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Large Polyps (large + polyp)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Localized lymphedema (elephantiasis): a case series and review of the literature

JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2009
Song Lu
Background:, Lymphedema typically affects a whole limb. Rarely, lymphedema can present as a circumscribed plaque or an isolated skin tumor. Objective:, To describe the clinical and pathologic characteristics and etiologic factors of localized lymphedema. Methods:, Case,control study of skin biopsy and excision specimens histologically diagnosed with lymphedema and presenting as a localized skin tumor identified during a 4-year period. Results:, We identified 24 cases of localized lymphedema presenting as solitary large polyps (11), solid or papillomatous plaques (7), pendulous swellings (4), or tumors mimicking sarcoma (2). Patients were 18 females and 6 males with a mean age of 41 years (range 16,74). Anogenital involvement was most frequent (75%) , mostly vulva (58%), followed by eyelid (13%), thigh (8%) and breast (4%). Causative factors included injury due to trauma, surgery or childbirth (54%), chronic inflammatory disease (rosacea, Crohn's disease) (8%), and bacterial cellulitis (12%). Eighty-five percent of these patients were either overweight (50%) or obese (35%). Compared with a series of 80 patients with diffuse lymphedema, localized lymphedema patients were significantly younger (41 vs. 62 years old, p = 0.0001), had no history of cancer treatment (0% vs. 18%, p = 0.03), and had an injury to the affected site (54% vs. 6%, p = 0.0001). Histologically, all cases exhibited dermal edema, fibroplasia, dilated lymphatic vessels, uniformly distributed stromal cells and varying degrees of papillated epidermal hyperplasia, inflammatory infiltrates and hyperkeratosis. Tumor size significantly and positively correlated with history of cellulitis, obesity, dense inflammatory infiltrates containing abundant plasma cells, and lymphoid follicles (p < 0.05). A history of cellulitis, morbid obesity, lymphoid follicles and follicular cysts predicted recurrent or progressive swelling despite excision (p < 0.05). Conclusions:, Localized lymphedema should be considered in the etiology of skin tumors when assessing a polyp, plaque, swelling or mass showing dermal edema, fibrosis and dilated lymphatics on biopsy. A combination of lymph stasis promoting factors (trauma, obesity, infection and/or inflammatory disorders) produces localized elephantiasis. [source]

Systematic review: distribution of advanced neoplasia according to polyp size at screening colonoscopy

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 2 2010
C. HASSAN
Summary Background, The impact of not referring sub-centimetre polyps identified at CT colonography upon the efficacy of colorectal cancer screening remains uncertain. Aim, To determine the distribution of advanced neoplasia according to polyp size in a screening setting. Methods, Published studies reporting the distribution of advanced adenomas in asymptomatic screening cohorts according to polyp size were identified by MEDLINE and EMBASE searches. Predefined outputs were the screening rates of advanced adenomas represented by diminutive (,5 mm), small (6,9 mm), sub-centimetre (<10 mm) and large (,10 mm) polyp sizes. Results, Data from four studies with 20 562 screening subjects met the primary inclusion criteria. Advanced adenomas were detected in 1155 (5.6%) subjects (95% CI = 5.3,5.9), corresponding to diminutive, small and large polyps in 4.6% (95% CI = 3.4,5.8), 7.9% (95% CI = 6.3,9.4) and 87.5% (95% CI = 86,89.4) of cases respectively. The frequency of advanced lesions among patients whose largest polyp was diminutive, small, sub-centimetre and large in size was 0.9%, 4.9%, 1.7% and 73.5% respectively. Conclusions, Based on this systematic review, a 6-mm polyp size threshold for polypectomy referral would identify over 95% of subjects with advanced adenomas, whereas a 10-mm threshold would identify 88% of cases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther,31, 210,217 [source]

2,6-Dichlorophenyl Methylsulphone Induced Behavioural Impairments in Rats and Mice in Relation to Olfactory Mucosal Metaplasia

BASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY, Issue 4 2003
Carina Carlsson
Furthermore, 2,6-diClPh-MeSO2 gives rise to a long-lasting hyperactivity along with an impaired radial arm maze performance. To study cause-effect relationships, olfactory mucosal histopathology, glial fibrillary acidic protein induction and neurobehavioural deficits were re-examined in mice and rats of both sexes given a single intraperitoneal dose of 2,6-diClPh-MeSO2 (16 and 65 mg/kg). There was a clear difference in the character of the olfactory mucosal lesions in the two species. In mice, an extensive metaplasia characterised by severe fibrosis, cartilage and bone formation accompanied with large polyps filling the nasal lumen was confirmed. In rats, a dose-dependent weak metaplasia with patchy loss of olfactory epithelium was observed three weeks after dosing, preferentially at the dorsal meatus, nasal septum, and the tips of the middle ethmoturbinates. Large areas of intact olfactory epithelium remained in all animals, particularly in the low dose rats. In both species, 2,6-diClPh-MeSO2 gave rise to significantly increased motor-activities, impaired performance in the radial arm maze, and glial fibrillary acidic protein-induction. Only rats showed hyperactivity at the low dose. Performance in the Morris water maze was unaffected in rats of both sexes indicating that a general impairment in spatial learning could not be supported. We propose that the observed hyperactivity and radial arm maze acquisition deficits originated from a direct effect of 2,6-diClPh-MeSO2 in the brain rather than being a consequence of the olfactory mucosal lesion. [source]

Comparison of standard vs high-definition, wide-angle colonoscopy for polyp detection: a randomized controlled trial

COLORECTAL DISEASE, Issue 10Online 2010
G. Tribonias
Abstract Aim, We sought to compare the performance of colonoscopy using a high-definition, wide-angle endoscope vs a standard colonoscope for the detection of polyps. Method, A total of 390 patients were prospectively randomized into high-definition colonoscopy group (HD, n = 193) and standard colonoscopy group (SC, n = 197). Results, Analysis demonstrated that there were significant differences between the two groups, as far as the overall rate of polyps (SC, 1.31 ± 1.90; HD, 1.76 ± 2.31; P = 0.03) and the rate of small hyperplastic polyps (size < 5 mm; SC, 0.10 ± 0.36; HD, 0.25 ± 0.61; P = 0.003) were concerned. No significant differences between the two groups were observed, regarding large polyps (size , 10 mm; SC, 0.39 ± 0.89; HD, 0.48 ± 0.80; P = 0.10), medium polyps (10 mm > size , 5 mm; SC, 0.60 ± 1.46; HD, 0.58 ± 1.25; P = 0.31) and small polyps (size < 5 mm; SC, 0.32 ± 0.86; HD, 0.71 ± 1.65; P = 0.09). Similarly, no significant differences were demonstrated in the detection rate of adenomas and hyperplastic polyps, large adenomas, medium adenomas, small adenomas and large and medium hyperplastic polyps. Conclusion, High-definition colonoscopy led to a significant increase in the polyp detection. [source]