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Kitchen Wastes (kitchen + waste)
Selected AbstractsEarthworm (Eudrillus euginae) multiplication through variable substratesAQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 5 2009D. CHAKRABARTY Abstract Three hundred adult healthy earthworms (Eudrillus euginae) ranging length and weight from 14,29 cm (mean 21.5 ± 6.8 cm) to 1.6,3.0 g (mean 2.55 ± 1.1 g), respectively, were cultured in three different substrate for 70 days. The substrates were soil alone, (control T-1), cow (Bos taurus) dung and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) (1 : 1 T-2), and partially dried neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves with kitchen waste (1 : 1 T-3). The earthworms were grown in these substrates in a wooden chamber (0.8 m × 0.5 m × 0.2 m) and these were subjected to monitoring for various growth patterns (length, biomass, number) at every fortnight (five observations) interval. The observations showed that T-2 was the best among the three treatments used. There was significant difference (P < 0.05) between the mean values of growth efficiency in food conversion among the treatments. However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the mean values of survival rate of earthworm among different treatments. [source] Effects of butyric acid stress on anaerobic sludge for hydrogen production from kitchen wastesJOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY, Issue 6 2010Mingxing Zhao Abstract BACKGROUND: Anaerobic digestion is an alternative technology to achieve the dual benefits of hydrogen production and waste stabilization from kitchen wastes. In this work, the butyric acid stress on anaerobic sludge was investigated in order to improve the tolerance of sludge against organic acids, and to enhance hydrogen accumulation. RESULTS: The tolerance of butyric acid in anaerobic sludge increased with the stress concentration, however, it decreased at concentrations greater than of 4.0 g L,1. The maximum hydrogen yield reached 63.72 mL g,1 VS at 4.0 g L,1 stress, representing an increase of 114% compared with the control group. The concentration of volatile solids (VS) of the sludge and SCOD increased steadily with time up to 20 h. At 4.0 g L,1 butyric acid stress, the maximum activity of ,-glucosidase, BAA-hydrolysing protease and dehydrogenase enzyme were 14912.1 µmol PNP g,1 TS h,1, 134.14 µmol NH4 -N g,1 TS h,1 and 7316.42 µg TF g,1 TS h,1, which were 2.78, 1.90 and 2.01 times that of the control, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The feasibility of butyric acid stress on anaerobic sludge to increase hydrogen production from kitchen wastes was demonstrated. Remarkably, 4.0 g L,1 butyric acid stress was found to be favorable for improving the tolerance of butyric acid in sludge as well as hydrogen yield in the experiment. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry [source] The potential reuse of biodegradable municipal solid wastes (MSW) as feedstocks in vermicompostingJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 13 2010Edwin Yih Shyang Sim Abstract There is an urgent need globally to find alternative sustainable steps to treat municipal solid wastes (MSW) originated from mismanagement of urban wastes with increasing disposal cost. Furthermore, a conglomeration of ever-increasing population and consumerist lifestyle is contributing towards the generation of more MSW. In this context, vermicomposting offers excellent potential to promote safe, hygienic and sustainable management of biodegradable MSW. It has been demonstrated that, through vermicomposting, MSW such as city garbage, household and kitchen wastes, vegetable wastes, paper wastes, human faeces and others could be sustainably transformed into organic fertiliser or vermicompost that provides great benefits to agricultural soil and plants. Generally, earthworms are sensitive to their environment and require temperature, moisture content, pH and sometimes ventilation at proper levels for the optimum vermicomposting process. Apart from setting the optimum operational conditions for the vermicomposting process, other approaches such as pre-composting, inoculating micro-organisms into MSW and redesigning the conventional vermireactor could be introduced to further enhance the vermicomposting of MSW. Thus the present mini-review discusses the potential of introducing vermicomposting in MSW management, the benefits of vermicomposted MSW to plants, suggestions on how to enhance the vermicomposting of MSW as well as risk management in the vermicomposting of MSW. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry [source] | ||||||||||