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Large Sample Volumes (large + sample_volume)
Selected AbstractsDirect on-line analysis of neutral analytes by dual sweeping via complexation and organic solvent field enhancement in nonionic MEKCELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 8 2009Jun Cao Abstract Conventionally, neutral compounds cannot be separated by nonionic micelle capillary electrophoresis. In this report, the development of a novel on-line preconcentration technique combining dual sweeping based on complexation and organic solvent field enhancement is applied to the sensitive and selective analysis of three neutral glucosides: ginsenoside Rf, ginsenoside Rg1, and ginsenoside Re. Nonionic micelle detectability by CE is demonstrated through effective focusing of large sample volumes (up to 38% capillary length) using a dual sweeping mode. This results in a 50- to 130-fold improvement in the LODs relative to conventional injection method. Neutral compounds sweeping is examined in terms of analyte mobility dependence on borate complexation, solvent viscosity difference, and Brij-35 interaction. Enhanced focusing performance by this hyphenated method was demonstrated by a greater than fourfold reduction in glucoside bandwidth, as compared with common sweeping (devoid of organic solvent-mediated sweeping method in the sample matrices). Moreover, separation efficiencies greater than a million theoretical plates can be achieved by sweeping large sample volumes into narrow zones. The designated method was also tested for its ability to determine the presence of glucosides in the crude extracts obtained from plant sample. [source] On-line preconcentration for capillary electrophoresis-atomic fluorescence spectrometric determination of arsenic compoundsELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 12 2004Xue-Bo Yin Abstract An on-line preconcentration method was developed for capillary electrophoresis (CE) with hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometric (HG-AFS) detection of arsenite, arsenate, dimethylarsenic acid, and monomethylarsenic acid. These arsenic species were negatively charged in the sample solution with high pH. When the potential was applied to the electrophoretic capillary, the negatively charged analyte ions moved faster and stacked at the boundary of sample and CE buffer with low pH. So, high sample pH in combination with low buffer pH allowed the injection of large sample volumes (, 1100 nL). Comparison of the preconcentration of analyte solution, prepared with doubly deionized water and that prepared with lake or river water, indicated that preconcentration was independent on the original matrix. With injection of ,1100 nL sample, an enrichment factor of 37,50-fold was achieved for the four species. Detection limits for the four arsenic species ranged from 5.0 to 9.3 ,g·L,1. Precisions (RSDs, n = 5) were in the range of 4.9,6.7% for migration time, 4.7,11% for peak area, and 4.3,7.1% for peak height, respectively. The recoveries of the four species in locally collected water solution spiked with 0.1 ,g·mL,1 (as As) ranged from 83 to 109%. [source] Online preconcentration using monoliths in electrochromatography capillary format and microchipsJOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 17 2007Violaine Augustin Abstract Online preconcentration and separation of analytes using an in situ photopolymerized hexyl acrylate-based monolith stationary phase was evaluated using electrochromatography in capillary format and microchip. The band broadening occurring during the preconcentration process by frontal electrochromatography and during the desorption process by elution electrochromatography was studied. The hexyl acrylate-based monolith provides high retention for neutral analytes allowing the handling of large sample volumes and its structure allows rapid mass transfer, thus reducing the band broadening. For moderately polar analytes such as mono-chlorophenols that are slightly retained in water, it was shown that enrichment factors up to 3500 can be obtained by a hydrodynamic injection of several bed volumes for 120 min under 0.8 MPa with a decrease in efficiency of 50% and a decrease of 30% for the resolution between 2- and 3-chlorophenol. An 8 min preconcentration time allows enrichment factors above 100 for polyaromatic hydrocarbons. The interest of these monoliths when synthesized in microchip is also demonstrated. A 200-fold enrichment was easily obtained for PAHs with only 1 min as preconcentration time, without decrease in efficiency. [source] High-speed crystal detection and characterization using a fast-readout detectorACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D, Issue 9 2010Jun Aishima A novel raster-scanning method combining continuous sample translation with the fast readout of a Pilatus P6M detector has been developed on microfocus beamline I24 at Diamond Light Source. This fast grid-scan tool allows the rapid evaluation of large sample volumes without the need to increase the beam size at the sample through changes in beamline hardware. A slow version is available for slow-readout detectors. Examples of grid-scan use in centring optically invisible samples and in detecting and characterizing numerous microcrystals on a mesh-like holder illustrate the most common applications of the grid scan now in routine use on I24. [source] Continuous scalable blood filtration device using inertial microfluidicsBIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOENGINEERING, Issue 2 2010Albert J. Mach Abstract Cell separation is broadly useful for applications in clinical diagnostics, biological research, and potentially regenerative medicine. Recent attention has been paid to label-free size-based techniques that may avoid the costs or clogging issues associated with centrifugation and mechanical filtration. We present for the first time a massively parallel microfluidic device that passively separates pathogenic bacteria cells from diluted blood with macroscale performance. The device was designed to process large sample volumes in a high-throughput, continuous manner using 40 single microchannels placed in a radial array with one inlet and two rings of outlets. Each single channel consists of a short focusing, gradual expansion and collection region and uses unique differential transit times due to size-dependent inertial lift forces as a method of cell separation. The gradual channel expansion region is shown to manipulate cell equilibrium positions close to the microchannel walls, critical for higher efficiency collection. We demonstrate >80% removal of pathogenic bacteria from blood after two passes of the single channel system. The massively parallel device can process 240,mL/h with a throughput of 400 million cells/min. We expect that this parallelizable, robust, and label-free approach would be useful for filtration of blood as well as for other cell separation and concentration applications from large volume samples. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 302,311. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||