Law And Policy (law + and_policy)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Cohabitation in Twentieth Century England and Wales: Law and Policy

LAW & POLICY, Issue 1 2004
Rebecca Probert
This article reviews the complex, and sometimes conflicting, policies adopted by the law of England and Wales over the course of the twentieth century. Its aim is to highlight the fact that cohabitation is not merely a modern legal issue, but one with which both the legislature and the courts have had to grapple for decades. It argues that reform has been piecemeal and context-specific because the courts and legislature have not adopted a coherent policy toward cohabiting relationships. [source]


Economic Growth and Biodiversity Loss in an Age of Tradable Permits

CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2006
JON ROSALES
comercio de emisiones; límite y comercio; proceso ciencia-política; Protocolo de Kyoto Abstract:,Tradable permits are increasingly becoming part of environmental policy and conservation programs. The efficacy of tradable permit schemes in addressing the root cause of environmental decline,economic growth,will not be achieved unless the schemes cap economic activity based on ecological thresholds. Lessons can be learned from the largest tradable permit scheme to date, emissions trading now being implemented with the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol caps neither greenhouse gas emissions at a level that will achieve climate stability nor economic growth. If patterned after the Kyoto Protocol, cap-and-trade schemes for conservation will not ameliorate biodiversity loss either because they will not address economic growth. In response to these failures to cap economic growth, professional organizations concerned about biodiversity conservation should release position statements on economic growth and ecological thresholds. The statements can then be used by policy makers to infuse these positions into the local, national, and international environmental science-policy process when these schemes are being developed. Infusing language into the science-policy process that calls for capping economic activity based on ecological thresholds represents sound conservation science. Most importantly, position statements have a greater potential to ameliorate biodiversity loss if they are created and released than if this information remains within professional organizations because there is the potential for these ideas to be enacted into law and policy. Resumen:,Cada vez más, los permisos comerciables son parte de la política ambiental y de los programas de conservación. La eficacia de los esquemas de permisos comerciables para atender la causa principal de la declinación ambiental,crecimiento económico,será baja a menos que los esquemas limiten la actividad económica con base en umbrales ecológicos. Se pueden aprender lecciones del mayor esquema de permisos comerciables a la fecha, la comercialización de emisiones implementada con el Protocolo de Kyoto. El Protocolo de Kyoto no limita a las emisiones de gases a un nivel que logre la estabilidad climática ni al crecimiento económico. Si se sigue el modelo del Protocolo de Kyoto, los esquemas de límite y comercio tampoco reducirán las pérdidas de biodiversidad porque no considerarán al crecimiento económico. En respuesta a estas fallas para limitar el crecimiento económico, las organizaciones profesionales preocupadas por la conservación de la biodiversidad deberían emitir declaraciones sobre su posición respecto a umbrales ecológicos y de crecimiento económico. Las declaraciones luego pueden ser usadas por políticos para infundir estas posiciones en el proceso ciencia ambiental-política a nivel local, nacional e internacional cuando estos esquemas estén siendo desarrollados. La infusión de lenguaje que demanda la limitación de actividades de crecimiento económico con base en umbrales ecológicos es ciencia de la conservación sólida. Más notablemente, las declaraciones de posición tienen un mayor potencial para reducir las pérdidas de biodiversidad si son creadas y publicadas que si esta información permanece dentro de las organizaciones profesionales porque existe el potencial para que estas ideas se constituyan en leyes y políticas. [source]


Community forensic psychiatry: restoring some sanity to forensic psychiatric rehabilitation

ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2002
J. Skipworth
Objective:, To review clinical and legal paradigms of community forensic mental health care, with specific focus on New Zealand, and to develop a clinically based set of guiding principles for service development in this area. Method:, The general principles of rehabilitating mentally disordered offenders, and assertive community care programmes were reviewed and applied to the law and policy in a New Zealand forensic mental health setting. Results: There is a need to develop comprehensive community treatment programmes for mentally disordered offenders. The limited available research supports assertive community treatment models, with specialist forensic input. Ten clinically based principles of care provision important to forensic mental health assertive community treatment were developed. Conclusion:, Deinstitutionalization in forensic psychiatry lags behind the rest of psychiatry, but can only occur with well-supported systems in place to assess and manage risk in the community setting. The development of community-based forensic rehabilitation services in conjunction with general mental health is indicated. [source]


Migrants as Minorities: Integration and Inclusion in the Enlarged European Union,

JCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 4 2005
RYSZARD CHOLEWINSKI
The developing migration and asylum law and policy of the European Union aim to construct a common normative framework to address the admission and residence of diverse categories of third-country nationals in EU territory. The principles of minority protection, however, are absent from EU law, with the exception of some references in the new Constitutional Treaty and the incorporated Charter of Fundamental Rights, although they have been employed, to a certain degree, in a prescriptive and pragmatic way in the context of the accession of new Member States. However, increased EU attention to the concept of integration in recent Council policy pronouncements and newly adopted legal measures, aimed almost exclusively at lawfully resident third-country nationals, provides a space where migration policy and minority protection principles may engage more directly. This article undertakes a preliminary assessment of the points of convergence and divergence in these two sets of principles, and argues that greater convergence would result in a more coherent EU policy on integration. [source]


The Exclusion of (Failed) Asylum Seekers from Housing and Home: Towards an Oppositional Discourse

JOURNAL OF LAW AND SOCIETY, Issue 2 2010
Lorna Fox O'Mahony
,Housing', the practical provision of a roof over one's head , is experienced by users as ,home', broadly described as housing plus the experiential elements of dwelling. Conversely, being without housing, commonly described as ,homelessness', is experienced not only as an absence of shelter but in the philosophical sense of ,ontological homelessness' and alienation from the conditions for well-being. For asylum seekers, these experiences are deliberately and explicitly excluded from official law and policy discourses. This article demonstrates how law and policy is propelled by an ,official discourse' based on the denial of housing and the avoidance of ,home' attachments, which effectively keeps the asylum seeker in a state of ontological homelessness and alienation. We reflect on this exclusion and consider how a new ,oppositional discourse' of housing and home , taking these considerations into account , might impact on the balancing exercise inherent to laws and policies concerning asylum seekers. [source]


The plot thickens: Land administration and policy in post-New Order Indonesia

ASIA PACIFIC VIEWPOINT, Issue 1 2004
Craig C. Thorburn
Land reform is one of many agendas that have preoccupied policy makers, scholars and activists as the nation attempts to reinvent itself in the wake of the collapse of the 32-year New Order government of ex-President Suharto. This article examines some of the main debates swirling around the issue of land management and policy during the post-Suharto ,reformasi' period, and provides illustrations of current problems and emerging trends. The article begins with a brief overview of land law and policy in Indonesia, followed by a discussion of its philosophical and ideological basis. This is followed by a discussion of government reform during the New Order period and beyond, and the social and environmental costs of Indonesia's development. The discussion then turns to efforts to decentralise government, and implications on land admin-istration and policy. Case study examples are provided to illustrate the complex dynamic unfolding across the country. [source]