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L. Leaves (l + leaf)
Selected AbstractsIn-vitro Antioxidant and In-vivo Photoprotective Effect of Three Lyophilized Extracts of Sedum telephium L. LeavesJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 10 2000FRANCESCO BONINA Sedum telephium L. is a medicinal plant used in antiquity to cure many types of inflammatory skin diseases. The leaves (without the external cuticle), are used to promote healing and reduce skin inflammation and pain, and contain various components. We found two major components: flavonol glycosides and polysaccharides, with molecular weight between 13 000 and 13 500 Da. We evaluated the in-vitro antioxidant and in-vivo skin photoprotective effects of three lyophilized extracts obtained from the juice of S. telephium L. leaves: a total lyophilized juice, a lyophilized flavonolic fraction, and a lyophilized polysaccharidic fraction. Two in-vitro models were used: the bleaching of the stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) radical, and the protective effect against UV-induced peroxidation on phosphatidylcholine multilamellar vesicles, as model membranes. The antioxidant/radical scavenging activity of each lyophilized extract was also assessed in-vivo by determining their ability to reduce UVB-induced skin erythema (monitored by reflectance spectrophotometry) in healthy human volunteers. The findings of the in-vitro experiments clearly demonstrated that, unlike the lyophilized polysaccharidic fraction, the lyophilized flavonolic fraction and total lyophilized juice possess strong antioxidant/free radical scavenging properties, which are likely due to phenolic compounds. Consistent with these findings, gel formulations of both the total lyophilized juice and, to a greater degree, the lyophilized flavonolic fraction appeared to possess a strong protective effect against UV-induced skin erythema in-vivo, whereas the lyophilized polysaccharidic fraction was completely ineffective. The in-vitro and in-vivo results suggest that, both the total lyophilized juice and, in particular, the lyophilized flavonolic fraction, but not the lyophilized polysaccharidic fraction of S. telephium L. leaves, have photoprotective effects against UVB-induced skin damage. [source] Inhibitory Effect of Morinda Citrifolia L. on Lipoprotein Lipase ActivityJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 8 2008M.S. Pak-Dek ABSTRACT:, Efficacy of Morinda citrifolia L. leaf (MLE) and fruit extracts (MFE) in inhibiting lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was determined in vitro. The result of the study showed that the highest inhibition on the LPL activity was exhibited by MLE (66%± 2.1%), which is significantly higher than that demonstrated by MFE (54.5%± 2.5%), green tea extract (GTE) (54.5%± 2.6%), and catechin (43.6%± 6.1%). Percent of LPL inhibition increase with concentration of the extracts. Quantitative analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of high levels of (+),catechin at 63.5 ± 17 and 53.7 ± 5.7 mg/g in MLE and MFE, respectively, although not as high as that found in GTE (530.6 ± 42 mg/g). Appreciable amount of epicatechin was found in all extracts tested, while rutin was only found in MLE and MFE. The study suggested that both leaf and fruit of M. citrifolia may be used as antiobesity agents in body weight management. [source] The chemical composition of essential oils and lipophilic extracts of Silphium integrifolium Michx. and S. trifoliatum L. leavesFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2008Rados, aw Kowalski Abstract The research presented in this paper revealed that secretory ducts in leaf stalks and main nerves of leaf blades of S. integrifolium and S. trifoliatum were of schizogenic origin and were present in varied number around vascular bundles. GC,FID and GC,MS analyses of essential oils and lipophilic extracts made from leaves collected from tested Silphium species in 1999,2001 and 2007 indicated that sesquiterpene compounds were the main constituents: germacrene D, ,- caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide and silphiperfol-6-en-5-one. Only the oil and extracts from S. integrifolium contained significant amounts of allo -aromadendr-9-ene (8.5 ± 4.2% in oil achieved in 1999,2001, as well as 3.7 ± 0.1% and 5.7 ± 0.3 µg/ml, respectively in essential oil and extract (1:10) from 2007). Besides volatile compounds, sterols such as , -sitosterol and stigmasterol as well as triterpene alcohols (,- amyrine and , -amyrine), higher alkanes, free fatty acids and their derivatives along with vitamin E were present in tested lipophilic extracts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Hepatoprotective activity of Terminalia catappa L. leaves and its two triterpenoidsJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 11 2004Jing Gao The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the chloroform extract of Terminalia catappa L. leaves (TCCE) on carbon tetrachloride (CCI4)-induced acute liver damage and D-galactosamine (D-GaIN)-induced hepatocyte injury. Moreover, the effects of ursolic acid and asiatic acid, two isolated components of TCCE, on mitochondria and free radicals were investigated to determine the mechanism underlying the action of TCCE on hepatotoxicity. In the acute hepatic damage test, remarkable rises in the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (5.7- and 2.0-fold) induced by CCI4 were reversed and significant morphological changes were lessened with pre-treatment with 50 and 100 mg kg,1 TCCE. In the hepatocyte injury experiment, the increases in ALT and AST levels (1.9- and 2.1-fold) in the medium of primary cultured hepatocytes induced by D-GaIN were blocked by pre-treatment with 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 gL,1 TCCE. In addition, Ca2+ -induced mitochondrial swelling was dose-dependently inhibited by 50,500 ,m ursolic acid and asiatic acid. Both ursolic acid and asiatic acid, at concentrations ranging from 50 to 500 ,m, showed dose-dependent superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. It can be concluded that TCCE has hepatoprotective activity and the mechanism is related to protection of liver mitochondria and the scavenging action on free radicals. [source] In-vitro Antioxidant and In-vivo Photoprotective Effect of Three Lyophilized Extracts of Sedum telephium L. LeavesJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 10 2000FRANCESCO BONINA Sedum telephium L. is a medicinal plant used in antiquity to cure many types of inflammatory skin diseases. The leaves (without the external cuticle), are used to promote healing and reduce skin inflammation and pain, and contain various components. We found two major components: flavonol glycosides and polysaccharides, with molecular weight between 13 000 and 13 500 Da. We evaluated the in-vitro antioxidant and in-vivo skin photoprotective effects of three lyophilized extracts obtained from the juice of S. telephium L. leaves: a total lyophilized juice, a lyophilized flavonolic fraction, and a lyophilized polysaccharidic fraction. Two in-vitro models were used: the bleaching of the stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) radical, and the protective effect against UV-induced peroxidation on phosphatidylcholine multilamellar vesicles, as model membranes. The antioxidant/radical scavenging activity of each lyophilized extract was also assessed in-vivo by determining their ability to reduce UVB-induced skin erythema (monitored by reflectance spectrophotometry) in healthy human volunteers. The findings of the in-vitro experiments clearly demonstrated that, unlike the lyophilized polysaccharidic fraction, the lyophilized flavonolic fraction and total lyophilized juice possess strong antioxidant/free radical scavenging properties, which are likely due to phenolic compounds. Consistent with these findings, gel formulations of both the total lyophilized juice and, to a greater degree, the lyophilized flavonolic fraction appeared to possess a strong protective effect against UV-induced skin erythema in-vivo, whereas the lyophilized polysaccharidic fraction was completely ineffective. The in-vitro and in-vivo results suggest that, both the total lyophilized juice and, in particular, the lyophilized flavonolic fraction, but not the lyophilized polysaccharidic fraction of S. telephium L. leaves, have photoprotective effects against UVB-induced skin damage. [source] Liquid chromatography coupled to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the identification of isoflavone glucoside malonates in T. pratense L. leaves.JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 13 2004Eva de Rijke Abstract Previous studies revealed that the main isoflavones in extracts of leaves of T. pratense L. are biochanin A and formononetin, their 7- O -glucosides, and two glucoside malonate isomers of each of them. Since LC,MS(/MS) did not provide sufficient information to distinguish the glucoside malonate isomers, in the present paper LC,NMR as well as off-line two-dimensional NMR were used to obtain further structural information. Matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) was applied to obtain sufficiently high analyte concentrations to perform LC,NMR. Stop-flow reversed-phase LC,NMR was performed using a gradient of deuterated water and deuterated acetonitrile. Off-line COSY and NOESY experiments were carried out to determine the positions of the glucose moiety on the flavonoid aglycone, and of the malonate moiety on the glucose. Based on the fragmentation patterns in MS/MS and the NMR spectra, the two formononetin glucoside malonate isomers were identified as 7- O -,-D-glucoside 6´´- O -malonate and 7- O -,-D-glucoside 4´´- O -malonate; i.e. they only differ in the substitution position of the malonate group on the glucoside ring. The biochanin A glucoside malonate isomers, however, have quite different structures. The main and later eluting isomer is biochanin A 7- O -,-D-glucoside 6´´- O -malonate, and the minor and earlier eluting isomer is 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyisoflavone 4´- O -,-D-glucoside 4´´- O -malonate: the positions of the methoxy group and the glucoside 6´´- O -malonate group on the flavonoid skeleton are interchanged. [source] In vitro antiproliferative effect of six Salvia species on human tumor cell linesPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 8 2006Giovina Fiore Abstract This study was designed to examine the in vitro antiproliferative activity of the methanol crude extracts of six Salvia species: Salvia dominica L. leaves, Salvia lanigera Desf. aerial parts, Salvia menthaefolia Ten. roots, Salvia palaestina Benth. aerial parts, Salvia sclarea L. roots and Salvia spinosa L. aerial parts. Extracts were screened for their possible antitumoral activity by MTT test on nine human cancer cell lines: glioblastoma (DBTRG-05MG, T98G, U-87MG), colorectal adenocarcinoma (WiDr and HT-29), prostate adenocarcinoma (MDA Pca2b), choriocarcinoma (JEG-3), endometrium adenocarcinoma (HEC-1A) and B lymphoblast (CIR). IC50 values were determined for only five extracts and ranged from 90 to 400 mg/mL approximately. Salvia menthaefolia extract exhibited marked antiproliferative activity against all tumor cell lines showing lower IC50 values, while S. spinosa, S. sclarea and S. dominica extracts showed a degree cytotoxic activity dependent on the cell line type. Finally S. palaestina extract revealed a moderate antiproliferative effect only against three cell lines. Salvia lanigera extract displayed toxic activity at all concentrations tested. The results strengthen the evidence that the genus Salvia could be considered a natural resource of potential antitumor agents. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Possible mechanisms of action of the neutral extract from Bidens pilosa L. leaves on the cardiovascular system of anaesthetized ratsPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 10 2003T. Dimo Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the hypotensive and cardiac effects of the neutral extract from Bidens pilosa leaves. Intravenous administration of the extract resulted in a biphasic dose-related hypotensive activity. In normotensive rats (NTR), B. pilosa decreased systolic blood pressure by 18.26%, 42.5% and 30% at doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg, respectively. In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), the decrease in systolic blood pressure was 25.77%, 38.96% and 28.64% at the above doses, respectively. These doses induced hypotension by 27%, 34.13% and 18.73% respectively in salt-loaded hypertensive rats. In NTR, B. pilosa reduced heart rate by 23.68% and 61.18% at doses of 20 and 30 mg/kg, respectively. The force of contraction of the heart was only affected at 30 mg/kg. The initial phase of hypotensive response was partially inhibited by atropine while propranolol increased this effect. These results suggest that B. pilosa exhibited its ,rst hypotensive effects by acting on the cardiac pump ef,ciency and secondly through vasodilation. [source] Antibacterial activity of medicinal plant extracts against periodontopathic bacteriaPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 6 2003L. Iauk Abstract This study was performed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Althaea of,cinalis L. roots, Arnica montana L. ,owers, Calendula of,cinalis L. ,owers, Hamamelis virginiana L. leaves, Illicium verum Hook. fruits and Melissa of,cinalis L. leaves, against anaerobic and facultative aerobic periodontal bacteria: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella spp., Fusobacterium nucleatum, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Veilonella parvula, Eikenella corrodens, Peptostreptococcus micros and Actinomyces odontolyticus. The methanol extracts of H. virginiana and A. montana and, to a lesser extent, A. of,cinalis were shown to possess an inhibiting activity (MIC , 2048 mg/L) against many of the species tested. In comparison, M. of,cinalis and C. of,cinalis extracts had a lower inhibiting activity (MIC , 2048 mg/L) against all the tested species with the exception of Prevotella sp. Illicium verum methanol extract was not very active though it had a particular good activity against E. corrodens. The results suggest the use of the alcohol extracts of H. virginiana, A. montana and A. of,cinalis for topical medications in periodontal prophylactics. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Pharmacokinetic study of p -coumaric acid in mouse after oral administration of extract of Ananas comosus L. leavesBIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY, Issue 9 2006Zhen Meng Abstract Quantification of p- coumaric acid in mouse plasma following oral administration of Ananas comosus L. leaves was achieved by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using a mobile phase of water,acetonitrile (82:18, v/v) and UV detection at 310 nm. The method was linear (determination coefficient, r2 = 0.9997) within the tested range (0.04,1.28 µg/mL). Intra- and inter-day precision coefficients of variation and accuracy bias were acceptable (maximal CV value was 4.06% for intra-day and 4.19% for inter-day) over the entire range. The recoveries were 90.63, 97.98 and 100.01% for concentrations of 0.04, 0.32 and 1.28 µg/mL, respectively. This is a very rapid, sensitive and economical way to determine p- coumaric acid concentration in mouse plasma after oral administration of A. comosus leaves. The concentration,time curve was fitted to the one-compartment model. This is the first time that p- coumaric acid extracted from A. comosus leaves was detected by HPLC-UV method and its pharmacokinetic characteristic was comprehensively studied. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||