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LDH Level (ldh + level)
Selected AbstractsPrognostic factors for classifying extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, as lymphoid neoplasiaEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2007Im I. Na Abstract This study evaluated the applicability of prognostic factors commonly used for diagnosis of classical lymphoma outcomes to extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (NTCL). Clinical features and their associations with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated in 70 patients. RLDH was defined as the ratio of LDH to the upper normal limit. RLDH was associated with stage (I,II vs. III,IV), lymph node involvement (LNI), and International Prognostic Index score (<2 vs. ,2). Poor performance status and advanced stage were common in patients with local tumor invasiveness (LTI). LDH level, classified into three levels (low, high, and very high) was associated with survival (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the predictive values of LDH level, B symptom, performance status, and stage remained significant whereas those of LTI and LNI did not. Scoring was performed by weighting each factor with 0.5 or 1.0 according to its hazard ratio. Scores were classified into four groups. Groups with high scores were associated with unfavorable outcomes (P < 0.001). Current study suggests that prognostic factors for NHL may be useful to predict the outcome of NTCL but the model should take LDH level and the prognostic weight of each factor into account. [source] Improved treatment outcome in Chinese children and adolescents with Burkitt's lymphoma and large cell lymphoma by using the modified B-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma-Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster-90 protocolEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2006Xiao-Fei Sun Abstract:,Objectives:,This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the modified B-Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)-Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (BFM)-90-based protocol in Chinese children and adolescents with Burkitt's lymphoma and large cell lymphoma. Methods:,From September 1997 to August 2005, 55 untreated patients (age less than 20 yr) from a single institution were enrolled. The patients were stratified by risk factors (stage, LDH level and chemotherapy response). All patients were treated with a modified B-NHL-BFM 90 protocol. Results:,The median age of the patients was 8 yr (range 1.5,20 yr). Of these patients, 22 (40%) had Burkitt's lymphoma (BKL), 22 (40%) had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBL) and 11 (20%) had anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (ALCL). Complete remission (CR) occurred in 45 patients (83%), partial remission (PR) in eight patients (14.5%), and progressive disease (PD) in one patient (1.8%). At a median follow up of 24 months, the event free survival (EFS) for all patients was 85% ± 5% with 100% for group R1, 84% ± 7% for group R2 and 72% ± 13% for group R3, and most notably, 80% ± 6% for stage III/IV at diagnosis. There was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.96) in EFS among BKL and DLBL and ALCL. The major toxicity complications were myelosuppression and mucositis, but these conditions were tolerated and manageable. Conclusions:,This modified NHL-BFM-90 protocol is very effective for Chinese children and adolescents with BKL and large cell lymphomas, and represented an increase in the cure rates in childhood NHL in China. [source] Development of anti-VWF antibody in a patient with severe haemophilia A following the development of high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LABORATORY HEMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2002K. Ghosh A 9-year-old-boy with severe haemophilia A (factor VIII < 1%) developed colicky abdominal pain with swelling in the left iliac fossa for 4 weeks. His LDH level was 1423 IU/l (normal range < 220 IU/l) and his uric acid, 6.8 mg/dl. A computerised tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen demonstrated a tumour of the terminal ileum and mild hepatosplenomegaly. Pre-operative screening for factor VIII inhibitor was negative. Post-operatively, the patient needed high doses of factor VIII to maintain haemostasis. The tumour was found to be a high-grade lymphoma of Burkitt's type. He recovered from his operation and chemotherapy was commenced. Investigations demonstrated an anti-von Willebrand factor (VWF) antibody. He subsequently relapsed and died of progressive disease. Development of anti-VWF antibody in lymphoma is well known, but development of this antibody in a haemophilia A patient developing lymphoma has not been reported. The present case shows that antibody to VWF should be considered as a possible reason for an increased factor VIII requirement in such patients. [source] Stratum corneum TARC level is a new indicator of lesional skin inflammation in atopic dermatitisALLERGY, Issue 9 2010E. Morita To cite this article: Morita E, Takahashi H, Niihara H, Dekio I, Sumikawa Y, Murakami Y, Matsunaka H. Stratum corneum TARC level is a new indicator of lesional skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2010; 65: 1166,1172. Abstract Background:, Management of atopic dermatitis (AD) requires judging the symptoms of local skin lesions and prescribing a suitable treatment. However, no method has been established in which objective measures can be used to evaluate the severity of local symptoms. We established a method for measuring thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) levels in the stratum corneum (scTARC), and examined whether the scTARC can be used as an indicator of the severity of local skin lesions in patients with AD. Methods:, Stratum corneum was obtained from patients with AD by tape-stripping, and scTARC was evaluated using a TARC-specific antibody followed by image analysis. The scTARC was examined to determine correlation with the severity of local skin lesions (the severity of erythema, edema/papule, oozing/crusts, excoriations, lichenification, and xerosis) as well as with the severity scoring of atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) index, serum TARC level, serum IgE level, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, interleukin (IL)-4-producing T cell ratio (Th2 cell ratio), and blood eosinophil count. Results:, The scTARC was correlated with the severity of local skin lesions, especially with the erythema, edema/papule, and oozing/crusts score. The scTARC in the most severe lesions was also correlated with the SCORAD index, serum TARC level, serum IgE level, and blood eosinophil count. The scTARC was not, however, correlated with the serum LDH level and Th2 cell ratio. Conclusion:, An immunofluorescent technique combined with tape-stripping was used to measure scTARC. The scTARC can be used as an indicator of the severity of local acute inflammation in patients with AD. [source] Late-onset neutropenia following RCHOP chemotherapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY, Issue 7 2009Gillianne Geet Yi Lai Rituximab has been associated with the development of late-onset neutropenia (LON). As only heterogeneous studies have been conducted, its incidence and clinical course remain unclear. We aim to: (1) study the incidence and clinical relevance of WHO grade 3/4 LON in a uniform group of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in complete remission following curative rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (RCHOP) chemotherapy; (2) ascertain predictive factors for LON. The 121 eligible patients identified from our prospectively maintained database were followed up for occurrence of WHO grade 3/4 LON. The clinical course of LON was documented, and its relationship with patient- and tumor-related factors was analyzed. With a median follow-up of 883 days (range, 265,1762), 13.2% had developed LON of grade 3/4. The median time to neutrophil nadir was 129 days (range, 39,277). The median time to recovery was 69 days (range, 3,349) and occurred in all except two patients. Only one episode of nonlife threatening bacterial culture-positive urinary tract infection and pulmonary tuberculosis, both occurring in the same patient was documented. Results of Fischer's exact test revealed that age, stage, LDH level, ECOG, marrow involvement, and hematologic parameters did not predict for LON development. WHO grade 3/4 LON is not infrequent in patients with DLBCL receiving RCHOP. Even so, it is reassuring that LON is self-limiting and unassociated with life-threatening infection. A watchful waiting approach is appropriate in majority of patients who develop LON following RCHOP. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Prognostic role of insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 expression in small cell lung cancerAPMIS, Issue 12 2009MYUNG HEE CHANG Insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGFR-1) is a cellular membrane receptor which is overexpressed in many tumors and seems to play a critical role in anti-apoptosis. The insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) is known as a growth suppressor in multiple signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to determine IGFR-1 and IGFBP-3 expression in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and analyze the prognostic value in patients with SCLC. We analyzed IGFR-1 and IGFBP-3 expression in 194 SCLC tissues by immunohistochemical staining. Correlative analyses between IGFR-1 and IGFBP-3 expression in SCLC and clinicopathologic factors were performed. A total of 117 patients had extensive disease (ED) (60.3%) and 77 had limited disease (39.7%). With the median follow-up duration of 49.5 months (24,82 months), the median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 7.2 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.4,8.0 months] and 14.4 months (95% CI: 12.7,16 months), respectively. IGFR-1 expression was observed in 154 of the 190 tumor tissues, whereas there was no IGFBP-3 expression. Multivariate analysis showed that stage (p < 0.001), response rate (p < 0.001), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (p < 0.001) were the independent prognostic factors for PFS, and age (p = 0.014), LDH level (p < 0.001), and stage (p < 0.001) for OS. The IGFR-1 positivity was not associated with PFS or OS in the entire cohort. Subgroup analysis revealed that OS was significantly longer in patients with IGFR-1-positive tissue than IGFR-1-negative tissue in SCLC-ED (p = 0.034). These results suggest that IGFR-1 expression may be useful as a prognostic marker in patients with SCLC-ED. [source] Treatment outcomes of small cell carcinoma of the prostateCANCER, Issue 8 2007A single-center study Abstract BACKGROUND. The current study was conducted to determine the clinical characteristics and prognostic features associated with prostatic small cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS. Between January 1985 and May 2005, 83 patients with SCC of the prostate were identified. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to assess the prognostic significance of the clinical parameters associated with disease-specific outcomes. RESULTS. Twenty-one patients had no evidence of distant metastasis at the time of the diagnosis of SCC, with the remaining patients demonstrating radiologic or biopsy-proven evidence of metastatic disease. Compared with patients with metastases, patients without metastases at the time of diagnosis were older (P = .001) and had a lower serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level at the time of diagnosis (P = .002). On multivariate analysis, an elevated serum LDH level and low serum albumin at the time of SCC diagnosis was found to be predictive of inferior progression-free survival (P = .02 and P = .008, respectively) and inferior disease-specific survival (DSS) (P = .02 and P = .01, respectively). At the time of last follow-up, 72 patients (87%) had died of disease, with a median DSS duration of 13.1 months (range, 10.7,17.1 months). There was a statistically significant difference noted with regard to the median DSS of patients with nonmetastatic versus those with metastatic SCC (17.7 months [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 12.1,39.2 months] vs 12.5 months [95% CI, 8.1,16.1 months], respectively; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS. SCC of the prostate is a highly aggressive tumor, with serum LDH and albumin levels at the time of diagnosis believed to be predictive of disease-related outcomes. Although palliative, current systemic therapy does not result in cure and does not provide long-term survival for patients with metastases. For patients with nonmetastatic disease, a strategy utilizing systemic and local therapies should be evaluated further. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society. [source] Thaliporphine protects ischemic and ischemic-reperfused rat hearts via an NO-dependent mechanismDRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, Issue 3 2001Li-Man Hung Abstract In ischemia or ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), nitric oxide (NO) can potentially exert several beneficial effects. Thaliporphine, a natural alkaloid with Ca2+ channel-activating and Na+/K+ channel-blocking activities, increased NO levels and exerted cardioprotective action in ischemic or I/R rats. The role of NO in the cardioprotective actions of thaliporphine was assessed. The severity of rhythm disturbances and mortality in anesthetized rats with either coronary artery occlusion for 30 min, or 5 min followed by 30-min reperfusion, were monitored and compared in thaliporphine- vs. placebo-treated groups. Thaliporphine treatment significantly increased NO and decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the blood during the end period of ischemia or I/R. These changes in NO and LDH levels by thaliporphine were associated with a reduction in the incidence and duration of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) during ischemic or I/R period. The mortality of animals was also completely prevented by 1 × 10,8 moles/kg of thaliporphine. In animals subjected to 4 h of left coronary artery occlusion, 1 × 10,7 moles/kg of thaliporphine dramatic reduced cardiac infarct zone from 46 ± 6% to 7.1 ± 1.9%. Inhibition of NO synthesis with 3.7 × 10,6 moles/kg of N, -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) abolished the beneficial effects of thaliporphine during 30 min or 4 h myocardial ischemia. However, the antiarrhythmic activity and mortality reduction efficacy of thaliporphine during reperfusion after 5 min of ischemia was only partially antagonized by L-NAME. These results showed that thaliporphine efficiently exerted the cardioprotections either in acute or prolonged coronary artery occlusion or occlusion-reperfusion situations. The fact that thaliporphine induced cardioprotective effects were abrogated by L-NAME indicates that NO is an important mediator for the cardioprotective effects of thaliporphine in acute or prolonged ischemia, whereas antioxidant activities may contribute to the protection of I/R injury. Drug Dev. Res. 52:446,453, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Hepatoprotective efficacy of certain flavonoids against microcystin induced toxicity in miceENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY, Issue 5 2007R. Jayaraj Abstract Toxic cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) water blooms have become a serious problem in several industrialized areas of the world. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a cyanobacterial heptapeptide that represents acute and chronic hazards to animal and human health. Identification of suitable chemprotectants against microcystin is essential considering human health hazards. In the present study, we have evaluated the protective efficacy of three flavanoids namely quercetin (200 mg/kg), silybin (400 mg/kg), and morin (400 mg/kg)] pretreatment against microcystin toxicity (0.75 LD50, 57.5 ,g/kg) in mice. Various biochemical variables were measured to study the recovery profile of protected animals at 1- and 3-days post-toxin treatment. The serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) shows 17-fold increase in MC-LR treated animals compared with control group at 1 day. The silybin and quercetin group showed a decrease in level of ALT compared with MC-LR group but still higher than control group. No significant protection was observed with aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in flavanoid-treated groups at 1-day post-treatment. But at 3 days, the serum levels of AST and ALT were normalized to control values, but the serum LDH levels were still significantly higher than the control group. No significant changes were observed in glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione levels at both 1- and 3-day postexposure. The catalase activity shows a significant decrease in quercetin-treated animals at 3-day postexposure. The protein phosphatase was significantly inhibited in MC-LR group compared to control. The silybin pretreated group showed recovery after 1 day. At 3 days, the PPAse activity was reversed to control values in all the flavanoid-treated groups. Immunoblotting analysis showed microcystin-PPAse adduct in liver tissues of toxin-treated as well as flavanoid-treated mice even after 3 days. The results of this study show that flavanoids, quercetin, silybin, and morin could reverse the hepatotoxic effects of MC-LR in vivo. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 22: 472,479, 2007. [source] The influence of gastroesophageal reflux in the lung: A case,control studyRESPIROLOGY, Issue 5 2010Kornelija MISE ABSTRACT Background and objective: Many researchers have investigated the pH of exhaled breath condensate but direct measurement of pH in the lung has not been performed in vivo in humans. We hypothesized that the pH measured directly in the lung would differ between healthy subjects and patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We also wished to determine whether an acidic environment in the lung influences pulmonary function and DLCO, and whether microaspiration of gastric contents directly influences non-specific inflammation in the lung. Methods: The patients were otherwise healthy individuals who had been newly diagnosed with GERD. The control subjects were mostly volunteers who underwent bronchoscopy for different reasons. For all subjects (n = 63) a medical history was taken, and physical examination, oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, fibre-optic bronchoscopy and pulmonary function testing were performed. Results: In patients with GERD the average pH in the lung was 5.13 ± 0.43; this was significantly lower than the pH in the lung of controls 6.08 ± 0.39 (P = 0.001). Patients with GERD had lower FEV1% (P = 0.035), PEF (P = 0.001), FEF50% (P = 0.002) and FEF25% (P = 0.003), while the differences in FVC% and FEF75% were not significant. DLCO (P = 0.003), as well as transfer coefficient of the lung (P = 0.001), was lower in patients with GERD. LDH levels in bronchoalveolar aspirate were higher in the patients with GERD (P = 0.001). Conclusions: This study found evidence of cell and tissue injury in the lung, a lowering of pH and higher bronchoalveolar aspirate LDH levels in patients with GERD compared with healthy subjects. These findings suggest that pulmonary function, and especially DLCO, should be evaluated in patients presenting with GERD. [source] Gene Transduction of an Active Mutant of Akt Exerts Cytoprotection and Reduces Graft Injury After Liver TransplantationAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 4 2007M. Morales-Ruiz Akt is expected to be an effective target for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) due to its anti-apoptotic properties and its ability to activate the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzyme. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the efficacy of an active mutant of Akt (myr-Akt) to decrease I/R injury in a model of orthotopic liver transplantation in pigs. In addition, we analyzed the contribution of nitric oxide in the Akt-mediated effects by using an eNOS mutant (S1179DeNOS) that mimics the phosphorylation promoted by Akt in the eNOS sequence. Donors were treated with adenoviruses codifying for myr-Akt, S1179DeNOS or ,-galactosidase 24 h before liver harvesting. Then, liver grafts were orthotopically transplanted into their corresponding recipients. Levels of transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased in all recipients after 24 h of transplant. However, transaminases and LDH levels were significantly lower in the myr-Akt group compared with vehicle. The percentage of apoptotic cells and the amount of activated-caspase 3 protein were also markedly reduced in myr-Akt-treated grafts after 4 days of liver transplant compared with vehicle and S1179DeNOS groups. In conclusion, myr-Akt gene therapy effectively exerts cytoprotection against hepatic I/R injury regardless of the Akt-dependent eNOS activation. [source] Diffuse large B-cell lymphomaCANCER, Issue 21 2009Clinical characterization, prognosis of Waldeyer ring versus lymph node presentation Abstract BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to compare the clinical features and prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of Waldeyer ring (WR-DLBCL) and patients with lymph node DLBCL (N-DLBCL). METHODS: One hundred eighty-one patients with WR-DLBCL and N-DLBCL were reviewed. There were 57 patients with stage I disease, 83 patients with stage II disease, 26 patients with stage III disease, and 15 patients with stage IV disease. Among them, 101 patients had primary N-DLBCL, and 80 patients had primary WR-DLBCL. RESULTS: Patients with WR-DLBCL and N-DLBCL usually presented at an older age and had localized disease, a low frequency of B symptoms, a good performance status, and a low-risk International Prognostic Index (IPI) score. Compared with patients who had N-DLBCL, patients who had WR-DLBCL presented with more stage II disease and lower tumor burdens. The overall response rate after treatment was similar in both groups. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 76% and 61% in patients with WR-DLBCL, respectively, and 56% and 50% in patients with N-DLBCL, respectively (P = .119 for OS; P = .052 for PFS). IPI scores and elevated ,2-microglobulin and LDH levels were associated with a poor prognosis for patients who had WR-DLBCL; whereas bulky tumor, elevated ,2-microglobulin levels, and IPI scores were associated with poor OS for patients who had N-DLBCL. CONCLUSIONS: The current results supported the continued inclusion of WR-DLBCL as a lymph node group in the staging of DLBCL. Patients with WR-DLBCL had clinical features and prognosis similar to those of patients with N-DLBCL. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society. [source] | ||||||||||