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Languages
Kinds of Languages Terms modified by Languages Selected AbstractsTHE LANGUAGES OF FOREIGN FIELDWORKGEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW, Issue 1-2 2001DANIEL W. GADE First page of article [source] Negotiating the Semantics of Agent Communication LanguagesCOMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, Issue 2 2002Chris Reed This article presents a formal framework and outlines a method that autonomous agents can use to negotiate the semantics of their communication language at run,time. Such an ability is needed in open multi,agent systems so that agents can ensure they understand the implications of the utterances that are being made and so that they can tailor the meaning of the primitives to best fit their prevailing circumstances. To this end, the semantic space framework provides a systematic means of classifying the primitives along multiple relevant dimensions. This classification can then be used by the agents to structure their negotiation (or semantic fixing) process so that they converge to the mutually agreeable semantics that are necessary for coherent social interactions. [source] Languages of Sex and AIDS in Nepal: Notes on the Social Production of CommensurabilityCULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 4 2001Stacy Leigh Pigg First page of article [source] Curricular Planning along the Fault Line between Instrumental and Academic Agendas: A Response to the Report of the Modern Language Association on Foreign Languages and Higher Education: New Structures for a Changed World,DIE UNTERRICHTSPRAXIS/TEACHING GERMAN, Issue 2 2009Ingeborg Walther In calling for new governance structures and unified curricula, the MLA Report distinguishes between instrumental and constitutive views of language that characterize our often schizophrenic agendas of language acquisition on the one hand, and disciplinary knowledge on the other. This paper explores some common theoretical insights from the fields of language acquisition and cultural studies that interrogate these views, providing a basis for sustained collaboration around curricula among faculty on both sides of the divide. While these have already yielded the kinds of curricular innovations recommended by the Report, a case is made for more radical changes in hiring practices, distribution of teaching and service, reward structures, and graduate education , changes which have the capacity to transform the institutional values upon which they will also depend. [source] Building Our Strength Through Languages: ACTFL 37th Annual Meeting and ExpositionFOREIGN LANGUAGE ANNALS, Issue 4 2003Article first published online: 31 DEC 200 First page of article [source] Exploring New Frontiers: What Do Computers Contribute to Teaching Foreign Languages in Elementary School?FOREIGN LANGUAGE ANNALS, Issue 3 2002Joyce W. Nutta ABSTRACT: Two growing trends in foreign language education, the study of foreign languages in the elementary school (FLES) and the use of computer-assisted language learning (CALL), have been well researched independently but rarely in concert. This study compares the use of a print and multimedia program to teach Spanish to second through fifth graders from quantitative and qualitative perspectives. The experimental portion of the study showed that the achievement and proficiency of students using print or multimedia materials did not differ at posttest. However, a small but statistically significant difference in achievement emerged at the delayed test point in favor of the students who used the multimedia materials, although this finding is limited by participant attrition over the 13-month study. The qualitative portion of the study detected differences in language behavior, with the students who used multimedia spending more time to stop, check, and revise their language production, leading to greater precision in pronunciation and the use of larger chunks of language when repeating phrases. [source] Languages in the NewsFOREIGN LANGUAGE ANNALS, Issue 1 2002June H. Hicks No abstract is available for this article. [source] Languages in the NewsFOREIGN LANGUAGE ANNALS, Issue 6 2001June H. Hicks No abstract is available for this article. [source] Languages in the NewsFOREIGN LANGUAGE ANNALS, Issue 5 2000June H. Hicks No abstract is available for this article. [source] Languages as Women: The Feminisation of Linguistic Discourses in Colonial North IndiaGENDER & HISTORY, Issue 2 2009Asha Sarangi This article locates and analyses the gendered discourses of Hindi and Urdu linguistic identity in late nineteenth-century colonial north India. Using a new concept of language woman, it characterises the multiple discourses of feminisation through three distinctive terms of linguistic femininity, linguistic morality and linguistic patriarchy. These three modes of representation and articulation of feminised discourses over Hindi and Urdu languages are explored using the concept of heteronormativity as a political, ideological and social,cultural construct. The paper argues that language woman established an intimate bond between nationalisation and feminisation of the dominant Hindi linguistic identity in private and public domains as not mutually opposed but complementary and reproducible of each other. [source] Languages for constrained binary segmentation based on maximum a posteriori probability labeling,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Abstract We use a MRF with asymmetric pairwise compatibility constraints between direct pixel neighbors to solve a constrained binary image segmentation task. The model is constraining shape and alignment of individual contiguous binary segments by introducing auxiliary labels and their pairwise interactions. Such representation is not necessarily unique. We study several ad-hoc labeling models for binary images consisting of nonoverlapping rectangular contiguous regions. Nesting and equivalence of these models are studied. We observed a noticeable increase in performance even in cases when the differences between the models were seemingly insignificant. We use the proposed models for segmentation of windowpanes and windows in orthographically rectified façade images. Segmented window patches are always axis-parallel nonoverlapping rectangles which must also be aligned in our strongest model. We show experimentally that even very weak data model in the MAP formulation of the optimal segmentation problem gives very good segmentation results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 69,79, 2009. [source] An Educational Strategy for Teaching Standardized Nursing LanguagesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING TERMINOLOGIES AND CLASSIFICATION, Issue 1 2010Arlene T. Farren RN, CTN-A PURPOSE., The aim of this paper is to describe an educational strategy for teaching standardized nursing languages (SNL) used in both the classroom and clinical components of a psychiatric,mental health nursing course at the associate degree level. DATA SOURCES., Data included a review of the relevant literature, teaching experiences, and faculty and student experiences. DATA SYNTHESIS., Enhancing associate degree student nurses' competency regarding diagnosis and interventions is essential to influence positive health outcomes. Use of diagnostic, outcome, and intervention classifications for learning nursing care promotes critical thinking, individualization of nursing care, and students' fluency with SNL. One possible teaching strategy to assist students to learn and use SNL was implemented through the use of a faculty-developed Student Nurse Documentation Packet. CONCLUSIONS., The educational strategy provided students opportunities to enhance their experience with the SNL to plan and document care of individuals experiencing psychiatric,mental health problems. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING., The educational strategy used in this program was judged to be successful. Research is needed to provide empirical evidence of the efficacy of this pedagogical strategy for increasing knowledge and enhancing students' competency. [source] New Languages of the State: Indigenous Resurgence and the Politics of Knowledge in Bolivia.JOURNAL OF LATIN AMERICAN & CARIBBEAN ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 1 2010By Bret Gustafson, Durham No abstract is available for this article. [source] The Missing Spanish Creoles: Recovering the Birth of Plantation Contact Languages.JOURNAL OF LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2003Jack Sidnell The Missing Spanish Creoles: Recovering the Birth of Plantation Contact Languages. John H. McWhorter. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. xi. 281 pp. [source] "Expert Rhetorics" in Advocacy for Endangered Languages: Who Is Listening, and What Do They Hear?JOURNAL OF LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Jane H. Hill [source] Improving science inquiry with elementary students of diverse backgroundsJOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TEACHING, Issue 3 2005Peggy Cuevas This study examined the impact of an inquiry-based instructional intervention on (a) children's ability to conduct science inquiry overall and to use specific skills in inquiry, and (b) narrowing the gaps in children's ability among demographic subgroups of students. The intervention consisted of instructional units, teacher workshops, and classroom practices. The study involved 25 third- and fourth-grade students from six elementary schools representing diverse linguistic and cultural groups. Quantitative results demonstrated that the intervention enhanced the inquiry ability of all students regardless of grade, achievement, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), home language, and English proficiency. Particularly, low-achieving, low-SES, and English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) exited students made impressive gains. The study adds to the existing literature on designing learning environments that foster science inquiry of all elementary students. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 42: 337,357, 2005 [source] Visions of Fact; Languages of Evidence: History, Memory, and the Trauma of Legal ResearchLAW & SOCIAL INQUIRY, Issue 4 2001Bill Maurer First page of article [source] Crisis in Turkey: The Conflict of Political LanguagesMIDDLE EAST POLICY, Issue 3 2007M. Hakan Yavuz [source] Assessing Intercultural Capability in Learning Languages: A Renewed Understanding of Language, Culture, Learning, and the Nature of AssessmentMODERN LANGUAGE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2010ANGELA SCARINO First page of article [source] Internationalization and Foreign Languages: The Resurgence of Interest in Languages Across the CurriculumMODERN LANGUAGE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2009CAROL A. KLEE First page of article [source] Learning and Teaching Languages through Content: A Counterbalanced Approach by LYSTER, ROYMODERN LANGUAGE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2009ALEIDINE J. MOELLER No abstract is available for this article. [source] Languages for Today's World: DIMENSION 2006 edited by CHERRY, C. MAURICEMODERN LANGUAGE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2007HEATHER WILLIS ALLEN No abstract is available for this article. [source] Speaking Foreign Languages in the United States: Correlates, Trends, and Possible ConsequencesMODERN LANGUAGE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2006JOHN P. ROBINSON With President George W. Bush's unprecedented call in January 2006 to expand the foreign language capacity of the United States, it has become clear that languages other than English (LOE) are of great interest to public policy in the United States. Yet the language capacity of the United States remains poorly documented. The 2000 General Social Survey (GSS) included new questions concerning the languages spoken by 1,398 respondents. Although about one quarter (26%) of respondents to this GSS sample claimed they could speak another language, only 10% overall said they could speak it very well. Those respondents who speak a foreign language were typically aged 25,44, graduate school educated, self-identified as being of a race other than White, and living in large metropolitan cities and on the coasts. Spanish (50%), French (15%), and German (9%) were the most common languages spoken by the survey respondents. Whereas 67% of respondents who learned the language at home as a child said they could speak it very well, only 10% of those who learned it in school or elsewhere did speak it very well. As expected, LOE speakers gave significantly more responses revealing support of LOE and policies favorable to immigration, with LOE-home speakers being more positive about these issues than LOE speakers who learned the language at school. These findings can help to inform national policy debates concerning how best to address the language needs of the United States. [source] The Competitive Advantage of Foreign Languages and Cultural KnowledgeMODERN LANGUAGE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2004Christine Uber Grosse This study presents the results of an electronic survey of 2,500 randomly selected alumni from the graduating classes of 1970 through 2002 of Thunderbird, The American Graduate School of International Management. Of the 2,500 alumni, 581 responded. Thunderbird required a minimum of 4 semesters of foreign language for graduation. The survey concerned whether or not the alumni had received a competitive advantage in their careers from their foreign language skills and cultural knowledge. The vast majority of the respondents acknowledged that both foreign language skills and cultural knowledge had benefited them in their professional lives. Slightly more of them reported receiving an edge from their cultural skills (89%) than from their foreign language abilities (82%). The research results provide empirical data on how members of the U.S. and international business communities perceive the value of foreign language and cultural knowledge to their work. [source] Giving up on Modern Foreign Languages?MODERN LANGUAGE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2004Students' Perceptions of Learning French This article reports on the findings of an investigation into the attitudes of English students aged 16 to 19 years towards French and how they view the reasons behind their level of achievement. Those students who attributed success to effort, high ability, and effective learning strategies had higher levels of achievement, and students intending to continue French after age 16 were more likely than noncontinuers to attribute success to these factors. Low ability and task difficulty were the main reasons cited for lack of achievement in French, whereas the possible role of learning strategies tended to be overlooked by students. It is argued that learners' self-concept and motivation might be enhanced through approaches that encourage learners to explore the causal links between the strategies they employ and their academic performance, thereby changing the attributions they make for success or failure. [source] Second Language Acquisition, Applied Linguistics, and the Teaching of Foreign LanguagesMODERN LANGUAGE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2000Claire Kramsch Given the current popularity of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) as a research base for the teaching and learning of foreign languages in educational settings, it is appropriate to examine the relationship of SLA to other relevant areas of inquiry, such as Foreign Language Education, Foreign Language Methodology, and Applied Linguistics. This article makes the argument that Applied Linguistics, as the interdisciplinary field that mediates between the theory and the practice of language acquisition and use, is the overarching field that includes SLA and SLA-related domains of research. Applied Linguistics brings to all levels of foreign language study not only the research done in SLA proper, but also the research in Stylistics, Language Socialization, and Critical Applied Linguistics that illuminates the teaching of a foreign language as sociocultural practice, as historical practice, and as social semiotic practice. [source] UNESCO and Languages: A Commitment to Culture and DevelopmentMUSEUM INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2008Mauro Rosi For more than sixty years languages and multilingualism have constituted essential aspects of UNESCO's programme and this remains true today. This is due, on the one hand, to the fact that we are witnessing an unprecedented valorisation of intangible cultural heritage in all its forms, and on the other, to the fear that globalization will cause an acceleration in the disappearance of a large number of languages. In this context, UNESCO has opted in favour of languages and multilingualism, by creating a normative tool and specialized and multidisciplinary programmes. [source] The International Legal Framework for the Safeguarding and Promotion of LanguagesMUSEUM INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2008Janet Blake There are a sizeable number of international law provisions that answer the needs of speaker communities for the safeguarding and promotion of their languages, most of them rights-based. Some of UNESCO's cultural heritage instruments are also of relevance. This article analyses the existing law, its effectiveness and underlying principles and considers whether there is a need for further legal development in this area, as well as the usefulness of non-normative approaches. [source] The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages: Ten Years of Protecting and Promoting Linguistic and Cultural DiversityMUSEUM INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2008Alexey Kozhemyakov With about 250 languages spoken throughout Greater Europe, the European continent represents an excellent testing-ground for finding the proper identity and fostering the mutual understanding of linguistic groups, and promoting the perception of linguistic diversity as a part of national and all-European cultural wealth. [source] Minority Languages, Nationalism and Broadcasting: The British and Irish ExamplesNATIONS AND NATIONALISM, Issue 3 2000Mike Cormack This paper examines the relationship between nationalist movements and minority languages, with particular emphasis on examples from Britain and Ireland. This relationship is less straightforward than often assumed, and the media's role in it is particularly complex. The varying political uses of minority language broadcasting are discussed, along with the implications of the separation between cultural and political nationalism. The notion of the routine banality of daily broadcasting is used to indicate how such broadcasting can work against nationalist mobilisation. Finally, Ireland is examined in the light of the previous discussion in order to offer an explanation of why it was so far behind many other areas in the provision of minority language broadcasting. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||