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Labor Law (labor + law)
Selected AbstractsLABOR LAW FOR MANAGERS OF NON-UNION EMPLOYEES IN TRADITIONAL AND CYBER WORKPLACESAMERICAN BUSINESS LAW JOURNAL, Issue 4 2003Nancy J. King First page of article [source] Why No Shop Committees in America: A Narrative HistoryINDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, Issue 3 2001David Brody This article explores the origins of the prohibition against shop committees in modern labor law. It identifies World War I as the crystallizing moment and argues that shop committees might have become a permanent feature of American industrial relations at that time but for a series of contingent events arising in particular from the great steel strike of 1919. Historians have missed this linkage, the article concludes, because in the intervening 1920s, employee representation became disassociated from industrial democracy, with the notable exception of the railroads, where blatantly antiunion use of employee representation prompted the judicial condemnation of employer domination of labor organizations that provided the doctrinal foundation for Section 8a(2) of the National Labor Relations Act. [source] Unnatural Extinction: The Rise and Fall of the Independent Local UnionINDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, Issue 3 2001Sanford M. Jacoby This article analyzes what happened to independent local unions (ILUs), also known as company unions, since 1935. After providing a statistical analysis of ILU membership since 1935, the article looks at the factors that shaped membership trends: changes in labor law, the characteristics of ILUs, worker attitudes toward ILUs, and employers' industrial relations policies. New evidence is presented that suggests that even those employers who still favored ILUs in the 1950s were orienting them away from collective bargaining and toward the "new nonunion model" of the 1960s and 1970s. [source] Labor Reform and Dual Transitions in Brazil and the Southern ConeLATIN AMERICAN POLITICS AND SOCIETY, Issue 1 2002Marķa Lorena Cook ABSTRACT The sequencing of transitions to democracy and to a market economy shaped the outcome of labor law reform and prospects for expanded labor rights in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. Argentina and Brazil experienced democratic transitions before market economic reforms were consolidated in the 1990s. During the transition, unions obtained prolabor reforms and secured rights that were enshrined in labor law. In posttransition democratic governments, market reforms coincided with efforts to reverse earlier labor protections. Unable to block many harmful reforms, organized labor in Argentina and Brazil did conserve core interests linked to organizational survival and hence to future bargaining leverage. In Chile this sequence was reversed. Market economic policies and labor reform were consolidated under military dictatorship. During democratic transition, employers successfully resisted reforms that would expand labor rights. This produced a limited scope of organizational resources for Chilean unions and reduced prospects for future improvements. [source] "Adversarial legalism" in the German system of industrial relations?REGULATION & GOVERNANCE, Issue 3 2009Britta Rehder Abstract The US has a distinctive legal style, which Robert Kagan has called "adversarial legalism." It is marked by a pattern of political decisionmaking and conflict resolution in which the courtrooms and the law are systematically exploited as political arenas for making and implementing political settlements and policy outlines. In this article it is argued that a "German way" of adversarial legalism is about to emerge in the German industrial relations system. Economic liberalization, the fragmentation and decentralization of lawmaking authority in the political sphere, and the common-law-like nature of German labor law have contributed to the appearance of a judicialized pattern of governance. Nonetheless, Germany is not converging on the "American way of law" and major differences are expected to persist in the years to come. [source] Characteristics of teens with and without work permitsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 11 2009Janet Abboud Dal Santo DrPH Abstract Background Factors associated with the issuance of mandated work permits for teens, and their enforcement are currently unknown. Methods A cross-sectional survey was administered to 1945 teens at 16 randomly selected North Carolina high schools. Predictor variables examined included teens' socio-demographic characteristics, employment patterns, and labor law knowledge. Results One thousand and ninety-four non-working and 844 working teens participated. Seventy-seven percent of working teens worked during the school year and 39% started working younger than 16. The majority (80%) worked in retail and services. Forty-four percent worked without work permits. Factors associated with being less likely to be issued a work permit included white race, employment in a family-owned business, being a laborer, and limited or no knowledge of child labor laws. Conclusions Adherence to and enforcement of the work permit system is low. Interventions should specifically target teens who work in family owned businesses, in unskilled labor and in hazardous industries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:841,849, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Role of work permits in teen workers' experiencesAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2002Linda Delp MPH Abstract Background Work permits are required for working teenagers under 18 in 41 US states, but little is known about the work experience of those with work permits compared with those without such permits. This study examines job hazards, training, and knowledge of child labor laws reported by students in a predominantly Latino high school in Los Angeles and compares the responses of those who obtained work permits with those who did not. Methods Student responses to a 60 item questionnaire were supplemented with information from focus groups and a survey of work permits issued by the school. Results Students without work permits were more likely to perform hazardous tasks and to use certain types of dangerous equipment and less likely to receive health and safety training than those with permits. Conclusion Possible explanations for the findings and suggested areas in need of policy change or research are considered. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:477,482, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Capital Structure as a Strategic Variable: Evidence from Collective BargainingTHE JOURNAL OF FINANCE, Issue 3 2010DAVID A. MATSA ABSTRACT I analyze the strategic use of debt financing to improve a firm's bargaining position with an important supplier,organized labor. Because maintaining high levels of corporate liquidity can encourage workers to raise their wage demands, a firm with external finance constraints has an incentive to use the cash flow demands of debt service to improve its bargaining position with workers. Using both firm-level collective bargaining coverage and state changes in labor laws to identify changes in union bargaining power, I show that strategic incentives from union bargaining appear to have a substantial impact on corporate financing decisions. [source] | |||||||||||||