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Land
Kinds of Land Terms modified by Land Selected AbstractsIN SEARCH OF ULSTER-SCOTS LAND: The Birth and Geotheological Imagings of a Transatlantic People, 1603,1703.GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW, Issue 4 2010By Barry Aron Vann. No abstract is available for this article. [source] GEOGRAPHY AND LAND REFORMGEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW, Issue 3 2008ALISTAIR FRASER ABSTRACT. In this article I examine a range of issues raised in recent geographical studies of land reform. I briefly discuss the career of land reform, review a selection of geographical publications on land reform in a range of places in the global south and even the global north, note some prominent themes and silences, and raise points for discussion and debate about the direction a geography-of-land-reform literature might take. My aim is to help geographers who are interested in land reform identify ways in which they might more purposively develop a literature that heretofore has not been considered a whole. [source] INCREASING THE PRECISION OF THEODOLITE TRACKING: MODIFIED TECHNIQUE TO CALCULATE THE ALTITUDE OF LAND-BASED OBSERVATION SITESMARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE, Issue 4 2004H. Bailey [source] Fallen between the Cracks: Conservation Linking Land and SeaCONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2007N. A. Sloan No abstract is available for this article. [source] Agricultural Intensification: Will Land Spared from Farming be Land Spared for Nature?CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2006PAMELA A. MATSON No abstract is available for this article. [source] Enhancement of Farmland Biodiversity within Set-Aside LandCONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2004JOSH VAN BUSKIRK agricultura; biodiversidad; conservación; terrenos de reserva Abstract:,The efficacy of agricultural set-aside policies for protecting farmland biodiversity is widely debated. Based on a meta-analysis of 127 published studies, we found that land withdrawn from conventional production unequivocally enhances biodiversity in North America and Europe. The number of species of birds, insects, spiders, and plants is 1,1.5 standard deviation units higher on set-aside land, and population densities increase by 0.5,1 standard deviation units. Set-aside land may be especially beneficial for desirable taxa because North American bird species that have exhibited population declines react most positively to set-aside agricultural land. Larger and older plots protect more species and higher densities, and set-aside land is more effective in countries with less-intensive agricultural practices and higher fractions of land removed from production. Although policies specifically designed to protect biodiversity might work even better, current incentives clearly improve the standing of plants and animals in farmland. Resumen:,La eficiencia de las políticas de reservas agrícolas para la protección de la biodiversidad en tierras cultivadas esta ámpliamente debatida. Con base en un meta-análisis de 127 estudios publicados, encontramos que terrenos retirados de la producción convencional inequívocamente mejoran la biodiversidad en Norte América y Europa. El número de especies de aves, insectos, arañas y plantas es 1-1.5 unidades de desviación estándar más alto en terrenos de reserva, y las densidades de población incrementan en 0.5-1 unidades de desviación estándar. Los terrenos de reserva pueden ser especialmente benéficos para taxones deseables porque especies de aves norteamericanas que han presentado una declinación poblacional reaccionan positivamente a terrenos agrícolas de reserva. Parcelas más grandes y viejas protegen a más especies y tienen mayores densidades, y los terrenos de reserva son más efectivos en países con prácticas agrícolas menos intensivas y con mayores fracciones de tierras removidas de la producción. Aunque las políticas diseñadas específicamente para proteger la biodiversidad pueden ser mejores aún, los incentivos actuales claramente mejoran la situación de plantas y animales en tierras agrícolas. [source] Roads and the Land: Two Giants in Uneasy EmbraceCONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2004Reinmar Seidler No abstract is available for this article. [source] Conservation Biology and Private Land: Shifting the FocusCONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2000David A. Norton No abstract is available for this article. [source] Pro-Poor Land Reform: A Critique by Saturnino M. Borras, Jr.DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 2 2009Benedict J. Tria Kerkvliet No abstract is available for this article. [source] Hill of Thorns: Custom, Knowledge and the Reclaiming of a Lost Land in the New South AfricaDEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 3 2000Deborah James This article provides a detailed ethnographic exploration of a case of land restitution in South Africa. It shows how the development discourse invoked during the process of reclaiming land, rather than being imposed in an entirely top-down manner, has been the result of negotiations between those claiming and those , in government and NGOs , who have helped them claim. The resulting knowledge about the ownership and appropriate governance of land reveals a complex and often contradictory understanding of concepts like ,custom', ,community' and ,power'. [source] Emerging patterns of cannabis and other substance use in Aboriginal communities in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory: a study of two communitiesDRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW, Issue 4 2004ALAN R. CLOUGH Abstract A recent rise in cannabis use in Indigenous communities in northern Australia may have compounded existing patterns of other substance use. This paper describes these patterns in Arnhem Land in the ,Top End' of the Northern Territory (NT). Economic impacts of the cannabis trade are also described. In a descriptive cross-sectional study, random samples included 336 people (169 males, 167 females) aged 13,36 years. Consensus classification of lifetime and current use of cannabis, alcohol, tobacco, kava, inhalants (petrol) and other drugs was derived based on health workers' proxy assessments. A sample (n = 180, aged 13,36) was recruited opportunistically for interview. Lifetime cannabis users among those interviewed (n = 131, 81 males, 50 females) described their current cannabis use, usual quantities purchased and consumed, frequency and duration of cannabis use and other substance use. In the random samples, 69% (63,75%) of males and 26% (20,31%) of females were lifetime cannabis users (OR = 7.4, 4.5,12.1, p 5 0.001). The proportion of males currently using cannabis was 67% (60,73%) while the proportion of females currently using cannabis was 22% (16,27%) (OR = 7.9, 4.8,13.1, p 5 0.001). Current cannabis users were more likely than non-users to be also using alcohol (OR = 10.4, 4.7,23.3, p 5 0.001), tobacco (OR = 19.0, 7.9,45.8, p 5 0.001) and to have sniffed petrol (OR = 9.1, 4.6,18.0, p 5 0.001) but were less likely to be using kava (OR = 0.4, 0.2 ,0.9, p 5 0.001). Among those interviewed, higher tobacco consumption in current users and greater alcohol use in lifetime users was associated with increased cannabis use. Action is required to reduce cannabis use, especially in combination with other substances. [source] Kava in Arnhem Land: a review of consumption and its social correlatesDRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW, Issue 3 2000Alan R. Clough Abstract The debate about the effects and public health importance of the way Aboriginal people drink kava has been confounded by claims, based on anecdote, of imputed health effects. Anecdote and comment have promoted the perception that dosage levels among Aboriginal people are much greater than in Pacific island societies. In this paper we review published data about kava consumption, and evaluate it with respect to information collected from observation of one Aboriginal community in Arnhem Land (Northern Territory) where people tend to consume kavaat a steady tempo; 37g of kava powder containing around 3800mg of kava lactones in 670ml of water in an hour. The highest levels of consumption in Arnhem Land have been reported to be up to 900g/week of kava powder with heavy consumers drinking at least 610g/week, levels comparable to estimates for Pacific-island societies. The significance of a steady drinking tempo means that an individual's weekly kava consumption relates directly to the amount of time spent drinking which, in turn, is correlated with categories of social setting of drinking (p < 0.0002). Lone drinkers appear to be the heaviest users while lowest consumption takes place in private domestic situations, where people enjoy kava as part of family group activities. Surrogates of consumption levels may be found in local socio-economic circumstances. This approach may be useful when more direct measurement of consumption is difficult or impossible. [source] The First Crusade and the Latin east as seen from Venice: the account of the Translatio sancti NicolaiEARLY MEDIEVAL EUROPE, Issue 4 2009Elena Bellomo The Translatio sancti Nicolai is the earliest Venetian source to describe the deeds of the first crusaders from Venice. It is most likely based on an eyewitness account of the events that was later rewritten in order to provide the historical context for the translation of St Nicholas's relics to Venice. This source ambivalently depicts the nature of the crusader battles, both emphasizing the spiritual value of this fight, mainly seen as a way to fulfil the sequela Christi, and highlighting the significant economic implications of the Christian conquest of the Holy Land. [source] Land and people in late medieval England , By Bruce M. S. CampbellECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 2 2010BRENDAN SMITH No abstract is available for this article. [source] Immigration to the Land of RedistributionECONOMICA, Issue 308 2010TITO BOERI Negative perceptions about migrants in Europe are driven by concerns that foreigners abuse welfare. Paradoxically, instruments of social inclusion are becoming weapons of mass exclusion. We compare evidence on welfare access and the net fiscal position of migrants with perceptions based on a largely unexploited database (EU-SILC). We find no evidence that legal migrants, notably skilled migrants, are net recipients of transfers from the state. However, there is evidence of ,residual dependency' on non-contributory transfers and self-selection of unskilled migrants in the countries with the most generous welfare states. Alternative strategies to unbundle migration from welfare access are discussed. [source] Ben Jonson's Poems of Place and the Culture of Land: From the Military to the DomesticENGLISH LITERARY RENAISSANCE, Issue 3 2001MARTIN ELSKY First page of article [source] Aquatic macroinvertebrates in the altes land, an intensely used orchard region in Germany: Correlation between community structure and potential for pesticide exposureENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 12 2006Christoph Schäfers Abstract To assess the impact of pesticides on aquatic organisms under realistic worst-case conditions, a macroinvertebrate community of small ditches was sampled at 40 sites of the orchard region Altes Land near Hamburg, Germany. To differentiate between pesticide impact and other variables, the ditches selected for sampling were located at different distances along grassland, unused apple orchards, and orchards managed with integrated and/or organic crop protection methods. Samples of macroinvertebrates were taken on five dates over two years. In addition to biological data, water chemistry and structural parameters were measured. For each sampling site, a potential for exposure was calculated on the basis of the distance of the ditch to the nearest row of trees and the depth and width of the ditch. The neighborhood to either grassland or orchards turned out to have a larger impact on the macroinvertebrate community than the potential for exposure. Therefore, grassland sites were omitted from further evaluation. Remaining sites were grouped into low exposure (sites at unused orchards), medium exposure (distance of 3,5 m [track] between trees and ditch), and high exposure (trees close to the ditch, mean distance , 1.5 m). Principal response curves showed differences in community structure between the three exposure groups over time. Whereas for sites from the high exposure group significant differences from low exposure was observed in all seasons, significant differences between low and medium were observed only occasionally. Effects were less pronounced in samples taken at springtime before the starting pesticide applications, suggesting some community recovery. Species richness was negatively correlated to exposure potential. Isopoda, Eulamellibranchiata, and insects, especially Ephemeroptera, showed a high negative correlation with the potential for pesticide exposure, suggesting that these taxa are sensitive to the pesticide use in the orchards. [source] Im Wettlauf um die besten KöpfeFORSCHUNG, Issue 3 2007Marco Finetti DFG fordert mehr Geld und mehr Freiheit für die Wissenschaft , Kleiner: Bezahlung unserer Forscher ist eine Schande für ein hochentwickeltes Land [source] Land Cover Characteristics in Ne Iceland with Special Reference to Jökulhlaup GeomorphologyGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Issue 3-4 2003Petteri Alho ABSTRACT Subglacial eruptions in Vatnajbkull have accounted for several jökulhlaups (glacial outburst floods) in the Northern Volcanic Zone (NVZ). These events and aeolian processes have had a considerable impact on the landscape evolution of the area. Most of this area is occupied by barren land cover; the northern margin of the barren land cover is advancing northwards, burying vegetation under wind-blown sediment. This paper presents a land-cover classification based on a supervised Landsat TM image classification with pre-processing and extensive field observations. Four land cover categories were identified: (a) lava cover (34.8%); (b) barren sediment cover (39.0%); (c) vegetation (25.1%); and (d) water and snow (1.1%). The mapping of sand transport routes demonstrates that a major aeolian sand transportation pathway is situated in the western part of the study area. The sedimentary formation elongated towards the northeast is evidence of active and continuous aeolian sand transportation towards the north. Interpretation of the satellite image suggests that four main areas are affected by jökulhlaups along the Jökulsáá Fjöllum: Ásbyrgi, Grímsstaðir, Herðubreið,Möðrudalur, and the Dyngjujökull sandur. In addition, jökulhlaup-related sediment cover (8%) in the study area, together with erosional features, are evidence of a severe and extensive jökulhlaup-induced process of land degradation. [source] ,Land Moves and Behaves': Indigenous Discourse on Sustainable Land Management in Pichataro, Patzcuaro Basin, MexicoGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Issue 3-4 2003Narciso Barrera-Bassols ABSTRACT An ethnoecological study was carried out in the Purhepecha community of San Francisco Pichataro, west central Mexico, with the purpose of investigating how land degradation, in terms of soil erosion and fertility depletion, was (and still is) handled by indigenous farmers so that traditional agriculture could remain sustainable over centuries. After briefly reviewing opposite views on the land degradation issue in the regional context of the Patzcuaro lake basin, the paper focuses on land management at local level. The indigenous concept of land is discussed as an integrated whole, including water cycle, climate, relief and soils. Indigenous people venerate land as the mother of all living beings, including humans. Therefore, people's health and survival require good land care and management. Local knowledge on land management is organized around four basic principles: land position, land behaviour, land resilience and land quality. Fanners recognize land as a dynamic subject, a concept reflected in the expression ,land moves and behaves'. Soil erosion and fertility depletion are perceived as ,normal' processes the farmers control by means of integrated management practices. Farmers recognize several land classes, primarily controlled by landscape position, which require different land care. The example of San Francisco Pichataro demonstrates that traditional agriculture does not necessarily lead to land degradation. But the collective knowledge, or social theory, on land management is increasingly exposed to be fragmented as the community undergoes structural changes and loses its social cohesion under the pressure of externalities such as off-farm activities, out-migrations and governmental intervention, among others. [source] Landscape and Coast Development of A Lowland Fjord Margin Following Deglaciation, East GreenlandGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Issue 3 2001Louise Hansen The landscapes of western Jameson Land bordering Hall Bredning fjord comprise upper river basins, glacial landscapes, lower river basins and a near-shore zone. The upper river basins are incised into bedrock and display no cover of young sediments whilst the glacial landscapes, located closer to the coast, are dominated by Pleistocene deposits and an irregular topography with hills and ridges. The lower river basins, dissecting the glacial landscapes, are connected to the upper river basins and contain well-defined Holocene delta terraces. The near-shore zone, which includes the present coast, displays a few raised shorelines. Geomorphological observations combined with stratigraphic work and 14C dates provide a chronological framework for the development of landscape and shoreline, as presented by a four-stage reconstruction. The first stage covers the deglaciation of western Jameson Land at the Weichselian-Holocene transition after a collapse of the main fjord glacier in Hall Bredning. The sea inundated the low-lying areas on Jameson Land forming small side-entry fjord basins that possibly follow the track of older valleys. This was followed by a second stage, the paraglacial period, when large meltwater production and sediment transport resulted in a fast infilling of the side-entry fjord basins by deltas. These are now exposed in terraces in the lower river basins at 70,80 m a.s.l. During a third stage, the relaxation period, fluvial activity decreased and the land surface was increasingly occupied by a cover of tundra vegetation. A glacio-isostatic rebound resulted in a relative sea level fall and fluvial incision. During stages two and three the coast was exposed to shallow marine processes that aided the alignment of the coast. Stages one to three presumably lasted for less than 2000 years. During stage four, the stable period, lasting for several thousand years till the present, there were minor adjustments of shoreline and landscape. The four-step reconstruction describes the sedimentary response of a lowland fjord margin to dramatic changes in climate and sea level. The distribution of erosion and sedimentation during this development was mainly controlled by topography. The reconstruction of the latest environmental development of Jameson Land puts new light on Jameson Land's long and complex Quaternary stratigraphic record. The reconstruction may also be used as a model for the interpretation of deposits in similar areas elsewhere. [source] Erosion and Nutrient Loss on Sloping Land under Intense Cultivation in Southern VietnamGEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2008NGUYEN VAN DE Abstract To help improve the well-being of the local people, a joint Vietnamese-UK team set out to establish a way of estimating soil and nutrient losses under different land management scenarios, using field data extrapolated through remote sensing and GIS, to obtain catchment-wide estimates of the impact of land cover change. Immigration from remote provinces to the Dong Phu District of Binh Phuóc Province, about 120 km north of Ho Chi Minh City, has led to disruption of soil surface stability on easily eroded clayey sandstones, creating rapid nutrient depletion that affects crop yields and siltation in the channel of the Rach Rat river downstream. The poor farmers of the areas see crop yields drop dramatically after two or three years of cultivation due to the fertility decline. Soil loss varies dramatically between wet season and dry season and with ground cover. Erosion bridge measurements showed a mean loss of 85.2 t ha,1 y,1 under cassava saplings with cashew nuts, 43.3 t ha,1 y,1 on uncultivated land and 41.7 t ha,1 y,1 under mature cassava. The rates of erosion were higher than those reported in many other parts of Vietnam, reflecting the high erodibility of the friable sandy soils on the steep side-slopes of the Rach Rat catchment. However, although the actual measurements provide better soil loss data than estimates based on the parameters of soil loss equations, a large number of measurement sites is needed to provide adequate coverage of the crop and slope combinations in this dissected terrain for good prediction using GIS and remote sensing. [source] Role of land cover changes for atmospheric CO2 increase and climate change during the last 150 yearsGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, Issue 8 2004Victor Brovkin Abstract We assess the role of changing natural (volcanic, aerosol, insolation) and anthropogenic (CO2 emissions, land cover) forcings on the global climate system over the last 150 years using an earth system model of intermediate complexity, CLIMBER-2. We apply several datasets of historical land-use reconstructions: the cropland dataset by Ramankutty & Foley (1999) (R&F), the HYDE land cover dataset of Klein Goldewijk (2001), and the land-use emissions data from Houghton & Hackler (2002). Comparison between the simulated and observed temporal evolution of atmospheric CO2 and ,13CO2 are used to evaluate these datasets. To check model uncertainty, CLIMBER-2 was coupled to the more complex Lund,Potsdam,Jena (LPJ) dynamic global vegetation model. In simulation with R&F dataset, biogeophysical mechanisms due to land cover changes tend to decrease global air temperature by 0.26°C, while biogeochemical mechanisms act to warm the climate by 0.18°C. The net effect on climate is negligible on a global scale, but pronounced over the land in the temperate and high northern latitudes where a cooling due to an increase in land surface albedo offsets the warming due to land-use CO2 emissions. Land cover changes led to estimated increases in atmospheric CO2 of between 22 and 43 ppmv. Over the entire period 1800,2000, simulated ,13CO2 with HYDE compares most favourably with ice core during 1850,1950 and Cape Grim data, indicating preference of earlier land clearance in HYDE over R&F. In relative terms, land cover forcing corresponds to 25,49% of the observed growth in atmospheric CO2. This contribution declined from 36,60% during 1850,1960 to 4,35% during 1960,2000. CLIMBER-2-LPJ simulates the land cover contribution to atmospheric CO2 growth to decrease from 68% during 1900,1960 to 12% in the 1980s. Overall, our simulations show a decline in the relative role of land cover changes for atmospheric CO2 increase during the last 150 years. [source] Fighting for the Cross: Crusading to the Holy Land , By Norman HousleyHISTORY, Issue 316 2009HELEN J. NICHOLSON No abstract is available for this article. [source] Refuge in the Land of Liberty: France and its Refugees, from the Revolution to the end of Asylum, 1787,1939 By Greg BurgessHISTORY, Issue 314 2009WILLIAM DOYLE No abstract is available for this article. [source] Voyages, Encounters, and Agency in Oceania: Captain Cook and Indigenous PeopleHISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 3 2008Bronwen Douglas Beginning with a brief historiographic survey of the prolific literature on European voyages of exploration in Oceania, in particular those of James Cook, this article considers how embodied encounters helped shape the written and visual representations of indigenous Oceanian people by Cook and his naturalists and artists in New Holland (Australia), the New Hebrides (Vanuatu) and Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania). I treat encounters as situated and permeable: not as a generalised clash of incommensurate cultures but as ambiguous intersections of multiple personal agencies, both indigenous and foreign. This approach suggests an indirect liaison between particular local actors and the expanding stock of empirical information provided by travellers and drawn on by metropolitan natural historians to illustrate their deductions about mankind. I suggest that voyagers' representations of Oceanian people should be read not merely as reflections of received knowledge derived from dominant metropolitan discourses or literary and artistic conventions but also as personal productions generated in the flux, stress, high emotion and uncertainty of meetings with actual people in the vulnerable settings of voyages under sail. Such representations were often significantly, if obliquely affected by local agency. [source] When Land Was Cheap, and Labor Dear: James Madison's ,Address to the Albemarle Agricultural Society' and the Problem of Southern Agricultural ReformHISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 3 2008Lynn A. Nelson James Madison's 1818 Address to the Albemarle Agricultural Society offers new insight into the diverse historiography of agricultural reform in the American South. Madison described a planet with limited resources, accused Virginia farmers of wasting what little they had, and offered suggestions for ways to intensify cultivation. Many scholars have analyzed the southern agricultural reform crusade, but differ widely on whether it was successful, and the reasons why. Madison tried to balance high farming with southern independence. Southern farming could not imitate modern agriculture from England and the Northeastern states because of the region's ecological distinctiveness. Madison was reluctant to risk tested adaptations by importing to crops, animals, and fertilizers. Southern farmers reflected his ecological conservatism, and the movement for reform stalled. [source] The Law of the Land or the Law of the Land?: History, Law and Narrative in a Settler SocietyHISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2004Bain Attwood This article considers the influence of a controversial historical work on the law, politics and society of a settler nation. It argues that the impact of Henry Reynolds's 1987 The Law of the Land on legal consideration of indigenous rights to land in Australia can be attributed to the fact that it is best described as juridical history. As such, it told a lego-historical story that provided the High Court of Australia with a new way of interpreting its own traditional narrative, which had long denied Aboriginal people their rights to land, thus enabling it to make a new determination of those rights as well as resolve a crisis of legitimacy for the law and the nation. This article also contends that this history-making came to be accepted by many settler Australians because it provided the nation with a newly redemptive, liberal myth narrative. It assesses the cost of a story of this kind, asking whether such simple histories can have an enduring effect, especially where their authors are reluctant to signpost the historical or literary form of their texts. Finally, it suggests that histories truer to the complexities of the past might produce better political and social outcomes. [source] The Interface of Globalization and Peripheral Land in the Cities of the South: Implications for Urban Governance and Local Economic DevelopmentINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF URBAN AND REGIONAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2007RAMIN KEIVANI Abstract This essay examines the impact of globalization on land peripheral to large cities of the south. It identifies such land as providing major arenas for contested claims between the requirements of international firms and those of local inhabitants and businesses, entailing both threats and opportunities in terms of local economic development. Much depends on the urban governance and institutional processes surrounding the use and allocation of land that are themselves directly influenced by the globalization process. In many cities national, state or provincial governments have set up special parastatal organizations with substantial funding and significant decision-making powers over infrastructure development and land use to facilitate the rebirth of their cities as havens for international investment. In the process local municipalities and the local population are often excluded from the decision-making process, while being left to cope with the aftermath and maintenance of the grand projects. The essay identifies weaknesses in elite governance models usually centred at the state or national levels, and asks if a better alternative may be a local government-led ,inclusive leadership' model capable of clear leadership, greater coordination of different governance layers and inclusion of local actors. Résumé Cet essai étudie l'impact de la mondialisation sur les terrains situés à la périphérie des grandes villes du Sud. Il identifie ces terrains comme des scènes majeures de contradiction entre les besoins des multinationales et les revendications des entreprises et habitants locaux, ce qui créent à la fois menaces et opportunités en termes d'expansion économique locale. Le résultat dépend largement des processus institutionnels et de gouvernance urbaine qui entourent l'utilisation et l'affectation des terrains, processus eux-mêmes directement influencés par la mondialisation. Dans de nombreuses villes, les organes de gouvernement nationaux, étatiques ou provinciaux ont créé des entités para-étatiques spécialisées, dotées de fonds et de pouvoirs décisionnels considérables en matière d'aménagement des infrastructures et d'occupation des sols, afin de réinstaurer leur ville en terre d'accueil de l'investissement international. Or, les municipalités et populations locales sont souvent exclues du processus de décision alors qu'on les laisse assumer les conséquences et la maintenance des grands projets. L'article repère les faiblesses des modèles de gouvernance par les élites, généralement centrés aux niveaux de l'Etat ou de la nation, et se demande si un modèle de ,leadership inclusif' sous la houlette du gouvernement ne serait pas une meilleure alternative, permettant un leadership clair, une meilleure coordination des différentes strates de gouvernance et l'intégration des acteurs locaux. [source] Land to some tillers: development-induced displacement in LaosINTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 175 2003Peter Vandergeest No abstract is available for this article. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||