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Land Acquisition (land + acquisition)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Life Sciences80%

Selected Abstracts

A Transdisciplinary Approach to Conservation Land Acquisition

CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 6 2002
Brian Czech
I integrated principles of conservation biology, ecological economics, and political science to outline an approach to conservation land acquisition in the United States. American political economy, especially, has profound implications for conservation land acquisition, yet these implications have been largely neglected by public land conservation agencies. I derived three general recommendations for the conservation of biodiversity via land acquisition: (1) relatively inexpensive lands in relatively intact ecosystems should be prioritized for acquisition, (2) fee-title acquisition should be favored over easement acquisition, and (3) low-lying coastal properties should receive lower priority. These recommendations contribute to an ecologically macroeconomic approach to conservation land acquisition, and each will become more appropriate as the sizes of the U.S. and global economies increase. Ultimately, however, the conservation of biodiversity will require a new political economy predicated on sustainability rather than growth. Resumen: La adquisición de tierras es uno de los aspectos claves para la conservación de la biodiversidad y es una empresa transdisciplinaria que requiere de la consideración de fenómenos sociales y naturales. Integré los principios de la biología de la conservación, la economía ecológica y las ciencias políticas para desarrollar una metodología de adquisición de tierras para la conservación en los Estados Unidos. La economía política norteamericana, especialmente tiene implicancias profundas sobre la adquisición de tierras para la conservación, sin embargo, estas aplicaciones han sido negadas ampliamente por las agencias de conservación de tierras públicas. Derivé tres recomendaciones generales para la conservación de la biodiversidad mediante la adquisición de tierras: 1) tierras relativamente baratas en ecosistemas relativamente intactos deben ser priorizadas para la adquisición, 2) los títulos de adquisición honoraria deben ser favorecidos sobre las adquisiciones forzadas y 3) las propiedades costeras bajas deberán recibir la prioridad más baja. Estas recomendaciones contribuyen a una aproximación ecológicamente macroeconómica para la adquisición de tierras para la conservación y cada una de ellas será más apropiada en tanto que los bienes de los Estados Unidos y la economía global incremente. Sin embargo, a fin de cuentas, la conservación de la biodiversidad requerirá de una nueva economía política predicada en la sustentabilidad más que en el crecimiento. [source]

Influence of land use on plant community composition and diversity in Highland Sourveld grassland in the southern Drakensberg, South Africa

JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, Issue 5 2005
T. G. O'CONNOR
Summary 1Biodiversity conservation of grasslands in the face of transformation and global climate change will depend mainly on rangelands because of insufficient conservation areas in regions suited to agriculture. Transformed vegetation (pastures, crops and plantations) is not expected to conserve much biodiversity. This study examined the impact of land use on the plant diversity and community composition of the southern Drakensberg grasslands in South Africa, which are threatened with complete transformation to pastures, crops and plantations. 2The main land uses in this high rainfall region are: ranching or dairy production under private tenure using indigenous grassland, pastures (Eragrostis curvula, kikuyu and ryegrass) and maize; plantation forestry; communal tenure (maize and rangelands); and conservation. 3Plant diversity and composition were assessed using Whittaker plots. Transformed cover types were depauperate in species and ranged from kikuyu (1·4 species m,2) and ryegrass (2·9), to pine plantation (3·1), E. curvula pasture (3·1), commercial maize (3·2) and communal maize (7·8). With the exception of pine plantations, these communities supported mostly exotic (50 of 70 species) or ruderal indigenous species and made little contribution to plant species conservation. Abandoned communal cropland reverted to an indigenous grassland almost devoid of exotic species within c. 20 years. 4It was predicted that frequently cultivated sites (maize and ryegrass) would support less diversity than long-lived pastures (kikuyu and E. curvula). This was contradicted by the relatively high species diversity of communal maize fields, which was attributed to a lack of herbicides, and the depauperate communities of kikuyu and of E. curvula pasture, which were attributed, respectively, to a dense growth form and a severe mowing regime. 5Pine plantations harboured fourfold more indigenous species per plot (27) than other transformed types. Species were mostly shade-tolerant grassland relics that had persisted for 12 years since planting, and some forest colonizers. Indigenous species were unlikely to be maintained because of aggressive invasion by the exotic Rubus cuneifolius and severe disturbance associated with tree harvest and replanting. 6The richness of indigenous grasslands was expected to differ in response to grazing pressure but they differed only in composition. Grasslands were dominated by grasses, despite the richness of herbaceous species. The dominance of Themeda triandra was reduced under livestock grazing in favour of more grazing-tolerant species. Exotic species were inconspicuous except for the dicotyledon Richardia brasiliensis, a subdominant under communal grazing. 7Southern Drakensberg grasslands are probably now stocked with livestock six- to 35-fold higher than during pre-settlement times. A grassland protected for c. 50 years supported twofold greater richness (101 species plot,1) than grazed grasslands, suggesting that a 150-year history of increased mammalian grazing had already reduced plant diversity. 8Synthesis and applications. Land acquisition is costly, thus conservation of plant diversity in the southern Drakensberg requires a policy that inhibits transformation of rangelands. This can be achieved by enhancing their economic viability without changing the vegetation composition. Their inherent value must be recognized, such as for water production. The viability of commercial ranches can be improved by increasing their size. Conservation efforts need to be focused on plant taxa that only occur on unprotected rangelands. [source]

A Transdisciplinary Approach to Conservation Land Acquisition

CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 6 2002
Brian Czech
I integrated principles of conservation biology, ecological economics, and political science to outline an approach to conservation land acquisition in the United States. American political economy, especially, has profound implications for conservation land acquisition, yet these implications have been largely neglected by public land conservation agencies. I derived three general recommendations for the conservation of biodiversity via land acquisition: (1) relatively inexpensive lands in relatively intact ecosystems should be prioritized for acquisition, (2) fee-title acquisition should be favored over easement acquisition, and (3) low-lying coastal properties should receive lower priority. These recommendations contribute to an ecologically macroeconomic approach to conservation land acquisition, and each will become more appropriate as the sizes of the U.S. and global economies increase. Ultimately, however, the conservation of biodiversity will require a new political economy predicated on sustainability rather than growth. Resumen: La adquisición de tierras es uno de los aspectos claves para la conservación de la biodiversidad y es una empresa transdisciplinaria que requiere de la consideración de fenómenos sociales y naturales. Integré los principios de la biología de la conservación, la economía ecológica y las ciencias políticas para desarrollar una metodología de adquisición de tierras para la conservación en los Estados Unidos. La economía política norteamericana, especialmente tiene implicancias profundas sobre la adquisición de tierras para la conservación, sin embargo, estas aplicaciones han sido negadas ampliamente por las agencias de conservación de tierras públicas. Derivé tres recomendaciones generales para la conservación de la biodiversidad mediante la adquisición de tierras: 1) tierras relativamente baratas en ecosistemas relativamente intactos deben ser priorizadas para la adquisición, 2) los títulos de adquisición honoraria deben ser favorecidos sobre las adquisiciones forzadas y 3) las propiedades costeras bajas deberán recibir la prioridad más baja. Estas recomendaciones contribuyen a una aproximación ecológicamente macroeconómica para la adquisición de tierras para la conservación y cada una de ellas será más apropiada en tanto que los bienes de los Estados Unidos y la economía global incremente. Sin embargo, a fin de cuentas, la conservación de la biodiversidad requerirá de una nueva economía política predicada en la sustentabilidad más que en el crecimiento. [source]

Fast Track Land Reform Programme, tenure security and investments in soil conservation: Micro-evidence from Mazowe District in Zimbabwe

NATURAL RESOURCES FORUM, Issue 2 2010
Precious ZikhaliArticle first published online: 21 MAY 2010
Abstract The government of Zimbabwe launched the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) in 2000 as part of its ongoing land reform and resettlement programme which aims to address a racially skewed land distribution. Its goal has been to accelerate both land acquisition and redistribution, targeting at least five million hectares of land for resettlement. This paper investigates the impact of the FTLRP on its beneficiaries' perceptions of land tenure security, and how these subsequently impacted soil conservation investments. Evidence suggests that the programme created some tenure insecurity, which adversely affected soil conservation investments among its beneficiaries. We find support for the contention that households make land-related investments to enhance security of tenure. The results underscore the need for the government of Zimbabwe to clarify and formalize land tenure arrangements within the programme. [source]