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Late Adolescents (late + adolescent)
Selected AbstractsEarly adolescents show enhanced acute cocaine-induced locomotor activity in comparison to late adolescent and adult ratsDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Kimberly A. Badanich Abstract Initiation of drug use during adolescence is associated with an increased probability to develop a drug addiction. The present study examined dose,response effects of cocaine (0, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg, i.p.) on locomotor activity in early adolescent (postnatal day (PND) 35), late adolescent (PND 45), and young adults (PND 60) by measuring total distance moved (TDM) and frequency of start,stops. In response to 20 mg/kg cocaine, early adolescents showed the greatest cocaine-induced increase in TDM in comparison to late adolescent and adult rats. At this same dose, early adolescents showed the greatest cocaine-induced attenuation of start,stops relative to older rats. Results suggest that early adolescents engage in more cocaine-induced locomotor activity and less stationary behavior indicating that early adolescents are more sensitive to locomotor activating effects of high dose cocaine than older rats. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 127,133, 2008. [source] Does sports participation during adolescence prevent later alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use?ADDICTION, Issue 1 2009Tove Wichstrøm ABSTRACT Aims To study whether participation in organized sports during adolescence predicts increased smoking of tobacco, alcohol intoxication and cannabis use from late adolescence to adulthood when controlling for potential confounders. Moreover, to study whether such increased drug use varies according to type of sport (team versus individual), main skills needed (endurance, strength or technical) and level of competition. Design, setting and participants Survey of national sample of Norwegian high school students (aged 13,19 years) in 1992 (T1) followed-up in 1994 (T2), 1999 (T3) and 2006 (T4) (n = 3251). Measurements Outcome measures included smoking of tobacco and 12-month prevalences of alcohol intoxication and cannabis use, respectively. Confounders included pubertal timing, friends' drug use, perceived social acceptance, grades and parental socio-economic status. Findings Latent growth curve analyses showed that initial level of participation in organized sports predicted growth in alcohol intoxication. Those involved initially in team sports had greater growth in alcohol intoxication, but lower growth in tobacco use and cannabis use, during the adolescent and early adult years compared to those involved in technical or strength sports. Practising endurance sports, as opposed to technical or strength sports, predicted reduced growth in alcohol intoxication and tobacco use. Conclusions Sports participation in adolescence, and participation in team sports in particular, may increase the growth in alcohol intoxication during late adolescent and early adult years, whereas participation in team sports and endurance sports may reduce later increase in tobacco and cannabis use. [source] Drinking patterns, drinking contexts and alcohol-related aggression among late adolescent and young adult drinkersADDICTION, Issue 7 2005Samantha Wells ABSTRACT Aims The main objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the relative roles of heavy episodic drinking (HED), drinking frequency and drinking volume in explaining alcohol-related aggression and (2) whether drinking context variables (i.e. usual drinking locations, typical drinking companions and extent of peer drinking) confound or modify the relationship between HED and alcohol-related aggression or whether they predict alcohol-related aggression independently. Design A secondary analysis of the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth was conducted. Alcohol-related aggression (denoted fights after drinking) was measured based on self-reports of arguments or fights that occurred during or after drinking in the previous 12 months. Participants A composite sample of drinkers, ages 17,21, from the 1994, 1996 and 1998 Young Adult surveys (n = 738) was used. Findings Frequency of drinking and drinking volume largely confounded the association between HED and fights after drinking. Usually drinking in public locations away from home versus private locations was found to be significantly associated with a greater likelihood of fights after drinking among females. Among males, usual drinking location modified the relationship between drinking frequency and alcohol-related aggression, with the greatest risk of aggression for males who drank frequently and usually drank in public locations away from home. Conclusions Programs designed to reduce drinking frequency in this population and to increase the safety of drinking locations in public places away from home may prove to be beneficial in reducing alcohol-related aggression. [source] Stability of genetic influence on morningness,eveningness: a cross-sectional examination of South Korean twins from preadolescence to young adulthoodJOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH, Issue 1 2007YOON-MI HUR Abstract A cross-sectional twin design was used to study the developmental nature of genetic and environmental influences on morningness,eveningness (M,E). A total of 977 South Korean twin pairs aged 9,23 years completed 13 items of a Korean version of the Composite Scale through the telephone interview. The total sample was split into three age groups: preadolescents, adolescents, and young adults. Twin correlations did not vary significantly with age, suggesting that genetic influences on M,E are stable throughout the developmental span. Results of model-fitting analyses indicated that genetic and environmental factors explained, respectively, 45% and 55% of the variance in all three age groups. Environmental factors were primarily those factors that twins did not share as a consequence of their common rearing; family environmental factors in M,E were consistently near zero in all three age groups. The present study is the first to demonstrate genetic influences on M,E in preadolescent children as young as 9 years old. In spite of differences in culture and frequencies of genes between South Koreans and Caucasians, genetic and environmental influences on M,E found in the present sample were remarkably similar to those reported by previous studies on the basis of late adolescent and adult Caucasian twins. [source] Personality, identity styles and authoritarianism: an integrative study among late adolescentsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 5 2006Bart Duriez Abstract The relations between five personality factors, three identity styles, the prejudice dispositions of right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), social dominance orientation (SDO) and racial prejudice were investigated in a Flemish-Belgian late adolescent sample (N,=,328). Results show that Openness to Experience and Agreeableness relate to racial prejudice but that these relations were fully mediated by RWA and SDO. In addition, results show that whereas RWA relates to Conscientiousness and lack of Openness to Experience, SDO relates to lack of Agreeableness and lack of Openness to Experience. The relation between Conscientiousness and RWA and between Openness to Experience and SDO was fully mediated by the identity styles. However, Openness to Experience had a direct influence on RWA and Agreeableness had a direct influence on SDO. The implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Identity styles and causality orientations: in search of the motivational underpinnings of the identity exploration processEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 5 2005Bart Soenens Abstract This study examines relationships between constructs based on two perspectives on the development of self-governance, namely Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 2000) and Berzonsky's (1990) identity style model. Theoretically predictable relationships are found between the three causality orientations defined by SDT (autonomous, controlled, and impersonal) and the three identity styles proposed by Berzonsky (informational, normative, diffuse,avoidant) in a sample of Belgian late adolescents. An autonomous causality orientation is positively related to an informational identity style and negatively related to a diffuse,avoidant style. A controlled orientation is positively associated with a normative identity style, and an impersonal orientation is positively related to a diffuse,avoidant identity style. Participants' gender does not moderate these relationships. The findings suggest that the causality orientations late adolescents employ may play an important role in how actively and thoroughly they explore identity-relevant issues. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Cognitive style: a psycholexically-derived personality-centred modelEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 2 2003John RoodenburgArticle first published online: 20 FEB 200 Cognitive style suffers from a confusing multitude of conceptualizations, and dominance by information-processing type measures. This study sought to elucidate a comprehensive and universal set of personality-centred cognitive style constructs. A grounded approach based on the psycholexical hypothesis (effective in personality modelling) was adapted, explicating cognitive styles as evident in late adolescents. Approximately 700 Australian secondary teachers generated a lexicon of 1040 style adjectives, which were consolidated into 99 key words. 596 teachers rated 1192 senior secondary students against these. After removing acquiescence and a ubiquitous good,bad-ability factor, optimum structure appears to be a spherex abridgeable as three circumplexes, reported across six factor pure and 24 blended facets. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Growing up in a dangerous developmental milieu: The effects of parenting processes on adjustment in inner-city African American adolescentsJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2006Alexander T. Vazsonyi The current longitudinal study examined the protective effects of parenting processes on measures of adolescent adjustment (health-compromising and violent behaviors) in a sample of high-risk, inner-city, poor African American youth ( N = 2,867). Parenting processes played an important role in this dangerous developmental milieu. For male adolescents, they accounted for 26 to 37% in health-compromising behaviors and 16 to 24% of the total variance in violent behaviors over time. Multigroup SEM analyses by sex and age groups (early, middle, and late adolescents) indicated no differences of these effects across groups. Findings provided evidence that parenting processes are salient for a high-risk, inner-city minority population in understanding and predicting health-compromising and violent behaviors. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Culture: A Possible Predictor of Morality for African American AdolescentsJOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE, Issue 2 2009Marisha L. Humphries This study examined the ways in which cultural orientation (communalism and material well-being) and empathy influence the moral reasoning of African American middle to late adolescents. Specifically, this study utilized path analysis to investigate Ward's (1995) hypothesis that a communal orientation would promote morality among African American adolescents, while a material well-being orientation would mitigate against it. In addition, it was hypothesized that empathy would mediate the relationship between cultural orientation and moral reasoning. Thirty-seven high school students and 35 college students participated in the study. Results revealed that communalism was a significant predictor of empathy. Despite prediction, communalism and material well-being were not predictors of moral reasoning. The findings did not yield support for empathy functioning as a mediator between communalism and moral reasoning. These findings are discussed in terms of previous findings, methodological limitations, and implications for future research. [source] Factors influencing testicular volume in young men: results of a community-based surveyBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2002J.H. Ku Objective,To investigate the factors influencing testicular volume in young men in the community. Subjects and methods,Between May and November 2001, 2700 men aged 20 years and dwelling in the community were randomly selected at a 10% sampling fraction after a sampling process by census district; 2080 men agreed to participate in the study. All volunteers underwent a standard evaluation, including a detailed medical history and physical examination. After excluding those with testicular diseases the study comprised 1792 men. Results,There were significant but weak correlations between testicular volumes and height, body weight and body mass index. In a multivariate model, high environmental temperature was associated with a decreased likelihood (odds ratio, OR, 0.42; 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.29,0.60; P < 0.001) of a paired testicular volume being below the 25th percentile of all participants. The likelihood of a low paired testicular volume varied by area, with a 1.6-fold greater risk in men dwelling in large rural areas than in those in major towns. Increasing height was associated with a decreased likelihood (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.38,0.96; P = 0.032) and low body weight with an increased likelihood of a low paired testicular volume (OR 2.54; 95% CI 1.57,4.12; P < 0.001). Conclusion,These results establish that demographic and environmental factors have an effect on testicular size and suggest that body size may be important in determining testicular size in late adolescents. [source] Perceived Parenting, Positive and Negative Perceptions of Parents, and Late Adolescent Emotional AdjustmentCHILD AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 2 2008Cliff McKinney Many studies have established that warm, authoritative parenting is associated with positive adjustment in children and adolescents. Fewer studies, however, have examined the potential mechanisms driving this relationship. The current study explores the effects of late adolescents' positive and negative perceptions of their parents in the association between perceived parenting and late adolescent emotional adjustment (depression, anxiety, and self-esteem). The sample consisted of 151 males and 324 females ranging in age from 18- to 22-years. Data were analysed with structural equation modeling. Results of the study suggested that perceived parenting, positive and negative perceptions of parents, and emotional adjustment as reported by late adolescents all are correlated significantly. The effects of perceived parenting on late adolescents' emotional adjustment, however, were not statistically significant when analysed simultaneously with late adolescents' positive and negative perceptions of parents. Also, the relationship between late adolescents' positive and negative perceptions of parents and late adolescent emotional adjustment became non-significant when examining father relationships. Overall, the importance of considering parenting in the context of parent and adolescents' sex as well as other variables is emphasised. [source] Attachment and symptoms of psychopathology: early maladaptive schemas as a cognitive link?CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY (AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY & PRACTICE), Issue 5 2010Guy Bosmans Abstract This study investigated whether early maladaptive schemas can explain the relation between attachment anxiety and avoidance dimensions and symptoms of psychopathology. For this purpose, 289 Flemish, Dutch-speaking, late adolescents participated on a questionnaire study. Using a non-parametric re-sampling approach, we investigated whether the association between attachment and psychopathology was mediated by early maladaptive schemas. Results indicate that the association between attachment anxiety and psychopathology is fully mediated by cognitions regarding rejection and disconnection and other-directedness. The association between attachment avoidance and psychopathology is partly mediated by cognitions regarding rejection and disconnection.,Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Message: Our findings suggest that cognitive therapy might be useful in the treatment of attachment-related psychopathology. Our findings suggest that therapists should be wary for attachment-related relapse. Especially the cognitive schemas regarding expectations to be rejected or disconnected mediated the association between attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance dimensions and psychopathology. [source] Religiosity, Self-Control, and Virginity Status in College Students from the "Bible Belt": A Research NoteJOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION, Issue 3 2010Alexander T. Vazsonyi Using a sample of college students (N,= 904) from the "Bible Belt," this study examines the effect of religiosity and self-control on late adolescents' delay in initiating sexual intercourse or oral sex. Findings from logistic regressions provide evidence that for each one unit increase in self-control, the odds of a male remaining a virgin or of delaying oral sex increased by a factor of 1.82 and 2.84, respectively, while for females, the odds of not engaging in oral sex increased by a factor of 1.67. In addition to the effect of self-control, a one unit increase in religiosity results in the odds of a male remaining a virgin by a factor of 3.86 and 3.30, respectively. For females the odds are increased by a factor of 4.13 and 2.60, respectively. Mediation tests also provided evidence that self-control mediated the effects by religiosity on both dependent measures. Thus, both religiosity and self-control independently and additively function as key social control mechanisms that promote late adolescent health. [source] | ||||||||||||||||