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Ki-67 Staining (ki-67 + staining)
Selected AbstractsAn infiltrative variant of non-neural granular cell tumor: a case reportJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 2009Iwei Yeh Dermal non-neural granular cell tumors are rare tumors of indeterminate lineage that typically present as well-circumscribed tumors with nuclear pleomorphism and mitotic activity. We describe a dermal non-neural granular cell tumor with a distinctive growth pattern with granular cells interspersed between collagen bundles. This asymptomatic papule arose on the scapula of a 46-year-old woman and consisted of a mixture of epithelioid and spindled granular cells. The immunohistochemical characteristics were similar to those of previously reported dermal non-neural granular cell tumors. Despite mild nuclear pleomorphism and dispersion of lesional cells among collagen bundles, mitoses were not present and Ki-67 staining indicated a low proliferative rate. In addition to being S-100 protein negative and NKI/C3 positive, our case was positive for PGP9.5 and weakly positive for neuron-specific enolase, a staining pattern similar to what has been observed for cellular neurothekeomas. Our case could represent a dermal non-neural granular cell tumor with unique architecture, a granular cellular neurothekeoma or a granular cell dermatofibroma. As both dermal non-neural granular cell tumor and cellular neurothekeoma are of indeterminate lineage, our case with features characteristic of both entities may suggest a common precursor or lineage for dermal non-neural granular cell tumor and cellular neurothekeoma. [source] Decreased Srcasm expression in hyperproliferative cutaneous lesionsJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2009Marc C. Meulener Background:, Src-family tyrosine kinases (SFKs) are signaling proteins that regulate keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Src-activating and signaling molecule (Srcasm) is a recently identified molecule that downregulates SFK activity and promotes keratinocyte differentiation. To determine if Srcasm expression correlates with keratinocyte differentiation, we characterized the level of Srcasm expression in some cutaneous lesions that exhibit increased keratinocyte proliferation. Methods:, Formalin-fixed sections of randomly selected seborrheic keratoses (SKs) and basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) were analyzed for Srcasm and Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining. Anti-Srcasm and anti-Ki-67 stainings were performed in parallel. Results:, All SKs displayed decreased Srcasm staining in areas comprised of basaloid keratinocytes that exhibited an increased Ki-67 index. Higher Srcasm staining levels were detected near pseudohorn cysts where keratinocytes exhibited a lower Ki-67 index. All multicentric and nodular BCCs displayed a prominent loss of Srcasm staining in association with a marked increase in Ki-67 staining. Conclusions:, Our results support the hypothesis that Srcasm protein levels are decreased in the hyperproliferative keratinocytes found in SKs and BCCs. Increased Srcasm protein levels are detected in keratinocytes undergoing differentiation. Decreased Srcasm levels may be part of the pathophysiologic mechanism in cutaneous lesions, exhibiting keratinocyte hyperproliferation. [source] The effects of gp100 and tyrosinase peptide vaccinations on nevi in melanoma patientsJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2006David S. Cassarino Background:, A new approach to prevent disease recurrence in high-risk melanoma patients involves immunization with gp100 and tyrosinase peptides. This is the first study to examine the effects of such treatments on nevi. Design:, We studied biopsies of ,clinically atypical' nevi from 10 patients before and after peptide vaccination. All had a cutaneous melanoma measuring at least 1.5 mm in depth, satellite metastases, or at least one positive lymph node. We performed immunohistochemical stains for CD3, CD4, CD8, MHC-I, MHC-II, CD1a, HMB-45, MART-1, tyrosinase, bcl-2, p53, and Ki-67 (mib-1). Results:, Immunohistochemistry showed no differences in staining due to vaccination in either the immunologic or melanocytic markers. However, there was a significant increase in both p53 and bcl-2 staining, and a trend toward decreased Ki-67 staining, in the nevi post-treatment. Discussion:, The primary goal of peptide vaccinations with gp100 and tyrosinase is to activate melanoma-specific T cells in order to prevent melanoma recurrence. Nevi were studied in order to assess the effects on benign melanocytes. No significant changes in lymphocytes, langerhans cells, expression of MHC antigens, or melanocytic markers were found. The increase in p53 and bcl-2 raises the possibility that vaccination with melanocytic antigens stimulates a response in benign melanocytes. [source] Excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT-1 and EAAT-2 in temporal lobe and hippocampus in intractable temporal lobe epilepsyAPMIS, Issue 4 2009SINAN SARAC Intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is an invalidating disease and many patients are resistant to medical treatment. Increased glutamate concentration has been found in epileptogenic foci and may induce local over-excitation and cytotoxicity; one of the proposed mechanisms involves reduced extra-cellular clearance of glutamate by excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT-1 to EAAT-5). EAAT-1 and EAAT-2 are mainly expressed on astroglial cells for the reuptake of glutamate from the extra-cellular space. We have studied the expression of EAAT-1 and EAAT-2 in the hippocampus and temporal lobe in 12 patients with TLE by immunhistochemistry and densitometry. The expression of EAAT-1 and EAAT-2 was reduced to approximately 40% and 25%, respectively, in CA1 of the hippocampus. In the same area, an increased expression of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) at 90% reflected molecular rearrangements and upregulation of GFAP in the existing astrocytes as Ki-67 staining failed to demonstrate any signs of astrocytic proliferation. The aetiology of the reduced expression of EAAT-1 and EAAT-2 remains unclear. The downregulation of EAAT-1 and EAAT-2 may be an adaptive response to neuronal death or it may be a causative event contributing to neuronal death. Further studies of the EAATs and their function are needed to clarify the mechanisms and significance of EAAT-1 and EAAT-2 disappearance in TLE. [source] Hepatocyte morphology and kinetics after portal vein embolizationBRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 6 2006K. Komori Background: Macroscopic volume changes after portal vein embolization (PVE) can be assessed accurately by computed tomography, but histological changes remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to clarify hepatocyte morphology and kinetics after PVE. Methods: The resected livers from 25 patients who underwent extended hepatectomy after PVE and five normal livers were examined using hepatocyte paraffin 1 staining for histomorphometric analysis of hepatocytes. Cell kinetics were determined by Ki-67 staining and terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick-end labelling assay. Kupffer cells were examined by CD68 immunostaining. Results: The number of hepatocytes was similar in the embolized lobe, non-embolized lobe and normal liver, but hepatocyte volume was greater in the non-embolized lobe than in the embolized lobe (P = 0·017). The Ki-67 labelling index was higher in the non-embolized lobe (P < 0·001) whereas the apoptotic index was higher in the embolized lobe (P < 0·001). There were more Kupffer cells per unit area in the embolized lobe (P < 0·001). Conclusion: Hepatocyte hypertrophy and replication leads to volume enlargement of the non-embolized hepatic lobe, whereas hepatocyte atrophy and apoptosis causes a decrease in volume of the embolized lobe. Copyright © 2006 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Breast carcinoma in pregnant womenCANCER, Issue 5 2003Assessment of clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical features Abstract BACKGROUND Breast carcinoma is one of the most common carcinomas in pregnant women. The incidence of breast carcinoma may increase in the future because of the trend toward delayed childbearing and increased screening. However, very few contemporary studies have attempted to identify the combined histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of breast carcinoma in these patients. METHODS The authors evaluated 39 patients with breast carcinoma occurring coincident with pregnancy. This was comprised of a critical histologic review and immunohistochemical evaluation to determine the status of prognostic and predictive markers including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER-2/neu, Ki-67, and p53. RESULTS The mean age at presentation was 33 years (range, 24,44 years). Densities and/or masses were noted on mammograms in 14 of 16 patients with available radiographic information. The primary tumors were a mean of 4.5 cm in greatest dimension (range, 0.1,13.5 cm). Two of the 39 patients had clinical (American Joint Committee on Cancer) Stage I disease, 19 patients had Stage II disease, 16 had Stage III disease, and 2 patients had Stage IV disease at the time of presentation. Histologically, high-grade invasive ductal carcinomas were found in 32 of 38 patients. The primary tumor was not available for review in one patient. A predominantly solid pattern of growth was observed in nine patients. Lymphovascular invasion was identified in 61% of cases. Ductal carcinoma in situ was identified in 72% of tumors and was high grade in all cases. Of the 25 patients tested, ER positivity was found in 7 patients, PR positivity was found in 6 patients, HER-2/neu positivity was found in 7 patients, and p53 positivity was found in 12 patients. The proliferation rate as shown by Ki-67 staining was high in 60% of the cases. Follow-up information was available for 35 patients and the mean follow-up period was 43 months (range, 2,163 months). Distant metastasis occurred in seven patients. The mean time to disease recurrence was 20.4 months (range, 10,33 months). Of 35 patients, 4 have died, 22 were alive with no evidence of disease, and 9 were alive with disease at the last follow-up. The remaining four patients died of unknown causes. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women with breast carcinomas generally present with advanced-stage disease and the tumors have poor histologic and prognostic features. The findings from the follow-up indicated that these tumors do not follow a very aggressive clinical course as was proposed in earlier reports. Breast carcinomas occurring during pregnancy share many histologic and prognostic similarities with breast carcinoma occurring in other young women. Cancer 2003;98:1055,60. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11614 [source] Molecular markers of outcome after radiotherapy in patients with prostate carcinomaCANCER, Issue 7 2003Ki-6, bcl-, bcl-x Abstract BACKGROUND Abnormal expression of key proteins of the apoptotic pathway has been associated with poor prognosis, although there have been few studies of these correlations in patients with prostate carcinoma who are treated with radiotherapy. The current study examined the association between expression levels of Ki-67, bcl-2, bax, and bcl-x in pretreatment biopsy specimens and patient outcome after definitive radiotherapy alone. METHODS Archival pretreatment prostate biopsy tumor tissue was retrieved from 106 patients with Stage T1,T3 prostate carcinoma who were treated at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center with external beam radiotherapy between 1987 and 1993. Expression levels of Ki-67 (MIB-1 staining; n = 106 patients), bcl-2 (n = 77 patients), bax (n = 70 patients), and bcl-x (both long and short splice variants; n = 72 patients) were determined by immunohistochemical staining. The Ki-67 labeling index (Ki67-LI) was available for all patients and was derived from the percentage of Ki-67 positive cells. Biochemical failure after radiotherapy was defined as three consecutive rises in prostate specific antigen level on follow-up. The median follow-up was 62 months. RESULTS High Ki67-LI (> 3.5%) expression was observed in 33% of patients, overexpression of bcl-2 was observed in 16% of patients, altered bax expression was observed in 23% of patients, and altered bcl-x expression was observed in 53% of patients. There was no correlation found between the biomarkers. Kaplan,Meier survival estimates of freedom from biochemical failure (bNED) and the log-rank test revealed significantly lower rates in association with high Ki67-LI, positive bcl-2, and altered bax staining. No correlation was observed between bcl-x staining and bNED. Cox proportional hazards multivariate analysis confirmed that bcl-2 and bax were independent of pretreatment PSA level, Gleason score, disease stage, and Ki67-LI in predicting bNED. CONCLUSIONS Abnormalities in the expression levels of bcl-2 and bax were associated with increased failure after patients were treated for prostate carcinoma with external beam radiotherapy. These biomarkers appeared to be useful in categorizing patient risk further, beyond Ki-67 staining and conventional clinical prognostic factors. Cancer 2003;97:1630,8. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11230 [source] Urothelial progenitor cells: regional differences in the rat bladderCELL PROLIFERATION, Issue 2 2007M. M. Nguyen As yet there is no marker nor methodology to specifically isolate urothelial stem cells, and thus demonstrate multi-potential differentiation and self-renewal. Here, our goal was to evaluate the distribution of progenitor cells that carry two general major attributes of stem cells: clonogenicity and proliferative capacity. Materials and methods: The bladders of Fisher rats were divided into caudal and cephalic segments and primary cultures were established from the harvested urothelial cells. Results: We found that colony-forming efficiency was almost 2-fold higher for cells from the caudal bladder compared to the cephalic bladder. Doubling time was significantly faster for cells harvested from the caudal bladder at initial plating. This suggested that the caudal bladder harbours a higher density of urothelial progenitor cells. With passage to p4, the differences between the upper and lower bladder were lost, suggesting selection of proliferative cells with serial passage. Based on Ki-67 staining, there was no geographical difference in cell proliferation under normal homeostatic in vivo conditions. Conclusions: These results demonstrate geographical sequestration of urothelial progenitor cells to the area of the bladder that encompasses the bladder neck and trigone, which may be a factor in pathological disparities between the trigone and remaining bladder. [source] | ||||||||||