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Leisure Time Activities (leisure + time_activity)
Selected AbstractsAssociations between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and glycemic control in a large cohort of adolescents with type 1 diabetes: the Hvidoere Study Group on Childhood DiabetesPEDIATRIC DIABETES, Issue 4 2009J Åman Background:, The Hvidoere Study Group on Childhood Diabetes has demonstrated persistent differences in metabolic outcomes between pediatric diabetes centers. These differences cannot be accounted for by differences in demographic, medical, or treatment variables. Therefore, we sought to explore whether differences in physical activity or sedentary behavior could explain the variation in metabolic outcomes between centers. Methods:, An observational cross-sectional international study in 21 centers, with demographic and clinical data obtained by questionnaire from participants. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were assayed in one central laboratory. All individuals with diabetes aged 11,18 yr (49.4% female), with duration of diabetes of at least 1 yr, were invited to participate. Individuals completed a self-reported measure of quality of life (Diabetes Quality of Life - Short Form [DQOL-SF]), with well-being and leisure time activity assessed using measures developed by Health Behaviour in School Children WHO Project. Results:, Older participants (p < 0.001) and females (p < 0.001) reported less physical activity. Physical activity was associated with positive health perception (p < 0.001) but not with glycemic control, body mass index, frequency of hypoglycemia, or diabetic ketoacidosis. The more time spent on the computer (r = 0.06; p < 0.05) and less time spent doing school homework (r = ,0.09; p < 0.001) were associated with higher HbA1c. Between centers, there were significant differences in reported physical activity (p < 0.001) and sedentary behavior (p < 0.001), but these differences did not account for center differences in metabolic control. Conclusions:, Physical activity is strongly associated with psychological well-being but has weak associations with metabolic control. Leisure time activity is associated with individual differences in HbA1c but not with intercenter differences. [source] Semen quality and sedentary work positionINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY, Issue 1 2004Julie Støy Summary Increased scrotal temperature can, in experimental settings, markedly disturb the production of semen. Sedentary work position may increase the temperature of the scrotum, but previous studies have failed to determine whether changes in scrotal temperature caused by sedentary work actually do affect semen quality. This study was carried out to elucidate the possible harmful effects of sedentary work on sperm count and other semen characteristics. In 1981,1983 a semen sample was obtained from 3119 men who attended an infertility workup in one of four Danish fertility centres. A total of 2517 men returned a postal questionnaire with information on life style, leisure time activities, occupational history and job duties. Information on job specific work position was obtained from The Danish Work Environment Cohort study 1990 (DWECS). In this analysis DWECS data for a total of 1747 men was included from men aged 18,39 years with >30 h of work per week. For all job titles represented in the DWECS, the mean proportion of sedentary work was estimated. The sperm cell concentration was 30.6 million/mL among men in the quintile with lowest job specific sedentary work compared with 40.5 million/mL in the highest quintile. The difference was, however, not statistically significant. Stratification on infertility period, educational level of the man, fertility centre, and fertility-related disease of the spouse did not influence the results. The analyses do not suggest that sedentary work is a risk factor for abnormal semen characteristics. [source] Physical activity and risk of prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohortINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 4 2009Nina Føns Johnsen Abstract The evidence concerning the possible association between physical activity and the risk of prostate cancer is inconsistent and additional data are needed. We examined the association between risk of prostate cancer and physical activity at work and in leisure time in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. In our study, including 127,923 men aged 20,97 years from 8 European countries, 2,458 cases of prostate cancer were identified during 8.5 years of followup. Using the Cox proportional hazards model, we investigated the associations between prostate cancer incidence rate and occupational activity and leisure time activity in terms of participation in sports, cycling, walking and gardening; a metabolic equivalent (MET) score based on weekly time spent on the 4 activities; and a physical activity index. MET hours per week of leisure time activity, higher score in the physical activity index, participation in any of the 4 leisure time activities, and the number of leisure time activities in which the participants were active were not associated with prostate cancer incidence. However, higher level of occupational physical activity was associated with lower risk of advanced stage prostate cancer (ptrend = 0.024). In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis of an inverse association between advanced prostate cancer risk and occupational physical activity, but we found no support for an association between prostate cancer risk and leisure time physical activity. © 2009 UICC [source] Revising the Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test (CUDIT) by means of Item Response TheoryINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, Issue 3 2010Beatrice Annaheim Abstract Cannabis use among adolescents and young adults has become a major public health challenge. Several European countries are currently developing short screening instruments to identify ,problematic' forms of cannabis use in general population surveys. One such instrument is the Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test (CUDIT), a 10-item questionnaire based on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Previous research found that some CUDIT items did not perform well psychometrically. In the interests of improving the psychometric properties of the CUDIT, this study replaces the poorly performing items with new items that specifically address cannabis use. Analyses are based on a sub-sample of 558 recent cannabis users from a representative population sample of 5722 individuals (aged 13,32) who were surveyed in the 2007 Swiss Cannabis Monitoring Study. Four new items were added to the original CUDIT. Psychometric properties of all 14 items, as well as the dimensionality of the supplemented CUDIT were then examined using Item Response Theory. Results indicate the unidimensionality of CUDIT and an improvement in its psychometric performance when three original items (usual hours being stoned; injuries; guilt) are replaced by new ones (motives for using cannabis; missing out leisure time activities; difficulties at work/school). However, improvements were limited to cannabis users with a high problem score. For epidemiological purposes, any further revision of CUDIT should therefore include a greater number of ,easier' items. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Changes in body composition after a 12-wk aerobic exercise program in obese boysPEDIATRIC DIABETES, Issue 2 2000Richard A DeStefano Previous studies have shown that vigorous aerobic training programs for obese children result in minimal weight changes, and concluded that they may not be beneficial. Weight change alone may not detect important beneficial changes in body composition associated with vigorous training in these children. Fifteen obese boys (aged 9,12 yr, body mass index (BMI) 31.8±6.5, average percent body fat (%BF) 41±4.2) underwent a supervised aerobic and resistance training program (12 wk, 2 days/wk for 30 min/session), to investigate the effects on weight and body composition. After the 3-month training period, weight loss averaged only 1.5±1.0 kg (not significant), but total body fat decreased by 4.1±1.8 kg (p<0.05) and fat-free mass (FFM) increased by 2.6±1.1 kg (p<0.05) based on hydrostatic weighing. As a result, %BF fell by 10% (p<0.01). There was a 5.8±2.8 mL/kg/min (p<0.05) increase in peak volume of oxygen uptake (VO2), along with a 248±120 kcal/d (p<0.05) increase in resting energy expenditure (REE). Activity questionnaires showed a significant increase in high intensity recreational activities (6.5±1.5 vs 3.5±0.5 h physical activity/wk; p<0.01) in the home and a significant decrease in low intensity activities (7±2.0 vs 12±3.5 h TV viewing/wk; p<0.01). Conclusions: Vigorous supervised aerobic training in obese boys has beneficial effects on body composition, fitness and leisure time activities that are not apparent by measurement of changes in body weight alone. [source] Health behaviours, risk-taking and conceptual changes among schoolchildren aged 7 to 19 years in semi-rural SwedenCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2008A. Olsson Abstract Background This study covers a broad age group (7,19 years) and includes a wide range of themes. The aim is to describe how various behaviours, complaints and conceptual changes come into play and to discuss the factors that might support or hamper the happiness and well-being of growing children and adolescents. We also discuss the implications of our findings for future prevention programmes. Methods This cross-sectional study included all schoolchildren in a semi-rural district in Sweden (2181 pupils). A structured classroom questionnaire was used but the children were also given the opportunity to describe in their own words what was important for their happiness and well-being. Results Mean response rate was 85%. Most changes in behaviour occurred between 11 and 14 years of age. Girls had a more rapid process of change than boys. Both girls and boys experienced stress in their relations with peers, parents and teachers. Gender differences in emotional support were prominent. Regardless of age and sex, all schoolchildren asked for a richer choice of leisure time activities, a place where they could meet with friends and caring teachers, parents and adults in the surrounding community. Conclusions Adolescence was perceived as a risky and problematic period not only by adults but also by the adolescents themselves. However, the perceived risks and the worries differed. While the adults mainly worried about the early onset of smoking and drug use, the schoolchildren worried about their social situation and their personal relationships. After decades of preventive programmes in Swedish schools, only modest results are seen. To be effective, future preventive programmes probably have to focus more on the conceptual world of the growing child. [source] Family and school determinants of overweight in 13-year-old Portuguese adolescentsACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2 2007Elisabete Ramos Abstract Aims: To identify familial and school determinants of overweight in 13-year-old adolescents. Methods: All 27 public and 19 (79%) private schools allowed to contact age eligible students, 77.5% accepting to participate (1116 girls, 1045 boys). Self-administered questionnaires were completed and physical examination performed, including weight and height measurements. Overweight (>95th percentile) and at risk of overweight (85th,95th) were defined using CDC standards. Its determinants were identified using logistic regression models, entering parents' education and all variables significantly associated in crude analysis. Results: Prevalence of overweight (10.2%) and at risk of overweight (16.5%) was not influenced by type of school, vending machines and number of school canteen meals. In girls, the prevalence of body mass index (BMI) >85th percentile increased significantly with decreasing age at menarche (45.7% if menstruating before 11-year and 13.2% when pre-menarche), and increasing parental BMI or time spent on sedentary activities. In multivariate analysis, age at menarche and increasing parental BMI remained significant risks in girls. In boys, besides parental BMI, ever smoking, sleeping <9 h and sedentary leisure activities were significant determinants. Conclusions: Food offered at school had no significant impact on adolescents overweight, which was mainly dependent on parental anthropometrics and leisure time activities. [source] Physical activity and risk of prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohortINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 4 2009Nina Føns Johnsen Abstract The evidence concerning the possible association between physical activity and the risk of prostate cancer is inconsistent and additional data are needed. We examined the association between risk of prostate cancer and physical activity at work and in leisure time in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. In our study, including 127,923 men aged 20,97 years from 8 European countries, 2,458 cases of prostate cancer were identified during 8.5 years of followup. Using the Cox proportional hazards model, we investigated the associations between prostate cancer incidence rate and occupational activity and leisure time activity in terms of participation in sports, cycling, walking and gardening; a metabolic equivalent (MET) score based on weekly time spent on the 4 activities; and a physical activity index. MET hours per week of leisure time activity, higher score in the physical activity index, participation in any of the 4 leisure time activities, and the number of leisure time activities in which the participants were active were not associated with prostate cancer incidence. However, higher level of occupational physical activity was associated with lower risk of advanced stage prostate cancer (ptrend = 0.024). In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis of an inverse association between advanced prostate cancer risk and occupational physical activity, but we found no support for an association between prostate cancer risk and leisure time physical activity. © 2009 UICC [source] Associations between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and glycemic control in a large cohort of adolescents with type 1 diabetes: the Hvidoere Study Group on Childhood DiabetesPEDIATRIC DIABETES, Issue 4 2009J Åman Background:, The Hvidoere Study Group on Childhood Diabetes has demonstrated persistent differences in metabolic outcomes between pediatric diabetes centers. These differences cannot be accounted for by differences in demographic, medical, or treatment variables. Therefore, we sought to explore whether differences in physical activity or sedentary behavior could explain the variation in metabolic outcomes between centers. Methods:, An observational cross-sectional international study in 21 centers, with demographic and clinical data obtained by questionnaire from participants. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were assayed in one central laboratory. All individuals with diabetes aged 11,18 yr (49.4% female), with duration of diabetes of at least 1 yr, were invited to participate. Individuals completed a self-reported measure of quality of life (Diabetes Quality of Life - Short Form [DQOL-SF]), with well-being and leisure time activity assessed using measures developed by Health Behaviour in School Children WHO Project. Results:, Older participants (p < 0.001) and females (p < 0.001) reported less physical activity. Physical activity was associated with positive health perception (p < 0.001) but not with glycemic control, body mass index, frequency of hypoglycemia, or diabetic ketoacidosis. The more time spent on the computer (r = 0.06; p < 0.05) and less time spent doing school homework (r = ,0.09; p < 0.001) were associated with higher HbA1c. Between centers, there were significant differences in reported physical activity (p < 0.001) and sedentary behavior (p < 0.001), but these differences did not account for center differences in metabolic control. Conclusions:, Physical activity is strongly associated with psychological well-being but has weak associations with metabolic control. Leisure time activity is associated with individual differences in HbA1c but not with intercenter differences. [source] Is physical activity influenced by urinary incontinence?BJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 5 2004Beata Stach-Lempinen Objective To evaluate physical activity among urinary incontinent women seeking treatment and to assess the change of physical activity after treatment. Design Part of a prospective observational intervention study to examine the factors influencing the severity of urinary incontinence. Setting Tampere University Hospital,referral unit. Population Eighty-two urinary incontinent women were evaluated in the baseline and 69 (84%) one year (mean 13 months, range 6,21) after treatment. Methods Physical activity was measured by self-report questionnaire and electronic motion sensor: Caltrac accelerometer worn by women for one week. The diagnosis and severity of urinary incontinence was estimated on the basis of urodynamics, pad test, diary and incontinence-specific quality of life measures. Treatment outcome was assessed according to objective parameters and patients satisfaction. Main outcome measures Physical activity at work, leisure and sport expressed in MET (metabolic unit) and kilocalories, change in physical activity after treatment. Results Twenty-one (25.6%) of all women reported exercise of more than three times per week. Incontinent women with the highest leisure time activity ,6 MET (n= 23, above 75th centile) were younger; they had less body mass index and greater urine leakage than others. One year after treatment, there was no change in any parameters of physical activities. Also exercise habits among women who were completely dry (n= 37) after treatment were not changed. Conclusion Urinary incontinent women who seek treatment are as physically active as the normal population. Even after successful incontinence treatment, exercise habits do not change. [source] | ||||||||||