as there was no effect of genotype on the ratio of bacteria-specific immunoglobulin G1 and G2a in the serum of infected mice. Furthermore, there was no difference in the expression of cytokines associated with T helper type 1/type2 balance: IL-12, IL-10 and interferon-,. In infected tissues, neutrophil infiltration into the lesion area was slightly increased in OPN-deficient animals 3 days after infection: this was confirmed by a significant increase in expression of neutrophil elastase in OPN-deficient samples at this time-point. We conclude that OPN has a protective effect on polymicrobial infection, at least partially because of alterations in phagocyte recruitment and/or persistence at the sites of infection, and that this molecule has a potential therapeutic role in polymicrobial infections. [source]

Time evolution of cerebral perfusion and apparent diffusion coefficient measured by magnetic resonance imaging in a porcine stroke model

JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 2 2002
Lisbeth Røhl MD
Abstract Purpose To demonstrate the feasibility of sequential diffusion-weighted (DW) and perfusion-weighted (PW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a recently developed porcine stroke model and to evaluate the evolution of cerebral perfusion and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) over time. Materials and Methods In five pigs, DW imaging (DWI) and PW imaging (PWI) was carried out for 7 hours after stroke onset, starting 1 hour after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Results The DWI lesion volume increased significantly with time, and final DWI lesion volume correlated well with lesion area on histological sections (r = 0.910). T2 changes could be recognized 3 hours after stroke onset. At 1 hour the ADC ratio (ischemic lesion/contralateral side) was reduced to 0.81 in the caudate-putamen and to 0.87 in the cortex, and the cerebral blood flow ratio was reduced to 0.40 in the caudate-putamen and 0.51 in the cortex. Conclusion The level of flow reduction in the caudate-putamen and the cortex after 1 hour is in good correlation with human thresholds of irreversible and reversible ischemic damage, and accordingly, this model might be a model for mechanisms of infarct evolution and therapeutic intervention. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2002;15:123,129. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Measurement of lesion area and volume by three-dimensional spoiled gradient-echo MR imaging in osteonecrosis of the femoral head

JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 5 2003
Yuki Kishida
Abstract The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the diagnostic ability of three-dimensional spoiled gradient-echo (3D SPGR) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in cases of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), and to determine the accuracy of 3D SPGR imaging in area and volume measurement of ONFH. T1-weighted spin-echo (SE) and 3D SPGR imaging were performed on 20 femoral heads obtained from patients with ONFH. After MR imaging, the femoral heads were cut parallel to the imaging plane and were evaluated histologically. Areas and volumes of necrotic lesions were measured with a computer program and the deviation between MR images and anatomical measurements was evaluated. A low signal intensity band on 3D SPGR MR images was observed in all femoral heads and corresponded histologically to repaired marrow with viable fibrous mesenchymal tissue. The area proximate to the low band area coincided with the necrotic region. Both area and volume measurements by T1-weighted SE and 3D SPGR images showed a strong correlation to histological measurements. The discrepancies between histological and imaging results were minimal in 3D SPGR imaging, especially at the anterior and posterior portions of the femoral head. Three-dimensional SPGR imaging provides more accurate measurements of the area and volume of a necrotic lesion than T1-weighted SE imaging. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. [source]

Induced Resistance in Yali Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) Fruit against Infection by Penicillium expansum by Postharvest Infiltration of Acibenzolar-S-methyl

JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 11-12 2005
J. Cao
Abstract The objective of the present study was to evaluate how disease resistance in Yali pear fruit (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) was affected by the infiltration of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) after harvest. The disease incidence and lesion area in/on the fruit inoculated with Penicillium expansum significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by the infiltration with 0.5 mm ASM, and the duration of protection conferred by ASM lasted over 15 days. ASM did not directly inhibit the mycelial growth of P. expansum in vitro. However, ASM treatment significantly enhanced activities of the main defence enzymes including peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chitinase, and activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase and catalase in the fruit during the infection. Two kinds of second metabolites, total phenolic compounds and flavonoids, and two productions of lipid peroxidation, H2O2 and malondialdehyde, were also involved in the resistance and significantly accumulated in ASM-treated fruit in the infection. The inhibitory effect of ASM on the disease may be related to its ability to enhance defence responses in the fruit. The application of ASM in inducing resistance in fruit possesses promising in control of postharvest diseases alternative to fungicides. [source]

Roles of nocturnal melatonin and the pineal gland in modulation of water-immersion restraint stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats

JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2001
Migusa Otsuka
The roles of melatonin and the pineal gland in the circadian variation of water-immersion restraint stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats were investigated. Fasted rats were subjected to water-immersion restraint stress during both the diurnal and nocturnal phases of a light:dark cycle. Pinealectomized and sham-operated rats were also subjected to water-immersion restraint stress at night. The lesion area after 4 hr of stress during the dark phase was significantly lower than in light-phase controls. Pinealectomy increased the lesion area in the dark phase, compared to the sham operation, but this effect was counteracted by intracisternal melatonin preadministration at a dose of 100 ng/rat. Melatonin concentrations in control rats during the light phase were significantly increased 4 hr after water-immersion restraint stress. In contrast, melatonin concentrations 4 hr after water-immersion restraint stress in the dark phase were significantly depressed compared with the control levels at the corresponding time. Melatonin levels after stress exposure were markedly decreased in pinealectomized rats as compared with sham-operated rats. These results suggest that circadian rhythm has an important role in the formation of stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats and that melatonin responses to water-immersion restraint stress differ between day and night. The pineal gland modulates the stress response and melatonin contributes to gastric protection via a mechanism involving the central nervous system. [source]

Treatment of classic Kaposi sarcoma with a nicotine dermal patch: a phase II clinical trial

JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 9 2008
JJ Goedert
Abstract Background, Kaposi sarcoma (KS), a malignancy of dermal endothelial cells that is caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) infection, is sensitive to perturbations of immunity. Nicotine might be effective against KS because of its immunologic and vascular effects and because smoking is associated with a low risk of KS. Objective and study design, We conducted a masked, randomized phase 2 clinical trial of transdermal nicotine and placebo patches to assess the safety and efficacy of nicotine against classic KS (cKS). Subjects and methods, Three cKS lesions, predominantly nodules, in each of 24 non-smoking patients were randomly assigned to 15 weeks continuous treatment with nicotine patch (escalated to 7 mg), identical masked placebo patch or no patch. Changes in lesion area and elevation from baseline through six follow-up visits, by direct measurement and by two independent readers using digital photographs of the lesions, were compared using non-parametric and regression methods. Changes in longitudinal levels of HHV8 antibodies and DNA in blood cells were similarly assessed. Results, There were no systemic or serious adverse events, and compliance was good. One patient resumed smoking and discontinued patches, and two patients withdrew at week 12 for unrelated indications. Six (29%) of the remaining 21 suspended use of patches to relieve local skin irritation; four of these six completed the trial at reduced dose. Treatment assignment was not associated with significant or consistent changes in cKS lesion area or elevation, HHV8 viral load or antibodies. Conclusion, Transdermal nicotine and placebo patches caused no serious toxicities but had no demonstrable effect on nodular cKS lesions or HHV8 levels. [source]

The Effect of Ablation Electrode Length and Catheter Tip to Endocardial Orientation on Radiofrequency Lesion Size in the Canine Right Atrium

PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 1 2002
RODRIGO C. CHAN
CHAN, R.C., et al.: The Effect of Ablation Electrode Length and Catheter Tip to Endocardial Orientation on Radiofrequency Lesion Size in the Canine Right Atrium. Although the determinants of radiofrequency lesion size have been characterized in vitro and in ventricular tissue in situ, the effects of catheter tip length and endocardial surface orientation on lesion generation in atrial tissue have not been studied. Therefore, the dimensions of radiofrequency lesions produced with 4-, 6-, 8-, 10-, and 12-mm distal electrode lengths were characterized in 26 closed-chested dogs. The impact of parallel versus perpendicular catheter tip/endocardial surface orientation, established by biplane fluoroscopy and/or intracardiac echocardiography, on lesion dimensions was also assessed. Radiofrequency voltage was titrated to maintain a steady catheter tip temperature of 75°C for 60 seconds. With a perpendicular catheter tip/tissue orientation, the lesion area increased from 29 ± 7 mm2 with a 4-mm tip to 42 ± 12 mm2 with the 10-mm tip, but decreased to 29 ± 8 mm2 with ablation via a 12-mm tip. With a parallel distal tip/endocardial surface orientation, lesion areas were significantly greater: 54 ± 22 mm2 with a 4-mm tip, 96 ± 28 mm2 with a 10- mm tip and 68 ± 24 mm2 with a 12-mm tip (all P < 0.001 vs perpendicular orientation). Lesion lengths and apparent volumes were larger with parallel, compared to perpendicular tip/tissue orientations, although lesion depth was independent of catheter tip length with both catheter tip/tissue orientations. Electrode edge effects were not observed with any tip length. Direct visualization using intracardiac ultrasound guidance was subjectively helpful in insuring an appropriate catheter tip/tissue interface needed to maximize lesion size. Although atrial lesion size is critically dependent on catheter tip length, it is more influenced by the catheter orientation to the endocardial surface. This information may also be helpful in designing electrode arrays for the creation of continuous linear lesions for the elimination of complex atrial tachyarrhythmias. [source]

Antiulcerogenic activity of the essential oil of Baccharis dracunculifolia on different experimental models in rats

PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 10 2009
Juliane Jose Massignani
Abstract Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae), a native plant from Brazil, commonly known as ,Alecrimdo-campo' is widely used in folk medicine to treat inflammation, hepatic disorders and stomach ulcers, and it is the most important botanical source of Southeastern Brazilian propolis, known as green propolis. Its essential oil is composed of non-oxygenated and oxygenated terpenes. In this work, the effects of the essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of B. dracunculifolia on gastric ulcers were evaluated. The antiulcer assays were undertaken using the following protocols in rats: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced ulcer, ethanol-induced ulcer, stress-induced ulcer, and determination of gastric secretion using ligated pylorus. The treatment in the doses of 50, 250 and 500 mg/kg of B. dracunculifolia essential oil significantly diminished the lesion index, the total lesion area and the percentage of lesions in comparison with both positive and negative control groups. With regard to the model of gastric secretion a reduction of gastric juice volume and total acidity was observed, as well as an increase in the gastric pH. No sign of toxicity was observed in the acute toxicity study. Considering the results, it is suggested that the essential oil of B. dracunculifolia could probably be a good therapeutic agent for the development of new phytotherapeutic medicine for the treatment of gastric ulcer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Identification of discriminant factors after treatment of resistant and susceptible banana leaves with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense culture filtrates

PLANT BREEDING, Issue 1 2005
B. Companioni
Abstract Among the most important crops in developing countries are banana and plantain. However, the production is threatened by increasingly virulent forms of Fusarium wilt, and therefore, intensive breeding programmes are being carried out worldwide. As conventional field studies of banana resistance to this disease are time-consuming and destructive, an easy-to-do procedure was previously developed to differentiate field-grown resistant and susceptible banana cultivars at leaf level. Such a procedure involved the in vitro treatment of fungal culture filtrates on to field-grown adult leaves and the measurement of lesion areas 48 h later. The present report includes measurements of other indicators such as biochemical compounds. The cultivar ,Gross Michel' (susceptible) and cv. ,FHIA-01' (resistant) leaves were treated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 culture filtrates. Evaluations were performed 48 h after leaf treatment. Compared with culture medium-treated leaves (control treatment), fungal metabolites produced leaf lesions, decreased freephenolic contents and increased protein levels in both cultivars. In ,FHIA-01', the culture filtrate increased contents of cell wall-linked phenolics and the pool of aldehydes (except malondialdehyde). Fungal metabolites did not cause variations in peroxidase activity, chlorophyll pigment contents or malondialdehyde level in any cultivar. The use of Fisher's linear discriminant analysis to differentiate resistant and susceptible banana cultivars in breeding programmes is also a novel aspect of this report. Such an estimation was performed from a data matrix that included the effects of the fungal metabolites (leaf lesion area and levels of free and cell wall-linked phenolics, aldehydes, except malondialdehyde, and proteins) on banana leaves of seven cultivars (four susceptible and three resistant). [source]

Resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker) in Brassica napus (oilseed rape) induced by L. biglobosa and chemical defence activators in field and controlled environments

PLANT PATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2006
S. Y. Liu
Effects of pretreatment of Brassica napus leaves with ascospores of Leptosphaeria biglobosa or chemical defence activators [acibenzolar- S -methyl (ASM) or menadione sodium bisulphite (MSB)] on infection by ascospores of Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker) and development of disease were studied in controlled-environment (phoma leaf spot) and field (phoma leaf spot and stem canker) experiments. In controlled-environment experiments, pretreatment of oilseed rape leaves (cv. Madrigal) with L. biglobosa, ASM or MSB delayed the appearance of L. maculans phoma leaf spot lesions. These pretreatments also decreased the phoma leaf spot lesion area in both pretreated leaves (local effect) and untreated leaves (systemic effect). In winter oilseed rape field experiments in the 2002/03 and 2003/04 growing seasons, pretreatment with L. biglobosa or ASM in October/November decreased not only the number of phoma leaf spot lesions per leaf caused by L. maculans in autumn/winter, but also the severity of phoma stem canker in the subsequent spring/summer. Effects were greater in 2002/03 (when natural L. maculans ascospore release began in September 2002) than in 2003/04 (when ascospore release began in December following a period of dry weather in August/September 2003). These results suggest that pretreatment with biological or chemical defence activators can induce local and systemic resistance to L. maculans, with both short-term effects on the development of phoma leaf spotting and long-term effects on the development of stem canker 8 months later. [source]

Short-term clinical evaluation of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection for ulcerative oral lichen planus

JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 6 2006
Juan Xia
Background:, Efforts are made in a continued searching for novel therapies for symptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection for ulcerative OLP. Methods:, Forty-five patients with clinical and histologically confirmed ulcerative OLP on bilateral buccal mucosa, one for treatment and the other for control, were studied. All participants received 0.5 ml TA (40 mg/ml) on experimental sites. Visual analogue scale score and lesion areas were recorded at the time of injection and 1-week interval. After 2 weeks, if the treated ulceration reduced <81% in size, a second injection was given. Results:, The treated group gave rapid relief of signs and symptoms, while the control group showed minimal decrease. 38 (84.4%) patients demonstrated complete response in ulceration size. No complications were noted with TA injections. Conclusions:, Intralesional TA injection in ulcerative OLP is effective and safe in achieving lesion and pain regression. [source]

Regeneration of large bone defects in sheep using bone marrow stromal cells

JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE, Issue 5 2008
P. Giannoni
Abstract Bone repair was addressed in a critical-sized defect model in sheep, combining a ceramic biomaterial and mesenchymal progenitor cells. The defects in the tibial mid-diaphysis were treated with autologous bone or with a silicon-stabilized tricalcium phosphate biomaterial, implemented or not by the addition of expanded bone marrow stromal cells. An internal locking compression plate and an external fixator were applied for stabilization. Radiographies were taken during the 8 months follow-up: the pixel grey levels of the lesion areas were determined to evaluate the repair process radiologically. Microradiography, histology and vascular density tests were performed. The autologous bone-treated group performed best, as assessed radiologically, within 20,24 weeks after surgery. Very limited healing was detected in the other experimental group: a partial bone deposition occurred at the periphery of the bony stumps only in the cell-seeded scaffolds. Interestingly, this effect ended within 20,24 weeks, as for the autologous bone, suggesting similar kinetics of the repair processes involved. Moreover, bone deposition was located where a significant reduction of the ceramic scaffold was detected. Faxitron microradiography and histology data confirmed these results. Vascular density analysis evidenced that cell-seeded scaffolds supported an increased vascular ingrowth. Thus, the interactions with the proper microenvironment and the oxygen and nutrient supply in the inner part of the constructs seem fundamental to initiate scaffold substitution and to improve cell performance in tissue-engineered approaches to bone repair. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

The Effect of Ablation Electrode Length and Catheter Tip to Endocardial Orientation on Radiofrequency Lesion Size in the Canine Right Atrium

Identification of discriminant factors after treatment of resistant and susceptible banana leaves with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense culture filtrates

The histopathology of grey matter demyelination in multiple sclerosis

ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2009
L. Bø
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by focal demyelinating lesions in white matter (WM) and grey matter (GM) of the central nervous system. Results of studies using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging techniques indicate that GM MS pathology has a significant impact on clinical symptoms and disability in MS, and may occur partly independently of WM pathology. Subpial cerebral and cerebellar cortexes are predilection sites for demyelination in MS. Significant neuronal and axonal pathology has been detected in GM MS lesions. The pathology of MS lesions is location-dependent; there is less pronounced inflammation in GM lesion areas than in WM lesions. The presence and extent of GM lesions has recently been correlated to meningeal inflammation, and cells infected with the Epstein,Barr virus have been detected in meningeal infiltrates, suggesting a role of meningeal inflammation in cortical lesion pathogenesis. [source]

A boy born with multiple lesions of atrophoderma

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 3 2010
Piero Pavone
Abstract Aims:, The Atrophodermas include a large group of disorders appearing as localized or widespread depressed skin areas and characterized by underlying dermal atrophy. The present study aims to report a peculiar form of previously unreported focal dermal atrophy. Methods:, We studied over a period of 5 years a boy who manifested, since birth, multiple hypopigmented cutaneous atrophic lesions of the atrophoderma type in a mosaic distribution over the body and the legs. Results:, This boy did no develop other cutaneous or systemic stigmata except for an idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) manifested at age 2 years. Full serum, metabolic and infective analyses; full ophthalmological examination; ultrasound examination of the heart and internal organs; skeletal x-rays; brain magnetic resonance imaging; and DNA analysis of the PORCN (Focal Dermal Hypoplasia - FDH) gene in this boy yielded normal results. Pathological analysis of multiple skin specimens from an affected area revealed slightly reduced dermal thickness; hyperpigmentation of the basal layer; homogenized and disarrayed collagen bundles; perivascular chronic infiltrates of lymphocytes and histiocytes; and normal skin appendages. Currently, the child is healthy; he has mildly improved skin status with less-evident skin depression throughout the lesion areas and no further complication has been recorded. The histological and clinical appearance of the skin lesions and the course were against any known disorder in the group of the atrophodermas. Conclusions:, The cutaneous lesions seen in this boy represent a possibly new congenital skin disorder characterized by multiple, benign areas of focal dermal atrophy in a mosaic distribution. [source]