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Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	77%

Selected Abstracts

Clinical Implications of a Close Vicinity of Nervus Dorsalis Penis/Clitoridis and Os Pubis

THE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 7 2008

ABSTRACT Introduction., Close relation of nervus dorsalis penis/clitoris and os pubis has a major impact in surgical disciplines. Aim., To summarize a current knowledge about this region, represented by the course of sulcus nervi dorsalis penis/clitoridis. Methods., Literature search of years 1970,2007. Main Outcome Measures., In male, it accommodates nervus dorsalis penis whereas in female nervus et arteria dorsalis clitoridis. Lateral border of sulcus nervi dorsalis penis corresponds to vertical ridge and lateral border of sulcus nervi dorsalis clitoridis to ventral arc,two parameters, which are parts of the Phenice's method for sexing of isolated os pubis. Results., Exact preparation of nervus dorsalis penis is crucial in correct performance of conversion of genitalia in patients with transsexualism, in reconstruction of posterior urethra, in hypospadia, during performance of penile blockade during circumcision and in revascularization surgery of erectile dysfunction. Possible role of the sulcus nervi dorsalis penis in the Alcock's syndrome is discussed. Similarly, it is advisable to take care of nervus dorsalis clitoridis during reduction clitoridoplasty in patients with adrenogenital syndrome and during the insertion of transobturator vaginal tape. Injury of nervus dorsalis penis/clitoridis leads to hypestesia or anestesia of glans penis/clitoridis. The injury to arteria dorsalis clitoridis leads to bleeding and/or hematoma. Conclusions., Clinical anatomy of sulci is important in several situations in urologic surgery. It is possible to use sulcus nervi dorsalis penis/clitoridis for sexing of isolated pubis for antropological or forensic purposes.,edý J, Na,ka O, ,pa,ková J, and Jarolím L. Clinical implications of a close vicinity of nervus dorsalis penis/clitoridis and os pubis. J Sex Med 2008;5:1572,1581. [source]

Tenascin-C in primary malignant melanoma of the skin

HISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2004
S Ilmonen
Aims :,To investigate the expression and the prognostic role of glycoprotein Tenascin-C (Tn-C) in primary melanoma of the skin. Methods and results :,The immunohistochemical expression of Tn-C was studied in 98 primary melanomas and related to inflammation, invasion, and patient outcome. Patients were followed up for disease recurrence for 0.04,7.4 years (median 3.9) and for survival for 0.5 to 12.1 years (median 9.3). The expression of Tn-C was evaluated for each tumour invasion border; the stromal and intracytoplasmic Tn-C of the melanoma islets were also recorded. Tn-C is widely expressed in primary melanoma samples, the staining pattern varying from focal to diffuse in different parts of the tumour. No correlation existed between intensity of Tn-C staining and inflammation. No stromal Tn-C was detected at the upper dermal lateral border in 12 patients, nor at the deep, dermal or subcutaneous border in 14 patients. These patients showed better disease-free survival (DFS) than did those cases with focal or diffuse staining (P = 0.06, P = 0.05). Also, absence of intracytoplasmic Tn-C was a beneficial prognostic factor for DFS (P = 0.04). In multivariate analysis, tumour ulceration and intracytoplasmic Tn-C expression of melanoma cells were independent adverse prognostic factors for DFS. Conclusions :,In primary melanoma of the skin, absence of Tn-C in the stroma of invasion fronts and within tumour cells seems to be related to a more benign disease behaviour with a lower risk of developing metastases. [source]

Oral cancer over four decades: epidemiology, trends, histology, and survival by anatomical sites

JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 4 2010
Avraham Zini
J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 39: 299,305 Background:, Oral cancer is one of the few life-threatening oral diseases. The subtypes and different sites of oral cancer has different etiology epidemiology and survival rate. Prevalence of the various anatomical oral sites provided potential baseline for improvement of clinical approach. Methods:, Incidence and survival rates were derived from the Israel National Cancer Registry and included all registered data between 1970 and 2006. Oral cancer included the lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, gums, vestibulum, floor of the mouth, and palate. Results:, Most prevalent oral cancer subtype was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) among men above the age of 55 years. Females had a higher incidence of SCC in lateral border of tongue, gums and buccal mucosa. Lymphoma and sarcoma were the most prevalent under the age of 20. Melanomas and metastatic disease revealed the lowest survival rate, while invasive or infiltrating basal cell carcinoma in the lips had the highest rate. The highest oral survival rate was for the lip, and the lowest was for the tongue and gums. Conclusions:, Early detection of oral cancer is important for all the medical health team. Decrease in lip carcinoma may be a result of occupational or awareness changes and should be studied. Non-epithelial tumors under the age of 20 should be considered as a differential diagnosis. A basic oral examination should be included in all routine medical examinations, with emphasis on high-risk patients and high-risk oral sites. [source]

G1 cyclins in oral epithelial dysplasia

JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 2 2001
R. J. Oliver
Abstract: The G1 cyclins, D1, D3 and E, were investigated in 38 lesions of oral epithelial dysplasia from the floor of the mouth or the lateral border of the tongue. Their immunohistochemical expression was observed and compared with that of Ki-67 and with the degree of dysplasia assessed by the semi-objective technique of Smith & Pindborg. Antibody labelled cells were quantified and expressed as a percentage (LI%) of the total nucleated cell population and per mm basement membrane length (LI/mm). The labelling indices of all of the antibodies were high and quantitatively similar. There were no significant correlations with the degree of dysplasia assessed by the atypia scores. There was a correlation between labelling indices for the various antibodies expressed as LI/mm but little correlation between the indices expressed as LI%. The distribution of the D cyclins was similar to that of Ki-67 with relatively few of the basal cells demonstrating immunoreactivity. The reasons for this are discussed in the paper. Some cross-reactivity was observed with the cyclin antibodies. We conclude that the antibodies against the cyclins used in the present study are not a useful adjunct in the study of the cell kinetics of oral epithelial dysplasia. [source]

Clinical Implications of a Close Vicinity of Nervus Dorsalis Penis/Clitoridis and Os Pubis

The signal transduction cascade regulating the expression of the gap junction protein connexin43 by ,-adrenoceptors

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 1 2009
A Salameh
Background and purpose:, In mammalian heart, connexin43 (Cx43) represents the predominant connexin in the working myocardium. As the ,-adrenoceptor is involved in many cardiac diseases, we wanted to clarify the pathway by which ,-adrenoceptor stimulation may control Cx43 expression. Experimental approach:, Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were stimulated with isoprenaline. Cx43 expression as well as activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p42/44 MAPK, JUN NH2 -terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear translocation of the transcription factors activator protein 1 (AP1) and CRE-binding protein (CREB) were investigated. Additionally, we assessed Cx43 expression and distribution in left ventricular biopsies from patients without any significant heart disease, and from patients with either congestive heart failure [dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)] or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Key results:, Isoprenaline exposure caused about twofold up-regulation of Cx43 protein with a pEC50 of 7.92 ± 0.11, which was inhibited by propranolol, SB203580 (4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulphinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-imidazole) (p38 inhibitor), PD98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) (MAPK 1 kinase inhibitor) (Alexis Biochemicals, San Diego, CA, USA) or cyclosporin A. Similar findings were obtained for Cx43 mRNA. Furthermore, Cx43 up-regulation was accompanied by phosphorylation of p38, p42/44 and JNK, and by translocation of AP1 and CREB to the nucleus. Analysis of Cx43 protein and mRNA in ventricular biopsies revealed that in patients with DCM, Cx43 content was significantly lower, and in patients with HCM, Cx43 content was significantly higher, relative to patients without any cardiomyopathy. More importantly, Cx43 distribution also changed with more Cx43 being localized at the lateral border of the cardiomyocytes. Conclusion and implication:, ,-adrenoceptor stimulation up-regulated cardiac Cx43 expression via a protein kinase A and MAPK-regulated pathway, possibly involving AP1 and CREB. Cardiomyopathy altered Cx43 expression and distribution. [source]

Avulsion of ascending lumbar and iliolumbar veins in anterior spinal surgery: An anatomical study

CLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 5 2007
G. Sivakumar
Abstract To expose the disc between the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae in anterior spinal surgery, left to right retraction of inferior vena cava and aorta is required. This manoeuvre can be complicated by venous haemorrhage that, in most cases, is due to avulsion of the left ascending lumbar vein (ALV) or the left iliolumbar vein (ILV). We dissected 23 embalmed cadavers to assess the factors that contribute to the risk of tearing these two veins during retraction. We describe a triangular region that should help surgeons in identifying the ALV and ILV. This triangle is defined by the lateral border of the common iliac vein, the medial border of the psoas major muscle, and the superior end-plate of the L5 vertebral body. We observed that 3 cm between the termination of the left ALV, or a common stem with the ILV, and the termination of the common iliac vein is the critical distance, less than which the risk of venous avulsion is highest. Although the sample considered is small, our study seems to suggest that male patients tend to have a higher risk of venous avulsion than female patients. Clin. Anat. 20:553,555, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

A new taxon of phytosaur (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the Late Triassic (Norian) Sonsela Member (Chinle Formation) in Arizona, and a critical reevaluation of Leptosuchus Case, 1922

PALAEONTOLOGY, Issue 5 2010
MICHELLE R. STOCKER
Abstract:,Leptosuchus Case, 1922 (Reptilia: Phytosauria) from the Late Triassic of the American West is represented by many specimens. Here, I present complete morphological descriptions of the skull material of a new taxon from the Sonsela Member (Chinle Formation) of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, with the first rigorous phylogenetic analysis focused on the interrelationships of Leptosuchus. The new taxon is recovered as the sister taxon to Pseudopalatinae. It possesses one unambiguous synapomorphy (the ,septomaxillae' form part of the lateral borders of the nares) and shares the presence of a subsidiary opisthotic process with Pseudopalatinae. The new taxon does not fall within the restricted clade Leptosuchus. In my analysis, the previously proposed, but undemonstrated, sister taxon relationship between Angistorhinus and Rutiodon is not supported, Paleorhinus is recovered as paraphyletic, and a subset of taxa traditionally included within Leptosuchus are found to be more closely related to Pseudopalatinae, rendering Leptosuchus paraphyletic. ,Leptosuchus'adamanensis emerges as sister taxon to Smilosuchus gregorii and is here referred to as Smilosuchus adamanensis nov. comb., and ,Machaeroprosopus'lithodendrorum is also transferred to Smilosuchus lithodendrorum nov. comb. Documentation of the variation present within Phytosauria, and specifically within Leptosuchus sensu lato, demonstrates higher diversity within Phytosauria than previously appreciated and places the character states previously proposed for Pseudopalatinae into a broader context of shared characters. [source]

Cell adhesion system and human cancer morphogenesis

CANCER SCIENCE, Issue 7 2003
Setsuo Hirohashi
Cell-cell adhesion determines the polarity of cells and participates in the maintenance of the cell societies called tissues. Cell-cell adhesiveness is generally reduced in human cancers. Reduced intercellular adhesiveness allows cancer cells to disobey the social order, resulting in destruction of histological structure, which is the morphological hallmark of malignant tumors. Reduced intercellular adhesiveness is also indispensable for cancer invasion and metastasis. A tumor-suppressor gene product, E-cadherin, and its undercoat proteins, catenins, which connect cadherins to actin filaments, are located at lateral borders, concentrating on adherens junctions, of epithelial cells and establish firm cell-cell adhesion. The E-cadherin cell adhesion system in cancer cells is inactivated by various mechanisms that reflect the morphological and biological characteristics of the tumor. Silencing of the E-cadherin gene by DNA hypermethylation around the promoter region occurs frequently, even in precancerous conditions. In diffuse infiltrating cancers, mutations are found in the genes for E-cadherin and ,-and ,-catenins. At the invading front of cancers, the E-cadherin cell adhesion system is inactivated by tyrosine phosphorylation of ,-catenin; an oncogene product, c- erb B-2 protein, is found to associate directly with ,-catenin. The E-cadherin cell adhesion system cross-talks with the Wingless/Wnt signaling pathway through ,-catenin, and expression of genes, which participate in cancer morphogenesis, may be regulated in conjunction with the Wingless/Wnt signaling pathway. Dysadherin, a newly identified cancer-associated cell membrane glycoprotein, down-regulates E-cadherin and promotes cancer metastasis. In conclusion, inactivation of the E-cadherin cell adhesion system by both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms plays a significant role during multistage human carcinogenesis. [source]